جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « resilience » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Today's metropolises are always exposed to damage caused by natural hazards for various reasons. These risks require immediate prevention and measures due to the many human and financial damages. One of the most destructive and common natural disasters is the earthquake, which has caused the greatest damage to human society from the past to the present day.Several studies have been conducted in relation to the resilience and management of natural hazards at home and abroad; Among these studies, we can refer to the researches of Ebrahimzadeh et al. with the title of analysis on the vulnerability caused by earthquakes with emphasis on providing the optimal model for the location of special uses for health care and education, a case study of the worn out fabric of Tabriz city. Mansour Naimi et al.'s research titled "Earthquake Risk Microzoning with Fuzzy Hierarchy Analysis Model in Zone 1 of Ahvaz Metropolis", Alexander with a research titled "Resilience against Earthquake", Kusumastoti et al. Natural Indonesia as well as the doctoral thesis of Boston in relation to building resilience through design with the approach of improving the efficiency of hospitals after earthquakes.Resilience as a concept can be used for any community and any type of disorder, whether natural, man-made or a combination of the two. The definition of resilience includes: 1. The ability of a system to absorb damage and loss, without going out of normal state 2. The ability of a system to organize and reorganize itself in different conditions 3. The ability of a system to increase and create Capacity to learn and strengthen its adaptability.Vulnerability is the possibility that a person or group is exposed to the incompatible effects of a hazard, which is actually an interaction between spatial hazards and social forms of societies.One of the goals of this project is to provide solutions to improve resilience according to the results and the strengths and weaknesses of Khalkhal city. Knowing the characteristics of the resilient city, measuring the level of urban resilience and also determining the effective methods of evaluating the resilience of Khalkhal city are among the main reasons for conducting the present research.

The method of collecting information in this research is mainly field and library method was also used during the research. In this research, first, the theoretical framework of the research was done by collecting information using documentary studies.In the following, in order to check the degree of resilience of the studied cities by examining previous researches, criteria and sub-criteria of resilience were determined; Then, in order to analyze the data, from weighting to the research indicators, the ANP network analysis model was used in the form of Super Decision software, and in the Arc GIS environment, after preparing a vulnerability map for each criterion, using the technique of layer weighting and scoring the main and sub criteria. Its criteria have been used to prepare the final map of the natural index of Khalkhal city in Arc GIS software.Considering that some criteria are more important than other criteria and had a decisive role in the physical resilience of the city, a questionnaire was prepared to determine the relative importance of each of the indicators and it was distributed and completed among 15 expert experts.

It should be mentioned here that in order to evaluate the natural resilience of Khalkhal city, all the layers and sub-criteria effective in the natural resilience of the region, which was the result of applying the weights obtained from ANP in the GIS environment, were analyzed and integrated, and then after standardizing all the indicators and using From the weight obtained from the network analysis model (ANP), standard balanced maps were prepared and finally zoning of resilient urban spaces. Therefore, at this stage, the resilience of the natural dimension was calculated using the Raster Calculator tool to be used in the final zoning of this dimension of resilience. This process was carried out for each index, and finally, the general natural resilience map of Khalkhal city, which is the result of combining 8 sub-criteria of the research, was extracted.

In the researches that are formed with the aim of analyzing the state of resilience, the most important issue that should be paid attention to is the analysis of vulnerability and the recognition of upcoming threats in order to identify the capacity and capabilities of resilience. The city of Khalkhal has little resilience against the earthquake crisis due to its geographical and tectonic location, numerous active faults, the irregular growth of the city in the boundaries of the faults and unstable lands, so planning to deal with this risk is considered vital. The current research aims to measure and evaluate the natural resilience of Khalkhal city against different earthquake intensities and to achieve the first step of planning to deal with the earthquake crisis, which is to identify the overall resilience of the city. In this research, using standard indicators, the degree of vulnerability of Khalkhal city has been determined, and taking into account the results of the methods and combining them with the geographic information system, the vulnerability map of the city has been drawn. According to the final map, which is the output of GIS software, it can be said that the western part of the city is naturally highly vulnerable. In the current research, it was determined that the conditions in the western part of Khalkhal city are critical and during an earthquake, the number of casualties and financial damages will be high. Finally, in this thesis, the obtained results showed that the method used in the research was able to evaluate the studied area well and showed the vulnerable parts, which mostly include the western areas of Khalkhal city, in the final map.

