If a contract suffers from ambiguity in its provisions, the parties conscious of the contract flaws try to exploit and interpret the cases of ambiguity and silence to their own advantage; thus, it is necessary for the judge to be familiar with the principles of interpreting any of various types of contracts so that to help resolve of any disputes. The present study examines the role of secondary rulings in interpreting contracts and agreements in the five religions schools; it furthermore deals with contract interpretation tools, internal and external factors of the contract, all of which are used to remove ambiguity from the will which is foundation of the contract and to complete the shortcomings of the contract. Finally, the verbal, practical and legal principles of contract interpretation are examined. The results of this study indicate that in interpreting contracts and agreements evidences in the contract, the nature of the contract, the intention of the parties to the transaction, custom and good faith should be brought in to effective attention. In addition, the parties show their good will in concluding and executing the contract based on the legal principles, and ultimately, the interpretation should result in the validity of the contract not to its invalidity.

An option contract is a type of pre-contract and a derivative instrument. Despite the fact that this contract is known and very efficient in the world market, but it is an emerging contract in Iran and one of the reasons for not using it is not recognizing the effects of the contract. Therefore, in this research, which has a completely practical aspect, the effects of the contract of option in Iranian law and French law as one of the most prominent legal systems in the world have been discussed.The effects of certain contracts are defined by the legislature, but there are also effects that are essentially common between contracts, both definite and indefinite. On the other hand, due to the unique nature of the contract, the option to trade the effects of this contract before the exercise of the right and after the exercise of the right is different. Also in discussing the effects of the contract, we are faced with the issue of the relative principle of the effects of the contracts and its exceptions.

Nowadays, pressure in concluding contracts is less visible in the form of physical reluctance and violence, but for various internal and external reasons, people's satisfaction in concluding a contract is impaired. According to jurists, the existence of emergency conditions in concluding a contract does not harm the validity of the contract, even though it impairs the individual's consent to the transaction; But if the same emergency situation is abused and an unfair contract is imposed on the victim, this contract can not be supported. Due to the silence of our legislator in this regard, jurists have proposed a guarantee of various actions such as invalidity, right of termination, non-influence and the ability to modify or cancel the contract for this type of contract. In Imami jurisprudence, although the popular opinion emphasizes the validity of this type of contract, but some jurists have proposed the invalidity of the contract regarding the excess amount of the proverb, which has been opposed by other jurists. Citing the rule of negation of hardship, such contracts have been invalidated when it leads to hardship in excess of the proverbial price. This view, which is a kind of contract modification, while responding to other criticisms of similar theories, can well secure the rights of the distressed person.

Referral to arbitration requires the consent of both parties. This compromise is legally a contract that can be concluded in different ways. But two more common methods are: First, concluding an arbitration agreement independently of the contract or the main transaction (basic contract) whereby the parties agree to refer the dispute between them to arbitration (independent arbitration agreement). Second, conciliation to arbitration as a condition of the main contract, according to which the parties agree to resolve disputes and claims arising from the contract through arbitration (condition of arbitration in the contract) and in either of these two methods; Arbitration contracts should be considered as subsidiary contracts that are always concluded on the occasion of a main contract (sale, transportation of goods, insurance, etc.). This sub-feature of the arbitration contract has led to the question that if the original contract is void or terminated, what effect does its annulment and termination have on the arbitration contract? If we consider the annulment or termination of the original contract as effective in the life of the arbitration contract, we are faced with the vicious cycle that the annulment of the original contract causes the annulment of the arbitration contract and the arbitrator who votes for the annulment of the original contract based on the invalid contract And issued ineffective. In order to eliminate such problems, in most countries of the world, it is accepted that the arbitration contract is independent of the original contract, and as a result.

The subject of this article is the clarification of the law governing the contract of transfer of certain property in English and Iranian law. While in English Law, movable and immovable property is subject to address of landed property in terms of acquisition of ownership and in terms of contracts, they are subject to the law governing the determination, in Iran immovable property is subject to address of landed property in terms of acquisition of property and movable property is subject to venue of the contract. However, dislocation cannot destroy their acquired rights, and in terms of contracts, the law of venue of contract is the same as the law governing the contracts. Therefore, foreign nationals can freely apply the rule of law. Due to the development of world trade, none of the regulations of the venue of contract of the venue of implementation of the contract and residence act of the parties can replace the principle of determination. Followers of the principle of the rule of determination believe that the determination has a wide sovereignty in the formation the contract; and it is valid in all legal relations, even if it is not in the form of a contract.

