جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "resilience" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Today, the issue of land subsidence has emerged as a significant and critical factor jeopardizing both surface and subsurface structures within the nation, particularly in the northwest region. This situation necessitates the preservation of such infrastructures. Considering the vast expanse of the electricity distribution network in East Azerbaijan Province—encompassing an area of 45,000 square kilometers, a network length of 26,000 kilometers, and serving 930 thousand subscribers—the apprehensions regarding the existence of potential risks are justified. This extensive network is deemed one of the most sensitive and essential assets within the province in relation to the occurrence of land subsidence. Given this high level of sensitivity, it becomes imperative to identify regions susceptible to subsidence and to assess the vulnerability of the electricity distribution networks while implementing necessary measures to enhance resilience against this phenomenon. The objective of this research is to delineate the vulnerable regions. Conversely, land subsidence poses threats to power grid installations within East Azerbaijan Province. In this study, ArcGIS 10.7 and Super Decision software were employed to generate the information layers; furthermore, to ensure appropriate homogeneity among the various layers, the input data was standardized, and the Analytical Network Process (ANP) was utilized. The findings of the research indicate the existence of areas characterized by a high risk of subsidence, covering an expanse of 1,981 square kilometers, alongside regions with an exceedingly high risk of subsidence, encompassing 268 square kilometers, extending from the northwest to the southeast of the province (including the cities of Marand, Shabestar, Tabriz, Bostan Abad, Mirage, and the central area). Additionally, in the southwestern municipalities of the province (namely Banab, Malekan, and Ajabshir), there are hazardous zones where the threat of subsidence and potential damage to electrical installations necessitate serious consideration. An examination of the maps and data further reveals that a majority of groundwater extraction wells are situated in high-risk areas with considerable density. Investigations also indicate that agricultural activities predominantly characterize land use in high-risk areas, wherein the most significant drop in groundwater levels has been observed. In this investigation, by superimposing the province's power transmission network map with the final subsidence risk zoning map, it was ascertained that portions of the province's power grid facilities are located within high-risk zones concerning land subsidence.

Lar city witnessed a 6.1 Richter earthquake in 1960, which destroyed the city. Today, this city is the largest residential center of Larestan, with two dynamic parts of the old city in the northwest of the Lar plain and the new city after the destruction caused by the earthquake, located on the Tangeh Asad alluvial cone in the south of the plain. The research aims to investigate the physical vulnerability of old and new cities against earthquakes with macro and micro indicators and an analytical comparison of these two parts of the city. The statistical population of the research is the entire area, including all the neighborhoods of the old and new city of Lar. Data collection was done in the form of a field library, and the main data was collected from the Statistics Center and Lar Municipality census data. The analysis of the data was also carried out by weighting the indicators with the help of the Delphi technique and measuring importance with the opinion of experts, then weighting was done with the help of hierarchical models, and finally, with the data in the GIS software, maps of the vulnerability of the indicators and the final map of vulnerability were obtained. The results show that the level of vulnerability is very different among the localities, and the factors involved in these localities and the entire city are not equally effective, various reasons played a role in them, including the physical factors of the building and environmental physical factors, including services. The basic infrastructure of the city, including medical and health spaces. Examining the vulnerability indicators indicates that we need a strong and efficient management and organizational solution, as well as physical and environmental solutions, to reduce the vulnerability and increase the resilience of the city.

Tabriz is located a short distance from the fault north of Tabriz, which is one of the areas with a very high relative risk in earthquake risk. The region of 2 municipalities of Tabriz, where many scientific and tourism centers are located, is at risk of earthquakes. In this study, according to the possibility of earthquake crisis, the level of urban resilience and the response capacity of the district 2 of Tabriz were evaluated against earthquakes.

At first, the effective indicators in resilience were prepared by interview and nominal group method and Delphi technique and were categorized into 12 criteria. Next, the indices were weighted by ANP, the layers (indices) were superimposed with the SUM fuzzy. The neighborhoods of the region 2were clustered by SVM, in terms of resilience and the spatial pattern of the clusters was analyzed by Moran's autocorrelation model; The relationship between the indicators and the level of resilience was analyzed by the GWR model. Finally, SWAT technique and QSPM matrix were used to develop operational strategies for poor neighborhoods.

