Determining the appropriate locations for establishment of fire fighting stations are one of the important tasks and objectives of urban managers which should be prepared before implementation in a systematic framework. The main purpose of the site selection is to avoid wasting costs and also to ensure optimal performance of stations in contrast to urban systems. Quick and timely access to fire stations is essential for societies especially in urban ones. In this descriptive-analytical study، required information is collected by using a1/2000 land use map، field observation، and also studying the related projects to Jahrom city which is applied as the model used in the weighting of criteria in paired comparisons format by using GIS software، Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) and based on experts’ opinions. Data processing and analysis was performed in accordance with the criteria and standards for urban planning. At the end، the most appropriate locations are determined to establish centers. Buffering method is used to evaluate the fire fighting stations; however، eastern and western parts of Jahrom city didn’t cover of fire stations with 2000 and 1500m function of radius. Several steps must be taken for selecting a fire station site by using GIS such as: 1) To identify the used data; 2) To identify influencing factors for selecting a fire station site; 3) To enter influential factors in GIS; 4) To evaluate layers of information; 5) To overlap layers of criteria considering the importance of criteria; 6) To enter the final weight in GIS and composition of information layers; 7) To compare the results of site selection pattern with the realities. It is necessary to arrange new firefighting centre for Jahrom City due to population growth in the future; urban development; increased migration from rural areas to cities and also lack of facilities and fire stations in response to the needs. The results show that there was used of different information layers and effective geographical information system (GIS) especially for selecting a fire station site and also assessment of status in Jahrom city. Finally، two locations were detected suitable for establishment of new fire station after comparison between the results of site selection pattern with the actual location of the study area considering all the parameters affecting the process of site selection.

Aid uses, including fire stations, according to critical activities that are responsible, in comparison to other city services, are more important. Identify areas where are located outside of the fire stations covered services can help urban planners to site selection of this important land use. The purpose of this paper is detection the areas that are beyond the services coverage of the fire stations in Tabriz metropolis based on the standard time for response time (3 to 4 minutes) has been considered. To achieve this goal, the road network of the city of Tabriz fully studied and the road network database have been completed. and then whit using Network Analysis by GIS software, coverage rates were calculated for each station separately. And then whit analyzing the 19 fire station together, the area of outside covered services has been determined. The result of this analysis in normal traffic conditions that is desired in this study, shows that 40.14 percent of area of Tabriz city from the Based on the standard 3 minutes covered by the city's fire stations, and within 4 minutes reaches to 62.25 percent. Also, the analysis of all fire stations systematically indicates that whole areas of Tabriz during the period of 11 minutes is available for fire station services.

To avoid wasting money and to ensure the efficiency of the entire system of a city are the two main objectives of site selection for urban public services. One of the important public services in cities is fire rescue services. Commonly, the quality and performance of these services are influenced by the position and distribution of fire stations and traffic conditions. So, selecting a suitable location for new fire stations or transferring an existing station is necessary for improving quality and performance. It should be performed in a systematic framework.
Now, there are only four active fire stations in Semnan. The number of stations, with regard to the population and the area of the city and the attention to be paid to standards, is not enough. So, we need new stations according to site selection parameters. In this study, to determine appropriate locations for fire stations within the city, we define a conceptual model, specify criteria and prepare necessary information for site selection. Then, we use AHP, a multi-criteria decision making model, and geographic information systems to find new locations for fire stations. The results show that AHP is suitable for optimum site selection of fire stations. This model can be used for other emergency site selections. Also, using this model shows that, in Semnan, we need four new fire stations in suitable locations.

Locating the Rural Fire Service and Safety Services is of great importance, For safety And prevent fires and accidents. Due to the high cost of locate firing safety services centers in all villages, Establish and correct locating caused increasing in efficiency usage of safety centers. In this study, Dashbnd, Nachyt and Rahimkhan as the case villages in Boukan county previous studies were selected to locate in the rural context. Results show that the models employed is absolutely correct invoices. The research is applied in terms of content and analytical - descriptive. It is a documentary and field data collection To locate the fire station in the village of tissue factor in the six selected. Layers corresponding to each of these factors with reference to the same Zone 38, WGS1984 UTM: and the same (cellsize 3.6 × 3.6) in ARC GIS 10 preparation has been .To determine the importance of indicators used software expert choice 2011. And then each of the factors using fuzzy models by means of standardized Raster calculator and a value of zero to a raster format have been In this case, the layers become fuzzy weighted. . Then fuzzy algebraic operations addition and multiplication performed on layers and overlapping layers were. Finally the fuzzy gamma operator places suitable for the construction of a fire station in the rural context.

