Effective factors in creating immunization against a desired antigen in the culture medium

Antibodies are glycoprotein molecules that play a significant role in both diagnosis and treatment. Various methods exist for their production, with laboratory immunization being one of them. This study aims to investigate the laboratory immunization method and the factors influencing the optimization of immunization to achieve antibody-producing immunized lymphocytes in a laboratory setting.

A literature review was conducted using the databases in PubMed and Google Scholar, employing the keywords immunization, in vitro technique, and antibodies, covering the period from 1985 to 2023. About 50 articles were found with these keywords, 34 of which are used in this article.

The studies reviewed indicate that in vitro immunization offers several advantages over in vivo immunization, including shorter immunization time, high reproducibility, and the ability to obtain IgM-producing clones. However, this method is not universally applicable for producing antibodies against all antigens. Numerous factors influence laboratory immunization, including the type and concentration of the antigen, the type and number of lymphocytes, the removal of immune-suppressing cells, the use of adjuvants and cytokines, the physiological conditions of the culture environment, the incubation duration, and the variability in immune responses among donors.

Conclusions  :

For the production of antibodies in vitro, it is essential to consider the effective factors to enhance the efficiency of laboratory immunization.