One of the ever-threatening problems of human settlements is the occurrence of accidents that cause irreparable damage to various aspects of human life. One of the most common risks is drought, which is very frequent especially in arid and semi-arid regions and has caused widespread effects on a wide range of ecosystems around the world. Agricultural activities in Iran are highly dependent on weather conditions. Due to the importance of agriculture in Zanjan, the severity of the effects of drought is also more prominent. The purpose of the above research is to determine the level of the economic resilience indicators of the studied villages and which of the economic resilience indicators have the greatest effects of drought. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The method of collecting information is library and field (questionnaire), the method of data analysis is descriptive and inferential. The statistical population of the above research is 30 villages of Mahenshan county. After examining the drought situation using the SPI index, economic resilience indices were extracted and evaluated. The data collected in SPSS software were analyzed with binomial tests, t-test and exploratory factor analysis. Considering the positive result of the one-sample t test and the significance level is less than 0.05, it is determined that the state of the economic dimension is in a favorable state; In other words, there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of the economic dimension. The results of the factor analysis test showed that the employment factor is the most important factor affecting economic resilience in rural areas. The specific value of this factor is 5.472, which alone is able to calculate and explain 34.198 percent of the variance.The occurrence of drought in the studied villages has caused a decrease in the level of economic resilience in the study area and the most unfavorable indicators of resilience in the economic dimension are related to the index of receiving credits and loans related to drought with 1.00% and the extension of the installment repayment period due to the presence of drought with 0.99% and the possibility of changing jobs after the drought is 0.98%.

Climate change is an undeniable fact whose consequences are different depending on the geographical area and social, economic and political conditions. Over the years, some incorrect suggestions of designers and subsequent wrong decisions of the managers and officials of the complex systems of Urmia Lake Basin have had irreparable effects in various areas related to residence and activity. In other words, environmental, economic and social damages caused by the implementation of large-scale projects, along with the irreparable consequences of climate change, have made the ecosystem and social and economic life of this metropolis face a serious risk. The current research is one of the applied researches, which has been conducted with the aim of evaluating the opinion of local stakeholders facing the consequences of climate change and its effects on the structure of population resilience and activity in the metropolis of Urmia, based on indicators derived from the theoretical foundations of resilience. In this research, a qualitative method was used in the stages of collecting opinions, and a quantitative approach including exploratory factor analysis and T-test was used in the stage of discovering ideas or mentality and measuring the current situation. According to the results, in prioritizing the most important four cognitive patterns; Shortage of water resources, drought and intermittent meteorological disasters, extensive change and conversion of land cover (land use), instability of ecological resources and failure to return to balance, and in the most important feedbacks of stakeholders, respectively, extensive change and conversion of land cover (land use), lack of adaptive capacity or Adaptation, environmental sustainability and physical sustainability have had the most weight. According to the results of the t-test, the situation of the thought patterns of local stakeholders in facing the consequences of climate change based on the first and fourth factor (thoughts) (widespread change and transformation of land cover (land use) and environmental sustainability) in the lake basin and Urmia metropolis is not favorable. This is while the factors of adaptation capacity or adaptation and return to balance are in a much more unfavorable situation.

The present study investigates the dimensions and classification of flood resilience indicators of Ahvaz Sayyahi and Eyn-e Do neighbourhoods. It employed an applied-theoretical research design and descriptive-analytical research method. A One-sample t-test, independent t-test, and Friedman test were used to classify the indicators. Via a purposive sampling method, 380 heads of households living in these selected neighbourhoods were selected as participants. Regression analysis was performed on the healthcare, hospital, arterial roads, fire stations, construction type, neighbourhood texture type indicators to investigate the effects of flood resilience in the study areas. The spatial autocorrelation of the Weights Manager instrument in Geoda software and the ArcGis software were used to weigh the indicators and spatial data. The research results show a difference between the studied areas in terms of flood resilience indicators. The institutional resilience mean of Eyn-e Do neighbourhood was 79.49, and of Sayyahi neighbourhood was 84.22, indicating that the institutional resilience of Sayyahi neighbourhood was higher than that of Eyn-e Do neighbourhood. Also, according to the t-test results and based on the significance level (Sig.) less than 0.05, there is a significant difference between Sayyahi and Eyn-e Do neighbourhoods regarding the economic-institutional resilience indicator