The results showed that the indicators of access to urban open spaces, urban impermeability and quality are the most important in resilience with fuzzy membership degrees of 0.174, 0.137 and 0.137 respectively. Approximately 35% of the district 2 of Tabriz has weak resilience against earthquakes, but about 65% has moderate to almost adequate resilience. The weak neighborhoods are related to the north-western neighborhoods (Golbad, Halmeh, Qorkhaneh, Shahid Montazeri and Gol-Gasht) and the suitable neighborhoods are Tabriz University, Elahi Parast, Zafaranieh, Sari Zira, Abbas Mirza and Golshahr. Moran's model shows the confirmation of the urban resilience clustering model of the region against earthquakes. The coefficients of the GWR model indicate the validity and accuracy of the model for predicting the level of resilience. The results of the SWAT technique show that the studied factors are placed in the district 2 of Tabriz and in the fifth house (V) that the residents of the neighborhoods of district 2 of Tabriz in terms of being able to deal with the earthquake in the condition is medium to low. The strategies are also aggressive (SO) and its goal is to make maximum use of external opportunities with internal strengths and in this way maintain the external factors of the current conditions and grow and strengthen these conditions in the future.

The urban resilience evaluation framework and the preparation of spatial maps for resilience evaluation can be a practical guide to determine the strengths and weaknesses of a city against earthquakes. These results can help planners in spatial planning and urban environment. In addition, authorities can use the results to develop disaster risk reduction programs and policies. They can use the framework introduced in this study to identify areas of vulnerability that should be prioritized during resilience efforts.

Earthquake should be considered as one of the most prevalent and destructive natural disasters that all the countries of the world, especially Iran, face with. Therefore, it is important to evaluate urban resilience against earthquakes. Urban resilience is a new and under researched concept in urban studies and urban planning. Accordingly, it is necessary to evaluate the resilience of the city of Islamabad Gharb, like any other city, against earthquakes. It seems that considering and resorting to some sources we can understand the vulnerability of Iranian cities. It is necessary to use a suitable model and various types of spatial and non-spatial data. Moreover, the analyses related to the geographic information system and most importantly, the review and analysis of the current global experiences should be considered. Taking these issues into account, we can achieve the risk map of Iranian cities against earthquakes. Additionally, by making the necessary preparations, this phenomenon can be turned into a planned process in crisis management caused by natural hazards. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the resilience of the city of Islamabad Gharb against the risk of earthquakes. For this purpose, the integrated model of Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) and fuzzy Gamma operator (Gamma) were used. Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP) was applied for weighting the variables. The final goal was to see the status of urban resilience against earthquakes in Islamabad Gharb.

This applied research used a descriptive-analytical method. For this study many resources were used including documentary and library studies, information about and provided by the municipality of Islamabad Gharb city, and other reports including studies that were previously conducted in this field on the city. Moreover, the studies and plans that have been carried out by the deputy of planning of the governorate should be added to the sources. Two integrated models of Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) and fuzzy Gamma operator (Gamma) were used to evaluate the resilience of the city of Islamabad Gharb against earthquakes. Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP) was also used to weight the variables. For evaluating the resilience of the city against the earthquake, two integrated models of WLC and gamma with values ​​of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.9 were used and the final maps on five classes (very low, low, medium, high, and very high level of resilience) were prepared. Moreover, for evaluating the accurancy and correctness of the final maps produced by the two models, the results of total quality index (QS) were used.

Total quality index (QS) was applied for ensuring the accuracy of WLC models and fuzzy gamma operators of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.9 to prepare earthquake resilience zoning map. Higher QS of zoning model or method indicates that the calculations and predictions for resilience zoning map are highly accurate. By using the QS we can measure the accuracy of the calculations related to the WLC model and fuzzy gamma operators. Moreover, the QS value of each resilience class related to each of the mentioned models can be obtained separately. In addition to these two cases, it is possible to compare the accuracy and correctness of calculations related to each resilience class with the accuracy and correctness of calculations of other resilience classes. The QS values for very low, low, medium, high and very high resilience classes related to the zoning map created by WLC model, respectively, were 0.007, 0.293, 0.001, 0.247 and 0.063. The QS value of "low" resilience class (0.293) is higher than the QS value of other resilience classes. This can be interpreted that the calculations related to the area of ​​the low resilience class have been done with more precision and accuracy than other resilience classes. The following classes are high, very high, very low and medium resilience classes. Moreover, the QS for the WLC model is the algebraic sum of the QS values ​​for very low, low, medium, high and very high resilience classes. Taking into account the QS, the accuracy and correctness of the WLC model for the preparation of resilience zoning map against earthquake risk for the city of Islamabad Gharb was 0.611.

