seyed mohammadsadegh ahmadi

In today's world, changes resulting from new technologies have significantly impacted human life and the learning processes of students, seriously challenging traditional methods of education. It has only been a few decades since the term "educational technology" has found its place in the global educational culture. Educational technology encompasses the systematic design, implementation, and evaluation of the entire learning and teaching process based on specific objectives and research outcomes in human learning, communication, and the use of a combination of human and non-human resources to create more effective education. Thus, we are faced with the study and ethical practice through the creation, application, and management of appropriate technological resources and processes to facilitate learning and improve performance. In this regard, the fundamental issue of education from the perspective of social sciences is extremely significant. This issue, particularly in the legal and especially human rights approach, asserts itself as a universal right. As a human right, education is a universal right for all humans. This right also serves as a means to achieve other human rights and a tool for social and economic empowerment. The fundamental issue of education on one hand and educational content on the other are significant topics of the world's educational systems, which, along with teaching tools and methods, collectively strive to prepare generations for the acceptance of global and local cultures. By accepting the right to education and emphasizing socialization, it is the duty of democratic governments to embed the teachings of democracy and rights into new generations. In fact, democratic principles and traditions must be taught so that people become aware of and appreciate their opportunities and responsibilities as free citizens. Teaching democracy is not limited to traditional knowledge learning but should be promoted through other means as well. Today, the term "educational technology" carries a progressive and evolved concept, and its scope of utilization is not merely confined to the use of educational materials and tools; it embodies a broader and more modern concept. Today, to clarify educational matters, diversify the means of the teaching process, and elucidate lesson content, the use of educational aids by teachers is inevitable.

The right to occupational health and safety of employees is recognized as one of the basic human rights in the world community. Based on international human rights documents and their internal system, governments are obliged to protect the safety and health of workers. As an active member of the international community, Iran also has obligations in this field. This research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the duties of the government regarding the right to occupational health and safety, with a comparative approach in international documents and the Iranian legal system. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method and information gathering using library sources to investigate the government's obligations in observing, supporting and implementing occupational health and safety rights. Based on this research, it is necessary for governments to commit to the protection of the right to occupational health and safety, taking into account the national priority, to the extent of their ability and capabilities. Achieving occupational health and safety in Iran can help strengthen human rights, social progress, economic development and reduce public costs.

legal modernity as a value-oriented framework considered the concept of "right" as an abstract and metaphysical concept in the eighteenth century. At the same time, utilitarian theory welcomed the method of empirical observation in legal analysis, and considering the socio-economic functions of right emerged as an independent theory and have challenged how metaphysics interacts with reality. The present study seeks to investigate the relationship between metaphysics and reality and the nature of the concept of right from the perspective of utilitarianism theory. The principle of "achieving the greatest welfare for the greatest number" in utilitarian school of thought can challenge the concept of right drastically. It seems that utilitarianism authorizes sacrificing individuals and their interests (rights derived from the theory of modern natural law) as a necessity for greater happiness and welfare. Further investigation revealed that the theory rejects the subjectivism that exists in modern natural law; in other words, in examining the concept of right, it simply does not reflect the precedence of metaphysics over reality and, therefore, can be consistent with a typical impression of the concept of "right".

Human rights is a superior and valuable system and an evolved and modern form of natural rights, which consists of four fundamental principles: "the principle of human dignity and dignity", "the principle of freedom", "the principle of equality" and "the principle of fraternity" and other principles and rights proposed in the human rights instruments are under the mentioned principles. On the other hand, administrative law, which is a sub-branch of public law and defined in the constitution of every political system, and compared to other legal trends,  is nascent and new,  deals with regulating the relations between the administrative apparatus and government organizations with individuals and citizens. Recent developments regarding the duties and performance of governments in the social arena and their use of public privileges in order to "advance public order and social services" have caused violations of human rights standards in the field of administrative law system. The important point is the impact of human rights standards on the decisions of administrative courts and the effectiveness of administrative proceedings from human rights standards. In this research, according to the examination of the administrative laws of Iran, England and Australia, it has been tried to take advantage of the judicial procedure that has led to the development and implementation of the principles and rules of human rights. The research method in this paper is based on library studies and analyzesinformation in a descriptive-analytical way.

Today, human rights have become a global discourse in such a way that different legal fields are affected by human rights. In the meantime, administrative law also does not benefit from the influence of the representative in such a way that in today's world, there is talk of administrative human rights. Administrative human rights are administrative rights that adhere to and are bound by human rights standards and criteria. One of the stages of the manifestation of human rights in administrative law is recruitment and entry into government service. In entering service and employment, it is necessary to observe principles such as equality, justice and respect for human dignity. Basic laws as well as ordinary laws have considered general and specific conditions for entering the service. As long as the mentioned conditions are in accordance with the principles of human rights, there will be no problem, but sometimes it is observed that the legislators consider criteria and conditions in the recruitment and selection stage that conflict with the principles of equality, justice and competence. is placed In Iran's legal system, the regulations related to employment are included in the civil service management law and the country's selection law. The study of the said laws shows that although in the civil service management law, the legislator has tried to approach the standards of human rights, but the inclusion of some criteria in the selection law is not consistent with the said principles and deserves criticism.