Population growth and urbanization are two primary factors in increasing the risk of flooding in urban areas. Along with the increasing urbanization in many cities, changes in land use have led to an increase in the volume of surface runoff and a change in the flood regimes of rivers. Therefore, urban flooding is one of the risks that directly and indirectly have harmful effects. It has entered various cities in Iran. Since resilience thought provides a comprehensive understanding of the conditions by combining different components, it can be fruitful in creating urban flood risk management tools. To be able to effectively use the concept of resilience in the process of decision-making and management of urban floods, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the city's resilience against flood risk. Despite this, the measurement of resilience in urban environments against floods faces a serious challenge due to the lack of transparency in the field of methodological approaches. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the approaches and methods with a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies conducted in the field of assessing the resilience of urban environments against floods. According to the findings of the research, the methods of assessing the resilience of urban environments against floods are divided into three categories: quantitative, semi-quantitative, and qualitative. Qualitative methods have less diversity than quantitative methods and often include interviewing methods and theoretical conceptual frameworks. The majority of evaluation methods in this field are quantitative and semi-quantitative methods, which can be placed in two widely used categories, i.e. simulation-based methods and indexing-based methods. In the simulation-based approach, hydrological modeling and flood simulation are generally used. Methods based on indexing have been developed in different ways, but they generally follow the same principles and can be used to analyze the resilience of other types of risks in geographic areas.

Today, biophilic design has become popular among urban planners to preserve nature and natural elements in urban spaces. This concept is basically a biologically diverse city full of green spaces where citizens can see a very diverse plant life in the normal flow of work and leisure. The statistical population of the present study is made up of the citizens of the first district of Tehran, and the sample size of 384 people was calculated using Cochran's formula and using the purposeful sampling method. The purpose of this research is to measure the physical resilience of inner-city areas against environmental hazards with the approach of biophilic city in the first district of Tehran. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on library and field studies. The validity of the questionnaires has also been confirmed by experts in the field of urban planning. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the reliability of the questionnaires, which is equal to 0.841 in this research. The information obtained from the field studies has been analyzed using Spss. The results of the research showed that among the indices of physical resilience, the index of environmental sustainability and among the indices of the biophilic city, the index of institutions and government have high importance and coefficient; Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to these indicators by considering their importance for the realization and promotion of physical resilience in the direction of biophilic urban development.

Given the significant social disruptions caused by natural disasters in urban areas fostering social resilience as a capability not only helps to maintain the initial performance of cities, but also contributes to their post-disaster improvement and prosperity. This study focused on evaluating the indicators of social resilience in the historical neighborhood of Sorkhab in Tabriz as these historical areas were among the most vulnerable parts of the city and played a crucial role in restoring normal social conditions. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach in terms of its nature and methodology. In the analysis section, SPSS software was utilized, employing one-way variance and sample t-test methods to examine the impacts of gender, age, and education on the three functional, social, and cultural dimensions. Furthermore, the most influential indicators were investigated using multivariate regression analysis. The research findings highlighted that the indicators of creating an inclusive urban space for all segments of society, fostering a sense of belonging and hope for the future of the neighborhood, were the most influential factors in promoting social resilience. Moreover, enhancing resilience in the face of crises necessitated increasing social interactions and raising people's awareness. Therefore, establishing a platform that fostered social interactions within the neighborhood and served as a hub for activities could expedite the neighborhood's recovery process during times of crisis. 

