Trainers and physical fitness coaches’ need a useful tool to assess training loads to avoid overtraining. However, perceived scales or questionnaires were required. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether a short 8-item questionnaire of fatigue could be a useful tool for monitoring changes in perceived training load and strain among elite rugby Sevens (7s) players during preparation for a major competition. Sixteen elite rugby 7s players completed an 8-week training program composed of 6-week intense training (IT) and 2-week reduced training (RT). They were tested before (T0), after the IT (T1) and after the RT (T2). The quantification of the perceived training load and strain were performed by the session-RPE (rating of perceived exertion) method and concomitantly the 8-item questionnaire of fatigue was administered. Training load (TL) and strain (TS) and total score of fatigue (TSF from the 8-item questionnaire) increased during IT and decreased during RT. Simultaneously, physical performances decreased during IT and were improved after LT. The changes in TL, TS and TSF correlated significantly over the training period (r=0.63-0.83). These findings suggest that the short questionnaire of fatigue could be a practical and a sensitive tool for monitoring changes in training load and strain in team-sport athletes. Accordingly, the simultaneous use of the short questionnaire of fatigue along with the session-RPE method for perceived changes in training load and strain during training could provide additional information on the athletes’ status, allowing coaches to prevent eventual states of overreaching or overtraining.

The purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of some antecedents (perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, role ambiguity, Psychological ownership, organization-based self-esteem) of positive organizational behavior. The Statistical Population included all employees of Khuzestan Regional Electric Company. From this Population, 350 employees were selected by stratified random sampling method. The participants responded to positive organizational behavior, organization-based self-esteem, leader-member exchange, Psychological ownership, perceived organizational support and role ambiguity questionnaires. Fitness of the proposed model was examined through structural equation modeling (SEM). The indirect effects were tested using the bootstrap procedure. Results indicated that the proposed model fitted the data properly. Findings also showed that the direct effects of psychological ownership, perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange on positive organizational behavior were confirmed. Also, the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem on all relationships was supported. According to findings regarding fitness of the proposed model with the data and direct and indirect relationships, concerning the antecedent variables of positive organizational behavior was recommended.

This study examined the relationship between general physical fitness, job satisfaction and organization commitment of male physical educators. This study was a kind of descriptive and correlation. Study samples were 235 male physical educators who were selected from 15 education area by using one process cluster sampling. Study toolswere Canadian Award for Physical Fitness test and job satisfaction and organization commitment and individual information questionnaires. Using Pearson correlation test indicated that there were inverse significant relationship between general physical fitness and job satisfaction (P=0/008), and no significant relationship with organizationcommitment (P=0/102). Multivariate correlation coefficient of general physical fitness with job satisfaction (R=0.24) and explosive power (P=0/028) and endurance cardiovascular (P=0/012) can negatively predict job satisfaction. Multivariate correlation coefficient of general physical fitness with organization commitment (R=0.26) and endurancecardiovascular (P=0/007) can negatively and significantly predict organization commitment. Multivariate correlation coefficient of general physical fitness and job satisfaction with organization commitment was(R=0/54). So that, Job satisfaction can positively predict organizational commitment (P=0/0001). Multivariate correlationcoefficient of general physical fitness and organizational commitment with job satisfaction was(R=0/54). Explosive power can negatively predict (P=0/044) and organization commitment (p=0/0001) can positively and significantly predict job satisfaction. General physical fitness is inversely related with job satisfaction andorganization commitment. In multivariate regression job satisfaction and organization commitment can predict each other positively and significantly.

Anxiety and depression have increasingly affected many people within the last two decades and therefore researchers are trying to find non-invasive and non-drug methods for these disorders. In this respect, Hatta yoga practice, as an alternative medical system, seems to have attracted considerable attention. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Hatha yoga and physical fitness training on anxiety and depression in women. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test performed on 42 women who visited the sport clubs of yoga and physical fitness in the city of Shiraz (Iran) in 2009. Women diagnosed as having anxiety and depression but declined to take medications were invited to fill out the questionnaire designed by the researchers if they were willing to do so. The study population was randomly divided in two groups as Hatha yoga and physical fitness of 21 members each. Exercise protocol included 24 sessions of Hatha yoga and physical fitness over eight weeks and performed as three training sessions of 90 min duration a week. Depression, anxiety, and stress scales were used to evaluate the degree of anxiety and depression. There was a significant difference in degree of anxiety and depression between the pre-test and post-test findings in Hatha yoga group (p=0.017) but not in the physical fitness group (p=0.664). Also, a significant difference in post-test results for anxiety and depression between the Hatha yoga and physical fitness groups was demonstrated (p=0.001). Consistent with other similar studies, our study showed that the Hatha yoga and physical fitness practices have beneficial effects on management of anxiety and depression symptoms and could lead to appearance of a balance in physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual capacities of an individual. Hence the Hatha yoga and physical fitness practices can be used as an alternative medical system for these disorders.

This study examined the relationship between physical fitness and self–esteem in non – physical education students. 109 female and 225 male students who took general physical education course (1). The students completed Cooper – Smith questionnaire and their scores of general physical education course. The mean score of physical fitness for male students was 17.4 and for female students 19.1. The mean score of the self – esteem for females was 33.1 and for males 35.2. There was no significant relationship between the level of self–esteem and physical fitness (p>0.05). In general, findings of this research like many previous studies indicated a lower level of self–esteem in females compared with males. Also, it seems that physical fitness during the general physical education course has no relationship with student's evaluation of their own capabilities (self – esteem).

