Investigating Phonetic Processes and Semantic Change of words in Qabus Nameh

In the process of the historical evolution of the Persian language in different periods, the semantic change of some words and sentences has occurred; the phonological changes are considered as the most important ones. This article attempts to show the type of word and meaning images in Qabus Nameh, which is one of the books written in the fifth century. Due to the time proximity of Qabus- Nameh to Middle Pahlavi Persian, it has preserved a large extent the phonetic characteristics of the Pahlavi language and many words have entered this book without any changes. The method is descriptive using library sources. The phonetic changes in this work have been shown in the form of decrease, increase, conversion, integration and reverse, and the most frequent process was conversion. In the semantic transformation, the words have had several transformational contexts , either they have been abandoned or got a new meaning in addition to the previous ones. In the semantic evolution of sentences, they are often used in their unreal and contextual meaning and become ironic sentences.