Given the rapid population growth in cities, it is crucial to prioritize the social and administrative processes associated with urban functioning and evaluate residents' resilience to natural hazards (Hook et al., 2020: 98). Cities should be designed in a manner that minimizes risks, builds resilience, and enables swift recovery from disasters (Burton, 2015). Natural disasters have profound social repercussions in cities, making it imperative to promote social resilience as a capability that not only maintains cities' initial performance, but also fosters their post-disaster improvement and prosperity (Brown et al., 2012: 24). Resilient cities possess the ability to respond effectively to risks and stresses (Maguire et al., 2007: 16). However, in most studies on urban resilience, there is a relatively limited focus on assessing social and economic resilience compared to infrastructure, environmental, and institutional resilience (Sharifi, 2020). Social resilience aims to enhance the capacity to adapt to change, effectively navigate unexpected circumstances, and emphasize the significance of social relationships and individuals' sense of belonging to their living environment. Considering the vulnerability of historical neighborhoods, which are of significant importance, restoration of these areas to their desired living conditions is heavily influenced by their social status. Due to their age and lack of maintenance, historical neighborhoods often suffer from a diminished sense of belonging among residents. Additionally, these neighborhoods tend to attract individuals with limited financial means, who promptly relocate to better circumstances, indicating a lack of identity. The lack of social cohesion in such neighborhoods contributes to their limited resilience in the social dimension, necessitating a redesign that enhances neighborhood identity, social cohesion, and solidarity. The historical neighborhood of Sorkhab in Tabriz is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city. However, this neighborhood has faced challenges related to deteriorating identity and neglected social relations. During natural disasters or other man-made issues, the social damages observed at the neighborhood level and dissatisfaction of residents with social conditions are indicative of the neighborhood's inability to adapt to changes. This is primarily due to the insufficient solidarity, sense of belonging, and participation among residents, which are essential social assets for fostering resistance and resilience against sudden changes. Consequently, the current conditions have failed to meet the residents’ social needs. Therefore, the aim of this research was to explore the components of social resilience in the historical context of Sorkhab Neighborhood in Tabriz. By utilizing the findings and results of this study, urban design projects could be informed to enhance the quality of urban spaces and promote social resilience.
 

This research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach in terms of its nature and methodology. The required information and data were gathered through a comprehensive review of relevant literature using library sources. The extracted indicators and criteria were then analyzed. Some criteria did not necessitate a questionnaire or collection of people's opinions. Therefore, the analysis and interpretation of these indicators and criteria in Sorkhab Neighborhood were conducted through field sampling and observation methods. However, certain criteria required a questionnaire and inclusion of people's opinions. To collect the opinions of individuals residing in the historical context of Sorkhab Neighborhood regarding social resilience, a survey was administered in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed using a Likert scale. To assess the impact of gender, age, and education on the functional, social, and cultural dimensions (excluding the physical dimension, which did not require a questionnaire), one-way variance tests and t-tests were employed. Furthermore, the most influential indicators were examined using multivariate regression analysis. Based on the questionnaire results and tests, solutions were proposed to enhance social resilience. The compiled questionnaire evaluated the dimensions and components identified in the previous sections from the perspective of the citizens. It included individual questions concerning age, gender, education, as well as questions related to functional, cultural, and social aspects, which were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very low" to "very high". SPSS software was utilized to perform one-way variance tests and one-sample t-tests, enabling the investigation of the effects of gender, age, and education on the three dimensions. The sampling method employed was completely random with residents of the neighborhood being surveyed. Sorkhab Neighborhood had a population of 1204 individuals and 384 households. Based on Cochran's test, with an error rate of 0.063, 200 questionnaires were completed. The highest frequency of respondents was male accounting for 61%, while the lowest frequency was female at 44%.
 

The overall findings of the analysis revealed that, with the exception of criteria, such as access to services, a sense of belonging, and unity among residents, the neighborhood did not exhibit favorable conditions across the remaining criteria. These results emphasized the importance of enhancing residents' awareness in both functional and social dimensions with age being a significant influencing factor in the social dimension. Therefore, when setting goals for these dimensions, it was crucial to consider the preferences and tastes of each generation. The factor of gender played a notable role in the cultural dimension, highlighting the need for establishing fairness between the two gender groups.
Among all the criteria, the sense of belonging and hope for the neighborhood's future had the greatest impact on increasing social resilience. On the other hand, the criterion of creating social groups to address neighborhood issues demonstrated the least influence. Among the various dimensions, the cultural dimension exerted the most significant impact on social resilience, demanding greater attention compared to the other dimensions. In terms of the physical aspect, it was evident that Sorkhab Neighborhood lacked designated spaces for residents. The limited number of activities within the neighborhood could be attributed to the presence of abandoned spaces predominantly used as parking lots, which failed to attract people and consequently have a low level of utilization. The aging buildings in the neighborhood, due to its historical nature, rendered many of them uninhabitable. Furthermore, the narrow width of local roads compromised the safety of both residents and users within the neighborhood. Overall, the physical condition of the neighborhood was unsatisfactory, posing significant challenges for residents and creating hazardous conditions during crises and even in normal circumstances.
 