Assignment of the contract is the simultaneous transfer of rights and obligations arising from the contract in such a way that the third party becomes the substitute of the contracting party in the performance of obligations and benefiting from the rights, therefore the criterion in the transfer of the contract is the presence or absence of these rights and obligations arising from the contract, whether it is an immediate contract or continuous; But it is necessary to observe the principle of relativity of contracts, the principle of good faith and the principle of freedom of choice of the contracting party, in the shadow of the principle of freedom of contract transfer. Since with the transfer of the contract, the contractual obligations are also extended to the deputy and the transferee is obliged to fulfill the obligations arising from it. If the contract is based on a person, its execution by someone other than the party to the contract, even if he is also his representative, is not possible or acceptable to the other party to the contract, and the transfer of the contract will be ruled out. The principles and conditions of assigning contracts are not specific to domestic law, and it even seems that these conditions can have a rational and logical feature rather than being considered legal conditions; Therefore, the silence of international documents in this regard is due to its spontaneity, and the mentioned criteria will be applicable in international documents as well.

Corruption of contracts in society creates adverse effects, deep class differences. Corruption of the contract causes the loss of the party who, relying on the validity of the contract, incurs costs and lays the foundation stone of his trust in the contract, which is ultimately annulled. In the relationship between the parties, there is no doubt about the return of the same property to the corrupt contract, and since the invalidity has no legal effect and no ownership is created, the status should be restored to its previous state and the pre-contract status should be revoked. . This is because the parties to the contract may have waived costs or opportunities in concluding it. In the case of financial corruption of the contract, all these cases are considered as damages, because the party to whom the cause of the corruption is attributed and nevertheless enters into the contract, is guilty and should be held responsible for compensating such damages. In this regard, contract corruption is an executive guarantee to advance the goals of society towards proper legal relations. Under UK law, a contract may be declared void and ineffective. This invalidity in terms of creation, such as contracts that are contrary to public order, morality, good and illegitimate, has many similarities with Iranian law. Regarding the status of the contract in English law

Today, banks try to reduce their risk in banking affairs by imposing conditions of negation of responsibility in two contractual and operational (non-contractual) formats. Among the various banking contracts, partnership contracts and especially mudarabah and civil partnership contracts, which unlike exchange contracts, the discussion of the responsibility of the facilitating bank is very important, include specific conditions resulting in non-responsibility. Partnership is one of the methods of financing economic activities approved by Islamic banking, based on its jurisprudence, it is formed from the mixing of partners' capital, and all partners have the right to intervene and monitor the economic activity and its management; Among the most basic concepts of the partnership contract is the distribution of profits and losses at the end of the economic activity or contract, in proportion to the capital of each partner. The obtained results show that in the field of profit and loss sharing, the necessity of the contract as well as its permission for the bank and the customer's requirement to buy the share of the bank's share are included in the contract. The type of research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the library method.

In Iranian law, the role of Awad in the binding aspects of contracts is not very clear. However, from the inductive study of certain contracts, it is concluded that in most cases, there is a logical relationship between non-compensation and the permissibility of a contract and compensability and the necessity of that contract, which implies a kind of harmony between Iran's legal system and Awad theory. On the other hand, in English law, the contract is generally recognized as valid and enforceable in two ways. The first case is that it is official and sealed, and the second case is that the exchange is its support, since the principle is that the contracts are informal, in English law, the exchange has a decisive role in distinguishing binding contracts from mere promises. Therefore, if the Awad theory is accepted in Iranian law, it can be effective as one of the supplementary rules in interpreting private contracts and determining the obligations of the parties.

Man is a social being with social ties who is bound by a set of human and social obligations and contracts to meet his needs and achieve his goals. There are different opinions between jurists and in terms of the Holy Quran on how to arrange the contract and the formal conditions of the contract. A number of scholars consider the creation of a contract to be oral and some in writing. This article examines the security of contracts and its principles in the Holy Qur'an and tries to explain their reasons. Create people in the community. Therefore, solutions can be found in the Qur'anic principles such as the transparency of the text of the contract, as if the contract was unambiguous and written, which will lead to the strength and security of the contract. One of the most important reasons given for the non-legal monopoly of contracts is the holy verse, "O you who believe, and you who enter into contracts." In this article, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner and using library resources, the meaning of the verse is not limited to contracts in the time of the Shari'a, as well as the problems raised around it. "Contracts" refers to emerging contracts.