The QS index can be used to calculate the accuracy of the performed calculations related to the WLC model and fuzzy gamma operators. It is also possible to obtain the QS value of each resilience class related to each of these two models separately. Moreover, the precision and accuracy of calculations of each resilience class can be compared with the precision and accuracy of calculations of other resilience classes. QS value for the very low, low, medium, high, and very high resilience classes pertaining to the zoning map created by WLC model were, respectively, 0.007, 0.293, 0.001, 0.247, and 0.063. The QS value of low resilience class (0.293) is higher than the QS value of other resilience classes. We may interpret it that the calculations pertaining to the low resilience class have been done with more precision and accuracy than the calculation of other resilience classes. Other classes are, respectively, high, very high, very low, and medium resilience classes. Moreover, the QS for the WLC model is the algebraic sum of QS values ​​for the very low, low, medium, high, and very high resilience classes. Taking the QS, the precision and accuracy of the WLC model in preparing the zoning map of resilience against earthquake risk for Islamabad Gharb city is 0.611.

Today's metropolises are always exposed to damage caused by natural hazards for various reasons. These risks require immediate prevention and measures due to the many human and financial damages. One of the most destructive and common natural disasters is the earthquake, which has caused the greatest damage to human society from the past to the present day.Several studies have been conducted in relation to the resilience and management of natural hazards at home and abroad; Among these studies, we can refer to the researches of Ebrahimzadeh et al. with the title of analysis on the vulnerability caused by earthquakes with emphasis on providing the optimal model for the location of special uses for health care and education, a case study of the worn out fabric of Tabriz city. Mansour Naimi et al.'s research titled "Earthquake Risk Microzoning with Fuzzy Hierarchy Analysis Model in Zone 1 of Ahvaz Metropolis", Alexander with a research titled "Resilience against Earthquake", Kusumastoti et al. Natural Indonesia as well as the doctoral thesis of Boston in relation to building resilience through design with the approach of improving the efficiency of hospitals after earthquakes.Resilience as a concept can be used for any community and any type of disorder, whether natural, man-made or a combination of the two. The definition of resilience includes: 1. The ability of a system to absorb damage and loss, without going out of normal state 2. The ability of a system to organize and reorganize itself in different conditions 3. The ability of a system to increase and create Capacity to learn and strengthen its adaptability.Vulnerability is the possibility that a person or group is exposed to the incompatible effects of a hazard, which is actually an interaction between spatial hazards and social forms of societies.One of the goals of this project is to provide solutions to improve resilience according to the results and the strengths and weaknesses of Khalkhal city. Knowing the characteristics of the resilient city, measuring the level of urban resilience and also determining the effective methods of evaluating the resilience of Khalkhal city are among the main reasons for conducting the present research.

The method of collecting information in this research is mainly field and library method was also used during the research. In this research, first, the theoretical framework of the research was done by collecting information using documentary studies.In the following, in order to check the degree of resilience of the studied cities by examining previous researches, criteria and sub-criteria of resilience were determined; Then, in order to analyze the data, from weighting to the research indicators, the ANP network analysis model was used in the form of Super Decision software, and in the Arc GIS environment, after preparing a vulnerability map for each criterion, using the technique of layer weighting and scoring the main and sub criteria. Its criteria have been used to prepare the final map of the natural index of Khalkhal city in Arc GIS software.Considering that some criteria are more important than other criteria and had a decisive role in the physical resilience of the city, a questionnaire was prepared to determine the relative importance of each of the indicators and it was distributed and completed among 15 expert experts.

It should be mentioned here that in order to evaluate the natural resilience of Khalkhal city, all the layers and sub-criteria effective in the natural resilience of the region, which was the result of applying the weights obtained from ANP in the GIS environment, were analyzed and integrated, and then after standardizing all the indicators and using From the weight obtained from the network analysis model (ANP), standard balanced maps were prepared and finally zoning of resilient urban spaces. Therefore, at this stage, the resilience of the natural dimension was calculated using the Raster Calculator tool to be used in the final zoning of this dimension of resilience. This process was carried out for each index, and finally, the general natural resilience map of Khalkhal city, which is the result of combining 8 sub-criteria of the research, was extracted.