In this study, the scholars’ opinions were examined and the indicators of social resilience were extracted and investigated in the historical neighborhood of Sorkhab, Tabriz. The findings indicated that the functional dimension was influenced by the factor of education, while the social dimension was influenced by both age and education. The cultural dimension emerged as the most influential dimension with age and gender exerting an impact on this dimension. Among the indicators, creating an inclusive urban space, fostering a sense of belonging, and instilling hope for the neighborhood's future were found to be the most influential factors contributing to social resilience.
The results highlighted the importance of increasing social interactions and raising awareness to enhance resilience in the face of crises. By improving educational and informational opportunities for all residents of the neighborhood and creating safe spaces that facilitate social interaction and presence, it is possible to directly improve social resilience and foster a stronger sense of membership and pride. The sense of belonging and hope for the future of the neighborhood are particularly impactful. Therefore, establishing a platform that promotes social interactions and serves as a hub for neighborhood activities would lead to a swift restoration of the neighborhood during times of crisis. Additionally, providing necessary psychological support training to influential individuals within the neighborhood during crises can be effective in encouraging and reassuring residents.

Increasing natural and human hazards, especially in developing countries, have led to more attention being paid to concepts such as vulnerability and resilience. The aim of this study was to investigate the resilience of Bandar Abbas city in environmental dimensions and components and to present an urban management strategy. The population and the statistical sample of the study include experts in urban planning issues who have been selected and questioned as purposeful samples (20 people). Prioritization of environmental indicators and components; Presenting a strategy by experts to improve the resilience of Bandar Abbas.Most of the researches in Iran have been done in terms of social and economic vulnerability, but in the present study, the relationship between ecosystem literacy and environmental indicators has been investigated. Assessing urban resilience in this research can be considered as a new method in urban management. The results of the survey show: The urban resilience situation of Bandar Abbas with the calculated value of 3.29 is favorable and in a good situation in the face of environmental crises. Finally, Friedman test has been used to rank the indicators and environmental components of Bandar Abbas and urban management strategies have been presented using the opinion of experts to improve the resilience of Bandar Abbas.

Today, the adverse effects of climate change and the resulting damages have become an environmental, social and economic problem. Evaluating the resilience of local communities against climate change and its limitations and obstacles is an important step for identifying effective mechanisms and prioritizing management that promotes flexibility and increases adaptation capacity. Due to the importance of this issue, the current research aims to identify the limitations of coping. and resilience against the risks caused by climate change was carried out in Zahedan city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and its method is descriptive-analytical. The tool for collecting data and information was a researcher-made questionnaire from the study area. The statistical population was the rural households of Zahedan city, which due to the dispersion of villages and their large number, 12 villages (2 villages from each village) were randomly selected as sample villages. According to 832 households of the studied society and using Cochran's formula, the sample size of 263 households was obtained, which was increased to 265 households. In order to analyze the data, ISDM method was used in SPSS software and structural equation method in LISREL software. The results showed that 12.83% of residents have weak perception, 23.02% have moderate perception, 35.85% have strong perception and 28.30% have very strong perception of climate change. Also, the physical factor (factor load 0.941), social factor (factor load 0.922) and economic factor (factor load 0.895) are the most important limitations of resilience against the risks caused by climate change in Zahedan city.