The e-learning is one of the new educational methods that can create a competitive advantage for organizations and countries. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of a comparative study of e-learning in the countries of England and South Korea.

This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was review. The current research population was the e-learning system of countries of England and South Korea, which these two educational systems were examined in terms of similarities and differences. For this purpose, e-learning in the countries of England and South Korea were investigated and the data obtained from e-learning in both countries were compared.

The findings showed that both countries of England and South Korea in e-learning emphasized on the experience e-learning by creating periodic programs and policies and appropriate to the time, creating two formal and informal education methods, increasing the skills of students and parents about using educational resources, raising media literacy, providing high-quality, free, diverse, attractive and easy-to-use educational content, using the full capabilities of four communication screens of tablets, smart phones, internet TVs and computers for learning, open and collaborative environment for creating creative ideas by the audience, participation in production with curriculum organizations and universities, encouraging and financial support from top creators of educational programs and updating the educational programs and learning practices. On the contrary, in the e-learning of England country emphasized on the creation of content of learning resources suitable to their different nationalities and interests, investing on music videos with appropriate orientation to them, convergence and integration of learning resources and updating and transferring them through the internet, special attention to formal learning programs for under 19 years and using the successes and personal thoughts of users, but in the e-learning of South Korean country emphasis on the financial support from domestic products for the growth of the local content industry in the field of educational documentaries, sharing international educational content by signing a contract with YouTube and holding international conferences and festivals for global interaction with the creators of educational documentaries.

Despite the similarities between e-learning in two countries of England and South Korea, there are differences between e-learning in the two countries. According to the results, the educational planners of Iran country, while paying attention to the cultural context, can provide the basis for better e-learning in the country.

Having an efficient system of administration is considered a priority in every country. Planning to achieve such a system in any society brings about various experiences. Several measures have been taken in Iran as it is emphasized in the constitution; however, achieving the desired perfection is influenced by several factors including the degree of free access to the employment facts and instruments. Furthermore, one group of the administrative instruments closely associated with the right of citizenship is the facts and instruments concerned with employment. For this purpose, the present study investigates the status of the right of having free access to employment instrument and facts using an analytical-descriptive methodology. The findings of the study in investigating the confidentiality system of rights in Iran indicated that instruments and facts concerned with employment is not included in “the law of publicizing and free access to facts”. But the requirements of the characteristics of this ministry in the field of security, Keeps employment instruments and information confidential and out of the reach of the public. Nevertheless, should be considered at the level of necessity and minimum in confidentiality to consider the rules of free access rights for beneficiaries in the rules of free access to facts.

Supervision of public institutions improves their performance. In a dynamic public law system, the principle is on the controllability of the actions of all executive bodies. Due to the importance of the position of the Guardian Council, this hypothesis has been proposed that the decisions of the Council are unmonitorable and any monitoring exercise, independence and dignity. According to the note of Article 12 of the Law Organizations and Procedures of the Court of Administrative Justice, the decisions of the Guardian Council are not considered to the General Board of the Court, and according to Article 117 of the Civil Service Management Law, The guard is excluded from this general rule. The question of this research is how is it possible to monitor the administrative and financial actions of the Guardian Council? Based on this, the presented hypothesis emphasizes that the administrative and financial powers of the Guardian Council can be judicially supervised, and this issue especially emphasizes the separation between the political and administrative actions of this institution. The results of this research show that in our legal system, due to the wrong understanding of the position and position of the Council, sometimes the monitoring of the financial and administrative actions of this institution is neglected, while the correct monitoring of the two categories of actions, causes the better performance of the Council. And the rights of the nation are guaranteed. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical, and the library method was used to collect the sources.

One of the components of human rights for any political system is the guarantee of human dignity. In the meantime, protecting citizenship rights by modifying the power and responsibility of government officials is required; Various types of oversight mechanisms, is appraised by the law. In the German- Roman legal systems, the Supreme Administrative Court is responsible for "judicial oversight" of state decisions.

This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

This has also been the case in the Iranian legal system, however some institutions, such as the Guardian Council, are exempt from the jurisdiction Court of Administrative Justice. Based on the court of administrative justice, filing a lawsuit against the guardian council’s decisions is not possible; But any subject matter has a legal interpretation; the reasons for the uncontrollability of the Guardian Council need to be clarified.

Ethical considerations:

 In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

The rule of law, the principle of separation of powers, the principle of legitimate expectation justifies the need for the oversight of the Guardian Council. Preventing the abuse of power, judicial error, and making unreasonable decisions, as well as adherence to the principle of proportionality are the factors that make the oversight of the guardian council a requirement.