In the researches that are formed with the aim of analyzing the state of resilience, the most important issue that should be paid attention to is the analysis of vulnerability and the recognition of upcoming threats in order to identify the capacity and capabilities of resilience. The city of Khalkhal has little resilience against the earthquake crisis due to its geographical and tectonic location, numerous active faults, the irregular growth of the city in the boundaries of the faults and unstable lands, so planning to deal with this risk is considered vital. The current research aims to measure and evaluate the natural resilience of Khalkhal city against different earthquake intensities and to achieve the first step of planning to deal with the earthquake crisis, which is to identify the overall resilience of the city. In this research, using standard indicators, the degree of vulnerability of Khalkhal city has been determined, and taking into account the results of the methods and combining them with the geographic information system, the vulnerability map of the city has been drawn. According to the final map, which is the output of GIS software, it can be said that the western part of the city is naturally highly vulnerable. In the current research, it was determined that the conditions in the western part of Khalkhal city are critical and during an earthquake, the number of casualties and financial damages will be high. Finally, in this thesis, the obtained results showed that the method used in the research was able to evaluate the studied area well and showed the vulnerable parts, which mostly include the western areas of Khalkhal city, in the final map.

One of the ever-threatening problems of human settlements is the occurrence of accidents that cause irreparable damage to various aspects of human life. One of the most common risks is drought, which is very frequent especially in arid and semi-arid regions and has caused widespread effects on a wide range of ecosystems around the world. Agricultural activities in Iran are highly dependent on weather conditions. Due to the importance of agriculture in Zanjan, the severity of the effects of drought is also more prominent. The purpose of the above research is to determine the level of the economic resilience indicators of the studied villages and which of the economic resilience indicators have the greatest effects of drought. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The method of collecting information is library and field (questionnaire), the method of data analysis is descriptive and inferential. The statistical population of the above research is 30 villages of Mahenshan county. After examining the drought situation using the SPI index, economic resilience indices were extracted and evaluated. The data collected in SPSS software were analyzed with binomial tests, t-test and exploratory factor analysis. Considering the positive result of the one-sample t test and the significance level is less than 0.05, it is determined that the state of the economic dimension is in a favorable state; In other words, there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of the economic dimension. The results of the factor analysis test showed that the employment factor is the most important factor affecting economic resilience in rural areas. The specific value of this factor is 5.472, which alone is able to calculate and explain 34.198 percent of the variance.The occurrence of drought in the studied villages has caused a decrease in the level of economic resilience in the study area and the most unfavorable indicators of resilience in the economic dimension are related to the index of receiving credits and loans related to drought with 1.00% and the extension of the installment repayment period due to the presence of drought with 0.99% and the possibility of changing jobs after the drought is 0.98%.

The present study investigates the dimensions and classification of flood resilience indicators of Ahvaz Sayyahi and Eyn-e Do neighbourhoods. It employed an applied-theoretical research design and descriptive-analytical research method. A One-sample t-test, independent t-test, and Friedman test were used to classify the indicators. Via a purposive sampling method, 380 heads of households living in these selected neighbourhoods were selected as participants. Regression analysis was performed on the healthcare, hospital, arterial roads, fire stations, construction type, neighbourhood texture type indicators to investigate the effects of flood resilience in the study areas. The spatial autocorrelation of the Weights Manager instrument in Geoda software and the ArcGis software were used to weigh the indicators and spatial data. The research results show a difference between the studied areas in terms of flood resilience indicators. The institutional resilience mean of Eyn-e Do neighbourhood was 79.49, and of Sayyahi neighbourhood was 84.22, indicating that the institutional resilience of Sayyahi neighbourhood was higher than that of Eyn-e Do neighbourhood. Also, according to the t-test results and based on the significance level (Sig.) less than 0.05, there is a significant difference between Sayyahi and Eyn-e Do neighbourhoods regarding the economic-institutional resilience indicator

Climate change is an undeniable fact whose consequences are different depending on the geographical area and social, economic and political conditions. Over the years, some incorrect suggestions of designers and subsequent wrong decisions of the managers and officials of the complex systems of Urmia Lake Basin have had irreparable effects in various areas related to residence and activity. In other words, environmental, economic and social damages caused by the implementation of large-scale projects, along with the irreparable consequences of climate change, have made the ecosystem and social and economic life of this metropolis face a serious risk. The current research is one of the applied researches, which has been conducted with the aim of evaluating the opinion of local stakeholders facing the consequences of climate change and its effects on the structure of population resilience and activity in the metropolis of Urmia, based on indicators derived from the theoretical foundations of resilience. In this research, a qualitative method was used in the stages of collecting opinions, and a quantitative approach including exploratory factor analysis and T-test was used in the stage of discovering ideas or mentality and measuring the current situation. According to the results, in prioritizing the most important four cognitive patterns; Shortage of water resources, drought and intermittent meteorological disasters, extensive change and conversion of land cover (land use), instability of ecological resources and failure to return to balance, and in the most important feedbacks of stakeholders, respectively, extensive change and conversion of land cover (land use), lack of adaptive capacity or Adaptation, environmental sustainability and physical sustainability have had the most weight. According to the results of the t-test, the situation of the thought patterns of local stakeholders in facing the consequences of climate change based on the first and fourth factor (thoughts) (widespread change and transformation of land cover (land use) and environmental sustainability) in the lake basin and Urmia metropolis is not favorable. This is while the factors of adaptation capacity or adaptation and return to balance are in a much more unfavorable situation.