The neighborhoods of the historical context of the cities have been disintegrated over time; So that it has put a lot of pressure on the cities and made them suffer from premature fragility. The aim of this research was to analyze the fragility in 24 neighborhoods of the historical context of Urmia city. The type of research is applied and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The analyzed data were collected through a survey and using a questionnaire from a statistical sample consisting of 30 experts. 14 indicators have been selected based on the opinions of elites and the availability of information, and information layers have been created for them in GIS software. FUCOM method was used to calculate the weight of indicators and CoCoSo decision method was used for data analysis. The results show that in the historical context of Urmia city, 8% of the range is located in the very low fragility zone, 21% in the low fragility zone, 29% in the medium fragility zone, 28% in the high fragility zone and 14% in the very high fragility zone. Darvishlar, Aghdash, Doshabchikhana, Khanbaghi and Khanbabakhan neighborhoods are in the zone of very high fragility, Sahiyeh, Jarchibashi, Tandirchilar, Shurshora and Hezaran neighborhoods are in the high fragility zone, Bazarbash, Argh, Delgosha, Yurdshahi and Nogechar neighborhoods are in the medium fragility zone, Yedidarman, Agh Zamilar, Seyedjavad, Mahdi-ul-Ghadam and Yunjaligh are located in the low fragility zone and Nayeb Asghar, Khatib, Qara-Aghaj and Davchilar neighborhoods are located in the very low fragility zone.

The justice-oriented city has emerged with the rapid growth of urbanization, and its physical manifestations begin with the concepts of unequal access to urban services, social, cultural, political and economic capitals, etc. The emergence of risk-taking models with different natural and human contexts in cities has brought the discussion of resilience into the scope of urban concepts. The purpose of the current research is to explain spatial justice in physical resilience of District 6 of Karaj metropolis. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and using Smart PLS model and Spss software based on documentary-field data. The results show the fact that there is little relationship between the population dispersion and the distribution of urban services in the studied area. The results of the Kolmogrof-Smironov test and the normality of the data distribution, from the one-sample T-test (T-test) in Spss software, in improving the physical resilience of the area, considering the realization of spatial justice and considering that the coefficient The significance (sig) calculated for the research indicators at the confidence level of 95% (less than the permissible level) is -5%, it can be stated that these indicators are against the physical resilience of the range with the Realization of spatial justice is not at a suitable level. According to the result obtained from the Smart PLS model, the fit of this model is confirmed by using the SMRM test, and the research indicators are ranked and shows a suitable pattern for improving the current situation and reaching the desired situation.

Resilience is a multidimensional concept and has been studied in many different disciplines including ecology, socio-ecological systems, social sciences and psychology. This concept has attracted more attention in recent years, especially in terms of urban planning. This concept is particularly highlighted when a city or community encounters threats such as natural hazards. To respond to these threats, a comprehensive resilience assessment is required to identify priority areas for disaster risk management. In this study, a systematic review method is used to review and analyze studies of resilience in Tehran, and then a systematic formulation is provided. The authors searched the SID and Magiran databases for studies related to urban resilience in Tehran using the keywords “resilience” and “urban resilience”. The PRISMA framework was used to select studies for systematic review, and ultimately 55 studies were included in the review. According to 49% of the studies, the level of resilience was different in urban areas of Tehran. Lack of equal access to municipal services due to their uneven distribution, Existence of worn-out fabrics and informal settlements in some areas and different financial ability and level of social participation of residents are among the main reasons for the variability of resilience in urban areas of Tehran. In addition, 38% of the studies concluded that the resilience situation in Tehran is unfavorable; in the meantime, informal settlements, dilapidated structures and the central part of Tehran had more unsuitable conditions. The results of this study are useful for city managers, crisis management, city council, NGOs and other organizations related to urban management.

Water scarcity is rapidly increasing as one of the most important threats to sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. This has led to many problems such as poverty and food insecurity among rural households. Therefore, building and improving resilience is important for rural households as a way to reduce the effects of water scarcity. Based on this, the current research has investigated the resilience of rural households against water poverty. The population studied was rural households in Hamadan, Kabudrahang and Malayer cities, and based on Cochran's formula, 334 people from rural households were randomly selected as a statistical sample. The tool for collecting information is a researcher-made questionnaire. Its formal validity has been obtained by confirmation professors and Cronbach's alpha, the combined and shared reliability of all factors is greater than 0.7, which indicates the appropriate reliability of the model. To analyze the collected data, structural equation modeling was used with the help of PLS Smart software. The results showed that physical-infrastructure and human capital had the greatest impact on the resilience of households. Therefore, with long-term investment appropriate to physical capital and infrastructure and strengthening human capital with the help of education and raising the level of awareness and participation of people, the resilience of households will increase.