One of the important concerns in urban spaces is to plan and design the appropriate spaces and locations for services. Fire stations are one of these services that are responsible for security. Identifying and prioritizing urban areas are necessary to build fire stations in the city and to improve service delivery. In this descriptive-analytical and applied research, urban areas of Khorramdarreh is prioritized to build fire stations by using VIKOR and TOPSIS models, some criteria such as access to communication networks, covered population, residential, commercial, industrial units, area coverage, educational, administrative, cultural, and transportation. In Khorramdarreh city situation, population, and proposed prioritization determined that the results of VIKOR model had higher value than TOPSIS model and is more consistent with the objective realities of city. In the situation of physical and population of Khorramdarreh, and proposed prioritize determined that the results of the model has higher value than VIKOR and TOPSIS model is more consistent with the objective realities of Khorramdarreh. Considering the results of both models, district 3 in Khorramdarreh had the maximum and district 2 in VIKOR model and district 5 in TOPSIS model had the minimum requirement for fire stations respectively.

One of the most important factors that affects the efficiency of the firefighting services in the metropolis, is reducing the response time of an urgent operation. This factor should be considered in site selection of the location of the stations. Spatial distribution of stations should be in a way that the services be provided justly and quickly. By modeling and analyzing the access network and by considering the speed and direction of movements in the network, service area can be determined in a defined time. The purpose of this research is assessing the spatial distribution of firefighting stations in Tehran metropolis by using modeling based on network analysis. Also, this research method is analytical- descriptive and on the basis of graph theory concepts. Areas out of service have been determined and a comparison between the various regions of the city for future developments, was done. Based on the results, region 10 and region 21 had the highest and lowest service area respectively.

A fire extinguisher is a critical piece of safety equipment used to suppress or extinguish small fires in emergency situations to prevent large and deadly fires. This study examines the possibility of using a measurement system based on a transmitted gamma ray and a linear pixel needle detector of a vehicle cargo scanner based on gamma ray technology to inspect fire extinguishers.. The aim is to determine the effectiveness and accuracy of this approach in detecting any defects or irregularities in fire extinguishers, which would enhance the safety and reliability of these crucial emergency devices. The study involves testing the system on four different models of fire extinguishers and analyzing the results to assess its viability as an inspection method. The results were analyzed, with output in the form of images and intensity profiles recorded in one direction from the images. The findings of this research could have a significant impact on the field of fire safety. They could help to contribute to the development of more advanced and efficient inspection techniques for fire extinguishers, in conjunction with other non-destructive inspection methods. In this study, the capabilities, limitations and potential applications of a transmission gamma based imaging system for fire extinguisher inspection were investigated.The imaging unit utilized a gamma source of cesium-137 and a linear detector array. The study discusses the potential applications of this technology in the field of fire safety and its limitations. The research highlights the importance of developing more advanced and efficient inspection techniques for fire extinguishers, as well as the need for ongoing research in this field. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights into the potential use of vehicle cargo scanner systems for the inspection of fire extinguishers, and its findings have important implications for the field of fire safety. The results provide valuable insights into the feasibility of using gamma-ray technology-based automotive cargo scanner systems and pixel linear detectors as a reliable method for fire extinguisher inspection, ultimately enhancing public safety and emergency preparedness.

Today, fires represent a significant hazard stemming from both natural occurrences and human activities, presenting multifaceted challenges across urban settings. Fire stations emerge as pivotal service hubs within cities, necessitating strategic placement to ensure timely and dependable response, unimpeded by urban constraints. This study endeavors to devise a suitable model for the establishment and distribution of fire stations in Ardabil city. The research methodology is predominantly descriptive-analytical, employing a combination of documentary studies, library research, and field surveys for data collection. The Moran index is utilized to assess the distribution pattern of existing fire stations, while the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, facilitated by Super Decisions software, is employed to weigh 16 criteria determining optimal station locations. Subsequently, the Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS) model, within the ArcGIS software framework, is utilized to identify suitable zones for new fire station placement. Findings reveal gaps in coverage by existing stations concerning functional radius and population density, indicating a need for 11 additional stations to adequately serve Ardabil's population of 516,277. The Moran index underscores the randomness of the current station distribution pattern. Ultimately, the study delineates suitable areas for new station deployment across five distinct levels on a map. This research serves as a valuable resource for crisis management in Ardabil, offering insights into the current state and distribution pattern of fire stations, as well as delineating areas for new station establishment.     

At present and in the future, ensuring safety in life is essential for human beings. Fire stations are one of the most important and vital centers for providing security in the city in critical situations. Fire stations can provide their services in a timely and safe manner if they are located in suitable places and can reach the accident site in the shortest time and without facing obstacles and limitations of the urban environment. The most important problem in servicing these centers is the lack of proper distribution of stations and the limited operating radius of existing stations. This has also been true of locating fire stations in the city of Ardabil; and every year, many people lose their lives and property due to various accidents, including fires. It is involved in the spatial distribution of municipal services, including fire stations. As 7 fire stations in the city are not able to serve the whole city. Therefore, in this research, spatial distribution and suitable zones for locating fire stations in Ardabil city are done using Fuzzy Topsis model in GIS software.