Children with disabilities due to physical limitations are at risk of lack of exercise and reduced physical activity. The purpose of this study was the examination of the physical fitness in children with sensory impairment. In this case-control study 16 blind children and 30 deaf children (6-12 yr) participated as the sample groups. 60 healthy children also participated as the control group. For assessing physical fitness the aerobic fitness (3minute step test)، muscular endurance (sit ups)، hand grip strength test، flexibility (sit-and-reach and trunk-lifting) and static and dynamic balance (modified flamingo test and Timed-up-and-Go) were measured. One-Way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test was used for data analyzing. Data analyze showed that hand grip strength test results of blinds were less than deaf and healthy subjects (p=0/007). Aerobic fitness in blind and deaf children were less than healthy children (p=0/001). There were no significant difference in the results of Sit and reach test among groups (p=0/365). However، there were significant difference among groups in Sit up (p=0/001) and trunk lift (p=0/001) test results. Static and dynamic balance test results showed significant difference between blind and deaf groups (p=0/001)، but there were no statistical difference between deaf (p=0/17) and healthy subjects (p=0/935). According to the findings of the present study، sensory impairment leads to poor physical fitness such as aerobic fitness، muscle strength and endurance and balance. Therefore، early screening of physical fitness and designing proper physical fitness and exercise training programs appears to be essential to improve children''s physical condition.

Chronological aging is associated with a decrease in physical activity levels and consequently a decline in physical fitness, which may contribute to adverse conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity and physical impairment..
This study sought to examine the effects of an 8-week physical activity intervention program on nutritional status and health-related physical fitness among Thai older adults..
Fifteen healthy elderly volunteers (aged 60 - 75 years) completed an 8-week physical activity intervention that comprises a nine matrices exercise (NME) program (5 sessions per week of 30 - 60 minutes). Measurements were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks, and included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and health-related physical fitness tests (6-minute walk, chair sit-and-reach, arm curl, back scratch, chair stand and 8-ft up and go). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed rank test..
Over an 8-week intervention study, participants significantly improved their weight (%∆ = -2.5, P 0.05)..
This study provides preliminary evidence that an 8-week NME program represents an effective strategy for improving nutritional status and health-related physical fitness in elderly Thai people..

Regular exercise and physical activity improves mental and physical positive impact as well placed to deal with possible complications in chronic disease risk factors and prevent effective stressful side effects. This paper concerned with: Brief history of the exercise advantage and physical activity on health, along with discussions on strengthening the will and mental health and physical fitness and how to communicate with them, how to increase physical resistance, clinical implication sedentary lifestyle, physical fitness and military health and performance.
All available resources by using the right keywords listed in this article.The majority of resources in English and some in Persian.
Exercise and physical fitness is associated with many factors needed for good health. Accordingly, promote and enhance physical fitness is a way to get healthy in the armed forces. Based on verified scientific new and old findings, sport and physical fitness reduces stress and leads to physical and psychological beneficial effects. It also decreases the risk of chronic disease and prevents complications of stress side effects.
Due to lack of native studies need to establish a research center at the top of the pyramid structure of the armed forces and informed by experts In order to monitor the physical fitness, tests and the revision of the guidelines and the new situation in accordance with the needs and mission of military forces and studies to determine the actual local fitness indicators are recommended.

The aim of this study was to design a physical fitness test for students in specialized fields of Amin Police University. First, using the students of the year of preparation, and students of specialized fields, the structural validity of the initial model of the physical test was assessed and the reliability was assessed by test-retest. it was performed by 240 students of specialized fields (30 people from each field).Then, the relationship between the time of physical fitness test for each student in specialized disciplines and the average of their annual physical fitness average was measured as a standard validity. At the end, the students' suggested norm was presented. In confirming the reliability of the initial test model, the results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant correlation (r = 0.86) between the results of the two initial operational fitness tests. In confirming the validity of the criterion of physical fitness test for students of specialized disciplines, the results of Pearson correlation test showed that a significant relationship was observed between the time of special operational test for students of specialized disciplines and their annual physical fitness average in all disciplines. Finally, due to the normality of the data taken from students in specialized fields, a suitable norm was suggested. Due to the special pattern of the designed physical fitness test, it is suggested that this test be used to assess the level of physical fitness of these students.

This study aimed at determining the association between cardiovascular fitness and physical activity with obesity and changes in their patterns among 12-16 year-old boys. In this cross-sectional study، 275 boy students، 12-16 year-old; from Bardaskan city were investigated. Subjects were selected via random sampling. Underweight، overweight and obesity status were evaluated based on the 5th، 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (BMI) for age and sex based on the United States’ Center for Disease Control (CDC 2000) standards. Physical activity levels were estimated by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Cardiovascular fitness (VO2max) was assessed by a 20 m shuttle run test. Overall prevalences of underweight، overweight and obesity among subjects were 3/6%، 10/5% and 4/7% respectively. There was significant positive correlation between physical activity level and cardiovascular fitness. Cardiovascular fitness and physical activity levels decreased sign­ificantly with aging. The overweight and obesity groups had lower levels of cardiovascular fitness than the normal and underweight groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the overweight-obese and the non overweight groups in physical activity levels. Moreover، There was a significant negative correlation between physical activity and cardiov­ascular fitness levels and subjects’ BMIs. Considering the in adequate levels of cardiovascular fitness and physical activity in overweight and obese boys، programs increasing physical activity (endurance exercise)، and diet and weight control are recomme­nded for these groups.