The nature of livability, quality of life and on a larger scale; Rural sustainability is intertwined with resilience; In the field of rural planning today, instead of focusing on vulnerability (crisis formation and management), emphasis is placed on the resilience of local communities (risk management and active action). Among these, the realization of resilience due to the complex, multidimensional, systemic nature and multiplicity of actors and actors in today''s variable internal and external environment; It requires the provision of conditions, needs and requirements in the rural environment, the lack of which means the creation of numerous obstacles and challenges and the continuation of environmental vulnerabilities, and in order to change the situation and move in the direction of resilience, identify these challenges and Obstacles and removing them can be considered a fundamental and important step. The present user research has been conducted for this purpose in high-risk and deprived border rural areas of Marivan county with a descriptive-analytical method and quantitative-qualitative (mixed) nature. In the qualitative part; Identifying the barriers and challenges facing the provision of resilient environment in the rural areas studied and in the quantitative part, tried to confirm and generalize the findings of the qualitative sector and provide analysis of the performance of these barriers. In the qualitative part, the in-depth and open interview method was used, and in the quantitative part, the questionnaire was distributed. The statistical population of the study includes development managers, village heads and councils, local rural knowledge, scientific and academic experts in the region and economic activists in the region, which purposefully and by snowball method, select and identify barriers to providing a swing environment Rural (quality section) and their approval (quantitative section) was done by them. The analysis of the collected data in the qualitative part based on the open coding method and in the quantitative part based on the factor analysis test showed that 64 obstacles or variables in the form of four main factors of weakness in planning, policy making, implementation, supervision and monitoring on the development process in the development management field of Marivan county (the most important and effective factor); Lack of attention and explanation of the concept of resilience and the lack of an efficient risk/crisis management structure (natural and human); The inadequacies of the social environment and the inappropriate business environment for the economic development of the villages and the weak support for providing environmental resilience in the rural areas of Marivan are effective obstacles.

The sense of place arises from the activities and interactions between people and places, as well as between people themselves, within a particular location. The high level of attachment among the residents of a place, neighborhood, or city emphasizes the significance of that place for individuals, leading to increased participation in civil and political activities, and enhancing citizens' social interactions. These emotional connections with the place also influence people's capacity to respond to changes, comprehend risks, and prepare for social resilience challenges. This research seeks to answer the question of the effects of the sense of place on social resilience in Mehestan. The research methodology is practical and developmental in its goal, and descriptive-analytical in its approach. Data has been collected through both library and field studies. The data analysis has employed descriptive statistics (including frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, and dispersion coefficient) as well as inferential statistics such as structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS. The statistical population comprises all citizens of the new town, totaling 95,746 people. A sample of 380 individuals was randomly surveyed. The research findings indicate that the state of the spatial sense variable falls within the average range of 2.51 to 3.5. Similarly, the variable status of social resilience also falls within the average range of 2.51 to 3.5. Hypothesis analysis using AMOS software reveals that the effect of the sense of place on social resilience in Mehestan is significant at the 0.05 error level. Furthermore, the positive path coefficient (/276) indicates a direct and positive relationship.

Nowadays, resilience has become an important concept in scientific research and political discourses, and it is considered a basic approach in facing all kinds of crises and risks in cities. Also, due to the locality of crises and their effects, planning and managing resilience on a local scale is considered one of the basic principles. Considering the importance of resilience at the local scale, the present research was written with the aim of evaluating the implementation of the principles of resilience and streamlining of risk management at the local scale of Tabriz metropolis. In this regard, the research method is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of analytical-exploratory nature, in order to analyze information, were used logarithmic regression model, VIKOR multi-criteria decision making model and Shannon's entropy weighting method. The statistical population of the research also includes managers and city officials involved in the field of crisis management, and the size of the statistical sample was determined using the targeted Delphi method of 100 people. The findings of the research show that out of the 9 investigated components, only two components of financial considerations and participatory management with beta coefficients of 0.652 and 0.617 are significant at the confidence level of 0.95 and have been realized. On the other hand, among the investigated components, the most unfavorable situation was the components of knowledge management and accountability and recovery. Also, it is recommended to implement the principles of resilience and streamline risk management only in the 2nd, 5th and 9th districts of Tabriz metropolis. Therefore, it can be said that the implementation of the principles of resilience and streamlining of risk management at the local scale of Tabriz metropolis has an unfavorable situation and we need strategic planning in this field.