Population growth and urbanization are two primary factors in increasing the risk of flooding in urban areas. Along with the increasing urbanization in many cities, changes in land use have led to an increase in the volume of surface runoff and a change in the flood regimes of rivers. Therefore, urban flooding is one of the risks that directly and indirectly have harmful effects. It has entered various cities in Iran. Since resilience thought provides a comprehensive understanding of the conditions by combining different components, it can be fruitful in creating urban flood risk management tools. To be able to effectively use the concept of resilience in the process of decision-making and management of urban floods, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the city's resilience against flood risk. Despite this, the measurement of resilience in urban environments against floods faces a serious challenge due to the lack of transparency in the field of methodological approaches. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the approaches and methods with a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies conducted in the field of assessing the resilience of urban environments against floods. According to the findings of the research, the methods of assessing the resilience of urban environments against floods are divided into three categories: quantitative, semi-quantitative, and qualitative. Qualitative methods have less diversity than quantitative methods and often include interviewing methods and theoretical conceptual frameworks. The majority of evaluation methods in this field are quantitative and semi-quantitative methods, which can be placed in two widely used categories, i.e. simulation-based methods and indexing-based methods. In the simulation-based approach, hydrological modeling and flood simulation are generally used. Methods based on indexing have been developed in different ways, but they generally follow the same principles and can be used to analyze the resilience of other types of risks in geographic areas.

Today, biophilic design has become popular among urban planners to preserve nature and natural elements in urban spaces. This concept is basically a biologically diverse city full of green spaces where citizens can see a very diverse plant life in the normal flow of work and leisure. The statistical population of the present study is made up of the citizens of the first district of Tehran, and the sample size of 384 people was calculated using Cochran's formula and using the purposeful sampling method. The purpose of this research is to measure the physical resilience of inner-city areas against environmental hazards with the approach of biophilic city in the first district of Tehran. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on library and field studies. The validity of the questionnaires has also been confirmed by experts in the field of urban planning. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the reliability of the questionnaires, which is equal to 0.841 in this research. The information obtained from the field studies has been analyzed using Spss. The results of the research showed that among the indices of physical resilience, the index of environmental sustainability and among the indices of the biophilic city, the index of institutions and government have high importance and coefficient; Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to these indicators by considering their importance for the realization and promotion of physical resilience in the direction of biophilic urban development.

The importance of industry and its role in a country’s economic growth has been considered as one of the most important economic issues by researchers. In the meantime, the development of industry in Yazd Ostan and the over-establishment of industries in the Yazd-Ardakan plain have caused damage to water resources and increased pollution in this region. This study aims to investigate the resilience of water resources in the Yazd Ardakan plain in terms of industry establishment. In this research, industrial development has been analyzed, at different levels, using dynamic modeling in Vensim Software in the form of system dynamics analysis. The proposed model described industrial development, and using the simulation process, its behavior has been predicted in the next years. The model simulation results showed that the lack of development of large and water-intensive industrial projects in the region would cause the lowest amount of water resources loss in the Yazd-Ardakan Plain. They were determined as effective solutions to improve the resilience of water resources in the Yazd Ardakan plain.

Given the significant social disruptions caused by natural disasters in urban areas fostering social resilience as a capability not only helps to maintain the initial performance of cities, but also contributes to their post-disaster improvement and prosperity. This study focused on evaluating the indicators of social resilience in the historical neighborhood of Sorkhab in Tabriz as these historical areas were among the most vulnerable parts of the city and played a crucial role in restoring normal social conditions. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach in terms of its nature and methodology. In the analysis section, SPSS software was utilized, employing one-way variance and sample t-test methods to examine the impacts of gender, age, and education on the three functional, social, and cultural dimensions. Furthermore, the most influential indicators were investigated using multivariate regression analysis. The research findings highlighted that the indicators of creating an inclusive urban space for all segments of society, fostering a sense of belonging and hope for the future of the neighborhood, were the most influential factors in promoting social resilience. Moreover, enhancing resilience in the face of crises necessitated increasing social interactions and raising people's awareness. Therefore, establishing a platform that fostered social interactions within the neighborhood and served as a hub for activities could expedite the neighborhood's recovery process during times of crisis. 

