creating inclusive urban spaces

Over the past years, the issue of equal participation of disabled and marginalized people in economic, social, and civil life has been a top priority for many countries. With life expectancy increasing across the world, cities need to accommodate an aging and growing population. Developing inclusive urban environments that support residents with different abilities in all stages of life is essential. This approach aims to restore the self-esteem and independence of disabled people and to encourage the development and implementation of user-friendly, universal, and inclusive design. This study analyzed the factors that affect the creation of inclusive urban spaces. The main indicators and variables of creating such spaces were determined by reviewing the theoretical research literature and using the opinions of 20 urban geography experts. Using Interpretive-structural modeling, the relationships between the indicators and the degree of influence and dependence of each one were determined and analyzed. Based on the findings of the research, effective factors in the creation of inclusive urban spaces were presented on 7 levels and consisting of 37 components. The most influential factors include accessibility, simple and understandable use, comfort, and flexibility