Utilitarianism and the Debate between Metaphysics and Reality; a Reflection on the Concept of Right

legal modernity as a value-oriented framework considered the concept of "right" as an abstract and metaphysical concept in the eighteenth century. At the same time, utilitarian theory welcomed the method of empirical observation in legal analysis, and considering the socio-economic functions of right emerged as an independent theory and have challenged how metaphysics interacts with reality. The present study seeks to investigate the relationship between metaphysics and reality and the nature of the concept of right from the perspective of utilitarianism theory. The principle of "achieving the greatest welfare for the greatest number" in utilitarian school of thought can challenge the concept of right drastically. It seems that utilitarianism authorizes sacrificing individuals and their interests (rights derived from the theory of modern natural law) as a necessity for greater happiness and welfare. Further investigation revealed that the theory rejects the subjectivism that exists in modern natural law; in other words, in examining the concept of right, it simply does not reflect the precedence of metaphysics over reality and, therefore, can be consistent with a typical impression of the concept of "right".