Given the rapid population growth in cities, it is crucial to prioritize the social and administrative processes associated with urban functioning and evaluate residents' resilience to natural hazards (Hook et al., 2020: 98). Cities should be designed in a manner that minimizes risks, builds resilience, and enables swift recovery from disasters (Burton, 2015). Natural disasters have profound social repercussions in cities, making it imperative to promote social resilience as a capability that not only maintains cities' initial performance, but also fosters their post-disaster improvement and prosperity (Brown et al., 2012: 24). Resilient cities possess the ability to respond effectively to risks and stresses (Maguire et al., 2007: 16). However, in most studies on urban resilience, there is a relatively limited focus on assessing social and economic resilience compared to infrastructure, environmental, and institutional resilience (Sharifi, 2020). Social resilience aims to enhance the capacity to adapt to change, effectively navigate unexpected circumstances, and emphasize the significance of social relationships and individuals' sense of belonging to their living environment. Considering the vulnerability of historical neighborhoods, which are of significant importance, restoration of these areas to their desired living conditions is heavily influenced by their social status. Due to their age and lack of maintenance, historical neighborhoods often suffer from a diminished sense of belonging among residents. Additionally, these neighborhoods tend to attract individuals with limited financial means, who promptly relocate to better circumstances, indicating a lack of identity. The lack of social cohesion in such neighborhoods contributes to their limited resilience in the social dimension, necessitating a redesign that enhances neighborhood identity, social cohesion, and solidarity. The historical neighborhood of Sorkhab in Tabriz is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city. However, this neighborhood has faced challenges related to deteriorating identity and neglected social relations. During natural disasters or other man-made issues, the social damages observed at the neighborhood level and dissatisfaction of residents with social conditions are indicative of the neighborhood's inability to adapt to changes. This is primarily due to the insufficient solidarity, sense of belonging, and participation among residents, which are essential social assets for fostering resistance and resilience against sudden changes. Consequently, the current conditions have failed to meet the residents’ social needs. Therefore, the aim of this research was to explore the components of social resilience in the historical context of Sorkhab Neighborhood in Tabriz. By utilizing the findings and results of this study, urban design projects could be informed to enhance the quality of urban spaces and promote social resilience.
 

This research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach in terms of its nature and methodology. The required information and data were gathered through a comprehensive review of relevant literature using library sources. The extracted indicators and criteria were then analyzed. Some criteria did not necessitate a questionnaire or collection of people's opinions. Therefore, the analysis and interpretation of these indicators and criteria in Sorkhab Neighborhood were conducted through field sampling and observation methods. However, certain criteria required a questionnaire and inclusion of people's opinions. To collect the opinions of individuals residing in the historical context of Sorkhab Neighborhood regarding social resilience, a survey was administered in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed using a Likert scale. To assess the impact of gender, age, and education on the functional, social, and cultural dimensions (excluding the physical dimension, which did not require a questionnaire), one-way variance tests and t-tests were employed. Furthermore, the most influential indicators were examined using multivariate regression analysis. Based on the questionnaire results and tests, solutions were proposed to enhance social resilience. The compiled questionnaire evaluated the dimensions and components identified in the previous sections from the perspective of the citizens. It included individual questions concerning age, gender, education, as well as questions related to functional, cultural, and social aspects, which were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very low" to "very high". SPSS software was utilized to perform one-way variance tests and one-sample t-tests, enabling the investigation of the effects of gender, age, and education on the three dimensions. The sampling method employed was completely random with residents of the neighborhood being surveyed. Sorkhab Neighborhood had a population of 1204 individuals and 384 households. Based on Cochran's test, with an error rate of 0.063, 200 questionnaires were completed. The highest frequency of respondents was male accounting for 61%, while the lowest frequency was female at 44%.
 