The government has a number of commitments to water that it has not yet been able to meet, and so far no research has been conducted on the critique and evaluation of good governance indicators in the water sector so that the government achieves sustainable governance of water resources. Therefore, this purpose and necessity led to the writing of this research. This research is a descriptive-analytical method. In this research, governance indicators based on international documents and relevant laws are studied and analyzed and adapted to the current situation of water governance in Iran. In the field of good governance, based on the indicators provided by the Asia-Pacific Economic and Social Commission, the current state of water governance in Iran was adjusted and examined. It is generally believed that water problems today and tomorrow in the country are more the result of unfavorable governance than absolutely water shortage. Good governance in the water sector never comes to an end; as a process, it depends on the repetition of activities that deepen trust. Good governance in the country's water sector through changes in the policy-making and decision-making structure of the country, ie through systemic management with respect to the establishment of a powerful organization As the custodian of the country's development, standardizing the ways of doing things, demarcating the boundaries of powers and decisions, regulating and systematizing behaviors, legalizing government officials and employees, immediate reflection of violations, transparency in work, meritocracy, elitism and use of expert and academic capacities. It is possible to evaluate the performance and accountability of the country's economy to a competitive private sector.

Law principles count as humanity principles in their nature and essence. Usage of available principles for humans has to include dignity which under no circumstances should be considered as a tool. However, in some cases, theories, laws, and available procedures disregard human’s dignity and status in the legal system. For instance, Yakoobs’s theory in criminal law for enemies which has caused theoretical contention amongst philosophers during the last two decades can be mentioned to combat existing insecurity and in particular terrorism. In Yakoobs’s opinion, if an individual contravenes criminal laws deliberately, they will get back to their normal life and cannot be considered as a citizen anymore; therefore, the government is allowed to pass specific laws that are different from ordinary laws for citizens to prevent, avenge, and symbolize. Yakoobs’s theory confronted criticism apart from eliminating legal principles from the human image, violation of human dignity, and not paying attention to morals in the relation between citizens and the government. In this article, the authors analyzed the concept of “criminal law f or enemies” from Yakoobs’s perspective and pointed out its criticisms after the proposed German hypothesis of “legal government” based on Kant’s notion. As a result, there is no logical reason for accepting Yakoobs’s opinion due to the fundamental controversy between his theory, codes of ethics and human dignity and its detrimental effects on defendants and criminals’ rights.

The result of preserving the independence of dignity and human rights in society has caused right discourse is common at the present time. The right of Self-determination as the basis of many rights and freedoms requires in order that the one has power for Continuous monitoring and prosecution powers to limit it and guarantee the human rights and freedoms. Relation caused by the right of public oversight to power as many rights dispute. This different look requires the right of public oversight to power has been examined more. To determine the scope of necessary limitations of unnecessary restrictions. This would also make the content of right clear. In the present study component ruling on Hohfled’s bilateral relations and the elements of the right of public oversight to power will be analyzed. This attempt will be done to distinguish relations and rights and assignments. The result of this analysis shows that the analysis of legal relations and legal positions of claim-right and liberty-right can be used in analysis of right of public oversight to power.

Global water crisis and governments’ efforts to combat drought and famine and their effects have made governments do their best to control and properly use underground water resources. A breakthrough in the field of legislation in the water sector was the adoption of “Water Act and its nationalization”. The big change in this law was the definition of water rights system based on licensing exploitation by the government. The main purpose of the saidlaw was sustainable development of water resources. Any exploitation of these resources were under the supervision of the government and was possible onlyby acquiringa license from the government. The law of fair distribution of water and the law of determining the destination of water wells without exploitation license has been predicted in Licensing Commission and the Commission of Underground Water. Accordingly, the present study investigates their qualifications in the Water Lawof Iran, relying on legal texts and judgments of the supreme judicial authorities

According to the extremity-centered attitude of human, freedom of expression is
a requirement for the individual independence of human being as an essential
end, so the restrictions on which should be determined within the framework of
the essential exception. Freedom stands in the realm of the natural rights and
restricting it in any manner is against that essential right. In the current age,
television can undoubtedly be utilized as one of the most powerful media in the
service of freedom of expression. However, at the same time, mal-use of this
device can offend both public and private rights. Therefore, restricting the
domain of activities for the TV channels is essential. In this regard, the
international documents of human rights have set restrictions for TV. The
Iranian legal system considers some restrictions for this matter too, some of
which are compatible with those prescribed in the international documents of
human rights and some others such as the Islamic rules and standards cannot be
found in any other international documents as the restrictions on freedom of
expression. It seems that the Guardian Council's interpretations of Articles 44
and 175 of the constitution are a kind of additional constraint on the freedom of
expression. In this paper, by conducting a comparative analysis on the said
documents, we analyze the restricions on form and nature of the freedom of
expression in the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Broadcasting Corporation