The main purpose of this paper is to study resilience in urban housing area of Saqqez city. The statistical population of the study includes residents of 22 neighborhoods of Saqqez that according to the results of the 2016 census, their number was 165.258 people. The research method is descriptive-analytical with emphasis on the practical aspects. That is a data collection tool through a library, field studies, urban land use map, use of statistics and censuses in 2016. First, the radius of performance of the outer physical criterion is determined by the network analysis in the GIS to perform the necessary analysis. Data on other criteria were collected using field surveys and statistical data and they were then weighted to prioritize the importance and needs of citizens in the AHP and finally we did the analysis in the Todim. The research results show that according to the resilience evaluation criteria in the housing area of the formal neighborhoods of 22 Saqqez city, neighborhoods 16, 17, 6, 19, 18 and 12, located in the southwest, part of the northeast and west of the city, have unbearable resilience. Improving the space and proper distribution of revenues is one of the most important proposals, along with greater cohesion and sense of belonging, monitoring of construction rules and regulations, access to the main thoroughfares network and creating financial incentives. The novelty of this study is in using network analysis software, builder and Todim to determine the radius of performance and ranking the resilience in urban housing area and in the neighborhoods of Saqqez city.

A comprehensive and multifaceted perspective is imperative for examining natural hazards in contemporary societies, particularly within urban settings. This viewpoint encompasses considerations related to natural disasters, fault boundaries, unsustainable construction practices, deteriorating structures, the encroachment of settlements onto slopes, disregard for river boundaries in urban areas, and construction without due consideration for privacy. A thorough scientific and specialized investigation is essential to mitigate the consequential adverse financial and life impacts. Additionally, effective urban and regional management necessitates meticulous planning. The city of Poldokhtar, situated in Lorestan province and within the Kashkan flood basin, possesses the potential to induce floods owing to a myriad of natural and human factors. To prevent the recurrence of such incidents, proactive measures are imperative. These include not only research studies but also structural and mechanical interventions grounded in the natural environment. Furthermore, integrated management, skills training, and attention to the interconnectivity of infrastructures during emergencies are vital. Coordination and collaboration between public and private entities demand particular emphasis. The research, aligning with applied-developmental goals and employing an analytical-library method, seeks to contribute to the comprehensive understanding and effective management of natural hazards.

The significant interplay between health and the environment is undeniable. Alterations in climate have a direct impact on the physical and mental well-being of individuals, primarily through modifications in weather phenomena such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and storms. Furthermore, climate changes indirectly influence the quality of water, air, and food, further exacerbating health concerns. Health services are frequently regarded as the primary line of defense in mitigating the adverse effects on health, particularly those arising from climate change. The objective of this investigation was to examine the principal strategies employed in addressing environmental risks stemming from climate changes within the realm of health.

In this investigation, a methodical examination approach was employed to scrutinize investigations on the management of climate change from 2022 to 2023. English publications were sought in databases like Elsevier, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The exploration for publications was executed in two phases. In the initial phase, publications linked to climate change, climate variability, and global warming were sought employing keywords like "Climate change", "Climate variability", and "Global warming". In the subsequent phase, amid these publications, pertinent publications were chosen for examination and evaluation employing keywords like "Health", "Exposure", "Infectious disease", "Mental health", "Compatibility", and "Mitigation".

Primary healthcare systems play a crucial role in fostering resilience at both individual and community levels. These systems serve as a fundamental structure for safeguarding global citizens through the provision of accessible, cost-effective, responsive, and dependable healthcare services. Upon examining a range of studies, it becomes evident that it is imperative to establish resilient healthcare systems that can effectively withstand the impacts of climate change. This can be achieved by adopting adaptive or resilience-oriented approaches, as well as implementing mitigative strategies. To this end, it is recommended to enhance the capacity of healthcare systems, ensure effective and regular risk management at all levels, foster collaboration across multiple sectors, develop action plans, and make both short-term and long-term investments to enhance flexibility.

In conclusion, healthcare systems, being a critical foundation for protecting global citizens, should prioritize the enhancement of social resilience by implementing both mitigative and adaptive measures to combat the challenges posed by climate change.