The overall findings of the analysis revealed that, with the exception of criteria, such as access to services, a sense of belonging, and unity among residents, the neighborhood did not exhibit favorable conditions across the remaining criteria. These results emphasized the importance of enhancing residents' awareness in both functional and social dimensions with age being a significant influencing factor in the social dimension. Therefore, when setting goals for these dimensions, it was crucial to consider the preferences and tastes of each generation. The factor of gender played a notable role in the cultural dimension, highlighting the need for establishing fairness between the two gender groups.
Among all the criteria, the sense of belonging and hope for the neighborhood's future had the greatest impact on increasing social resilience. On the other hand, the criterion of creating social groups to address neighborhood issues demonstrated the least influence. Among the various dimensions, the cultural dimension exerted the most significant impact on social resilience, demanding greater attention compared to the other dimensions. In terms of the physical aspect, it was evident that Sorkhab Neighborhood lacked designated spaces for residents. The limited number of activities within the neighborhood could be attributed to the presence of abandoned spaces predominantly used as parking lots, which failed to attract people and consequently have a low level of utilization. The aging buildings in the neighborhood, due to its historical nature, rendered many of them uninhabitable. Furthermore, the narrow width of local roads compromised the safety of both residents and users within the neighborhood. Overall, the physical condition of the neighborhood was unsatisfactory, posing significant challenges for residents and creating hazardous conditions during crises and even in normal circumstances.
 

In this study, the scholars’ opinions were examined and the indicators of social resilience were extracted and investigated in the historical neighborhood of Sorkhab, Tabriz. The findings indicated that the functional dimension was influenced by the factor of education, while the social dimension was influenced by both age and education. The cultural dimension emerged as the most influential dimension with age and gender exerting an impact on this dimension. Among the indicators, creating an inclusive urban space, fostering a sense of belonging, and instilling hope for the neighborhood's future were found to be the most influential factors contributing to social resilience.
The results highlighted the importance of increasing social interactions and raising awareness to enhance resilience in the face of crises. By improving educational and informational opportunities for all residents of the neighborhood and creating safe spaces that facilitate social interaction and presence, it is possible to directly improve social resilience and foster a stronger sense of membership and pride. The sense of belonging and hope for the future of the neighborhood are particularly impactful. Therefore, establishing a platform that promotes social interactions and serves as a hub for neighborhood activities would lead to a swift restoration of the neighborhood during times of crisis. Additionally, providing necessary psychological support training to influential individuals within the neighborhood during crises can be effective in encouraging and reassuring residents.

Nowadays, infrastructure systems such as power grids play a very important role in human life. Due to climate changes in recent years, unexpected events have increased and intensified. And these incidents can affect the performance of energy infrastructure. One of the most important consequences of these incidents is widespread and long-term power outages. The possibility of these incidents is very high due to the spread and dispersion of electricity distribution networks. Therefore, the concept of network resilience is very important. System resilience is the system's ability to minimize the negative effects of destructive events. Therefore, resilience is based on adaptability, durability, and reversibility when faced with unforeseen events. The main goal of this research is to formulate a general policy for the resilience of the power distribution network in the management of the flood crisis using the qualitative method of theme analysis. In this research, a semi-structured interview tool is used to collect information. In this article, by presenting a conceptual model, it was proved that the themes of environmental shock, economic system, cultural and social system, management system, crisis management and technical system and infrastructures are on the line. Resilience policies of power distribution networks are effective. And by considering them, policy makers can help the resilience of the network in times of crisis. 

Rural areas are always faced with various natural disasters, including earthquakes. So far, in order to deal with this natural disaster in order to reduce its negative effects and consequences, various approaches have been proposed, one of which is resilience. Resilience as one of the important components in the stability of rural areas expresses the capacity to respond to challenges or damages over time. Therefore, in the present research, the determination and analysis of the resilience of the rural areas of Shiraz County against earthquakes has been done. The research method is descriptive, analytical, and based on survey and documentary methods. The dominant approach is survey research and some of the required information has been collected using the documentary method. In terms of location, the statistical population of this research is the villages located in Shiraz County and the researched population includes rural residents. According to the criterion of distance from the fault, number of population and spatial distribution, 10 villages were selected as sample villages of the research and using Cochran's method, 340 households were determined as the sample size of the research. Statistical methods (descriptive and inferential) and SAW method have been used for data processing The results of the research showed that the resilience of the studied rural areas against the occurrence of earthquakes is at a low level(Test Value=147 & Mean=134.95) and there is a significant difference between the villages in terms of resilience dimensions. Also, the results indicate the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the state of resilience and contextual variables (age, occupation, education, length of residence and satisfaction with living in the village) and with the two components of distance from Shiraz city and the number of facilities and services.