Stations in Ardabil by the end of 1399 were extracted from the official statistics of the fire department and transferred to the GIS environment and the necessary analyzes were performed using spatial statistical techniques. By determining the status of existing stations and research objectives, we have identified suitable areas for locating fire stations. In general, the location selection process in this research can be expressed in four general parts: 1. determining the study area, 2. Determining the evaluation or decision criteria, 3. determining the weight of the criteria, and 4. Weight and overlapping criteria maps. Accordingly, after selecting the study area, the criteria affecting the location of fire stations were selected from different sources and in the next step, the criteria were weighted based on the opinions of experts using the network analysis method in Super Design software. After determining the weight of the selected criteria, using the Fuzzy Topsis model in the GIS software environment, the criteria were evaluated and finally, a combination map of the criteria that showed the best place to build a fire station was extracted.

This study achieved its main goal, which was to determine the appropriate locations for the location of new fire stations. However, in order to complete the issue in the next step, based on the appropriate zones for locating fire stations, suggested sites for constructing new fire stations have been proposed. According to the population of Ardabil and the standard of one fire station for every thousand people, 4 fire stations are required for the city. In this research, in order of priority and based on the set of research criteria, stations in the priority of location selection are marked with numbers. There is no certainty in choosing the location of new stations and it depends on economic conditions, managerial decision making, traffic conditions, budget and facilities of municipalities and other dynamic and difficult conditions in terms of forecasting. In the proposal of new stations, attention has been paid to building density and highway network. The proposed stations cover the city well. The obtained results are in line with the findings of Nazari et al. (2015), based on the need of the city to create new stations. It also confirms the results of Warsi et al. (2015) that the number of available stations is not enough to cover the entire city. Moreover, the results of this study are consistent with the findings of Noheghar et al. Except for these cases, the results of the paper are based on Murray (2013) findings that the existing stations are located in an inappropriate position. And is consistent with the results of Janek (2013) on the need to use new methods and especially the new scientific and executive approach to the problems of fire stations in the city.

One of the most important factors influencing the construction of fire stations is the location, and determining the optimal location maximizes the efficiency of fire stations and provides better services to users. With this in mind, fire stations should be properly located throughout the city. In this research, in the first step, the status and distribution pattern of existing fire stations in Ardebil city were analyzed using spatial analysis techniques in GIS environment. The results showed that fire stations do not completely cover all areas of the city and only cover part of the city of Ardabil and part of the east and west and the suburbs of the city are outside this radius of operation. In the second step, the pattern of distribution of existing stations was analyzed and the results showed that the pattern of distribution of stations in the city is random. Due to the need of the city for new stations or their spatial rearrangement, in the third step, suitable locations for the location of new fire stations were identified using the main criteria affecting the location

In the past decade we encountered the population growth of our country، resulted in demand growth. Perhaps there are not much service centers in this city، but the efficient distribution of these centers is important. One of the service centers which has a significant role on city and is safety insurance for human life، is firehouse center. Fast and on time access of firehouse vehicles to the accident location is very important، because on time access of vehicles to accident location results to lesser damage. On the other hand، this on time access to accident location is related to efficient distribution of firehouse centers. In order to evaluate the current situation of firehouse centers regarding fire accidents، the Noorabad city was chosen as the study issue، and by using GIS function، network analysis and multiage analyses of Thiessen، the current situation of Noorabad firehouse centers were studied. After recognizing the improper distribution of these centers using AHP model and index overlaps، the proper location of firehouse centers of Noorabad city was identified using GIS software. The current research method is descriptive-analytic. The required information of this research were collected from field observation، comprehensive design study and descriptive data of Noorabad city، 1. 5000 maps of current situation and also field observation

According to the growing population and population density in cities, serving faces some inadequacies in various areas due to the extant shortcomings. Among the urban centers, fire department has the tasks of securing duty in prevention and suppression from the fire. One of the important things before establishing these study centers is reviewing and selectinging suitable locations for this kind of users; a place which is suitable for critical conditions services. This study seeks to provide a suitable model for optimal locating fire station in the city of Birjand.
The research method is descriptive-analytical. At first, the important factors for location databases such as (suitable distance from education centers- suitable distance from administrative centers- suitable distance from medical centers- suitable distance from storage centers- suitable distance from training centers- suitable distance from the main passage centers- suitable distance from municipal facilities and equipment centers- suitable distance from business centers- suitable distance from population high density centers) have been identified and then, using Arc GIS software and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and after the process of providing information, classification and evaluation layers, weighting and overlay information layers, the Birjand lands are prioritized for establishing fire centers.
Finding: Birjand lands are evaluated for establishing fire centers in five zones: very poor zone, weak zone, intermediate zone, and good zone, very good zone; so that good and very good zones are suitable for fire locations and also observed five centers, are located in good and very good zones.
The results show that 5 Fire stations are located in appropriate and very appropriate areas and some parts of the city such as the Eastern parts do not have access to any fire station.