Increasing natural and human hazards, especially in developing countries, have led to more attention being paid to concepts such as vulnerability and resilience. The aim of this study was to investigate the resilience of Bandar Abbas city in environmental dimensions and components and to present an urban management strategy. The population and the statistical sample of the study include experts in urban planning issues who have been selected and questioned as purposeful samples (20 people). Prioritization of environmental indicators and components; Presenting a strategy by experts to improve the resilience of Bandar Abbas.Most of the researches in Iran have been done in terms of social and economic vulnerability, but in the present study, the relationship between ecosystem literacy and environmental indicators has been investigated. Assessing urban resilience in this research can be considered as a new method in urban management. The results of the survey show: The urban resilience situation of Bandar Abbas with the calculated value of 3.29 is favorable and in a good situation in the face of environmental crises. Finally, Friedman test has been used to rank the indicators and environmental components of Bandar Abbas and urban management strategies have been presented using the opinion of experts to improve the resilience of Bandar Abbas.

Today, the adverse effects of climate change and the resulting damages have become an environmental, social and economic problem. Evaluating the resilience of local communities against climate change and its limitations and obstacles is an important step for identifying effective mechanisms and prioritizing management that promotes flexibility and increases adaptation capacity. Due to the importance of this issue, the current research aims to identify the limitations of coping. and resilience against the risks caused by climate change was carried out in Zahedan city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and its method is descriptive-analytical. The tool for collecting data and information was a researcher-made questionnaire from the study area. The statistical population was the rural households of Zahedan city, which due to the dispersion of villages and their large number, 12 villages (2 villages from each village) were randomly selected as sample villages. According to 832 households of the studied society and using Cochran's formula, the sample size of 263 households was obtained, which was increased to 265 households. In order to analyze the data, ISDM method was used in SPSS software and structural equation method in LISREL software. The results showed that 12.83% of residents have weak perception, 23.02% have moderate perception, 35.85% have strong perception and 28.30% have very strong perception of climate change. Also, the physical factor (factor load 0.941), social factor (factor load 0.922) and economic factor (factor load 0.895) are the most important limitations of resilience against the risks caused by climate change in Zahedan city.

The neighborhoods of the historical context of the cities have been disintegrated over time; So that it has put a lot of pressure on the cities and made them suffer from premature fragility. The aim of this research was to analyze the fragility in 24 neighborhoods of the historical context of Urmia city. The type of research is applied and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The analyzed data were collected through a survey and using a questionnaire from a statistical sample consisting of 30 experts. 14 indicators have been selected based on the opinions of elites and the availability of information, and information layers have been created for them in GIS software. FUCOM method was used to calculate the weight of indicators and CoCoSo decision method was used for data analysis. The results show that in the historical context of Urmia city, 8% of the range is located in the very low fragility zone, 21% in the low fragility zone, 29% in the medium fragility zone, 28% in the high fragility zone and 14% in the very high fragility zone. Darvishlar, Aghdash, Doshabchikhana, Khanbaghi and Khanbabakhan neighborhoods are in the zone of very high fragility, Sahiyeh, Jarchibashi, Tandirchilar, Shurshora and Hezaran neighborhoods are in the high fragility zone, Bazarbash, Argh, Delgosha, Yurdshahi and Nogechar neighborhoods are in the medium fragility zone, Yedidarman, Agh Zamilar, Seyedjavad, Mahdi-ul-Ghadam and Yunjaligh are located in the low fragility zone and Nayeb Asghar, Khatib, Qara-Aghaj and Davchilar neighborhoods are located in the very low fragility zone.

The justice-oriented city has emerged with the rapid growth of urbanization, and its physical manifestations begin with the concepts of unequal access to urban services, social, cultural, political and economic capitals, etc. The emergence of risk-taking models with different natural and human contexts in cities has brought the discussion of resilience into the scope of urban concepts. The purpose of the current research is to explain spatial justice in physical resilience of District 6 of Karaj metropolis. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and using Smart PLS model and Spss software based on documentary-field data. The results show the fact that there is little relationship between the population dispersion and the distribution of urban services in the studied area. The results of the Kolmogrof-Smironov test and the normality of the data distribution, from the one-sample T-test (T-test) in Spss software, in improving the physical resilience of the area, considering the realization of spatial justice and considering that the coefficient The significance (sig) calculated for the research indicators at the confidence level of 95% (less than the permissible level) is -5%, it can be stated that these indicators are against the physical resilience of the range with the Realization of spatial justice is not at a suitable level. According to the result obtained from the Smart PLS model, the fit of this model is confirmed by using the SMRM test, and the research indicators are ranked and shows a suitable pattern for improving the current situation and reaching the desired situation.