The purpose of the current research was to investigate the impact of the comprehensive virtual laboratory system on the self-efficacy of engineering technical teacher students.The present study was practical in terms of its purpose and semi-experimental in terms of method with the same pre-test and post-test, in two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research was students of technical engineering student teachers of Shahid Rajaee University in the field of Bachelor of Mechanics, in the second semester of the academic year 1400-1401. The statistical sample was 43 people and randomly divided into two control groups (22) and experimental groups (21). The system used was the comprehensive virtual laboratory system of Amrita University in India. The instrument used was Scherer's self-efficacy questionnaire with 17 components in the Likert scale. The reliability calculated for the instrument was obtained by Cronbach's alpha of 0.86. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution tables, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation were used for data analysis, and covariance statistical test was used in the inferential statistics section. The results show that there is a significant difference between the average post-test scores of the control and experimental groups And the use of the comprehensive virtual laboratory system of Amrita University has increased the self-efficacy of technical engineering students in the components of a) tendency to initiate behavior, b) willingness to continue effort and effort, c) persistence in the task in case of failure .

The purpose of this research is to investigate the emphasis on the educational ethics at the engineering universities of Iran and comparing with top engineering universities of the world. The research community consists of 100 top world engineering universities (based on THE World university ranking) and 127 engineering universities of Iran. Also, the sampling method of this study is taken to be complete. The research methodology in this study includes documentary and library studies that using benchmarking and best practice. Findings of the research indicate that engineering universities of Iran are not at an acceptable level in educational ethics (ethical documentation). They should consider the ethical programs of top engineering universities of the world and, ultimately, localization should be taken in this regard. Finally, based on the findings of present research, some strategies for creating a comprehensive ethical document for the engineering universities of Iran is suggested, which is the bases to promote ethics in the universities.

One of the important and influential causes on the concept and interpretation of the Cairo Authority is technical and engineering advances, so the contents of this research on the impact of technical and engineering advances on the legal interpretation of the Cairo Authority in the legal system of Iran and the United States have been centered around answering this concern. What are the legal effects of changing the examples and concepts related to force majeure due to the advancement of technical engineering technologies. The findings and results of the research indicate that technical and engineering developments can be used as evidence in proceedings and facilitate new and new evidence in proceedings and proof of claims, and can change our interpretation of force majeure conditions and conditions that before the realization of difficult, unpredictable and unsustainable technical and engineering developments, make it easy, predictable and survivable and fundamentally change the nature of force majeure, as well as the results show that both in American law and in Iranian law, with Paying attention to the effects of technical and engineering developments, it is possible to save contracts and obligations from the abyss of invalidity, liquidation and termination.

Based on the tow big scientific revolutions, the functions including education, research, social services and technology and academic entrepreneurship were the missions of universities especially technical-engineering discipline. Based on dynamic government-university-industry triple helix model, the functions of government, university, and industry were developed and overlapped and expectation from university system and technical-engineering subsystem for technology, academic entrepreneurship and procurement of national innovation system are also uploaded. In this article, based on the cybernetic model of science & technology system, status of technical-engineering discipline in three sections including potential, efficiency and effectiveness investigated. Analysis are made with two approaches of existing data and field study. Based on the cybernetic model of science & technology system, status of scientific and academic system especially technological-engineering discipline status must develop, upgrade with appropriate balanced. According to the analysis of this research, potential, efficiency and effectiveness have not relative balance. The potential of technical-engineering discipline is higher than efficiency and its efficiency is higher than its effectiveness. Thus, technical-engineering discipline effectiveness and efficiency must be monitor and increased. The policy-making of scientific system of technical-engineering discipline should be managed with concurrent attention to potential, efficiency and effectiveness principles.

The growth in global trade especially in servicing sector has caused increasing attention to service exports in countries. In 2008، the volume of engineering and technical exports was over 391 billion dollars over the world while Iran has exported over 2. 1 billion. This fact calls for a national exporting strategy to identify، create، and preserve exporting target markets. Therefore، it is important to recognize the exporting target markets for engineering and technical services and the necessity to reinforce the capabilities of domestic companies in order to join international markets. The purpose of this paper is to study the target markets of engineering and technical services over the period 2008-2010. The findings through screening revealed that Ireland، USA، India، China and Germany were top five importing countries for Iran’s engineering and technical services. Using numerical taxonomy and market attraction index، Singapore، Kirgizstan، India، Australia and Sweden were best markets for the export of engineering and technical services. Among countries to which Iran exports engineering and technical services، Kazakhstan، Syria، India، Lebanon and Afghanistan are respectively the five best countries as target markets.

Non-oil export consists of two axes of goods export and service export, and the success in each of the export areas is a wide range of micro and macro components related to each. Getting rid of the single-product economy and diversifying the export of goods and services is one of Iran's special needs. In addition to the development of the goods sector, the export of technical and engineering services creates employment, improves the trade balance and economic growth of countries. Considering the role of the export of technical and engineering services in improving the economic situation, in this study, an attempt has been made to define a model for the export of drilling technical and engineering services, therefore, the purpose of this research is to design an interpretive structural model for the export of technical and engineering services. It is oil and gas drilling. This research uses mixed methods to design the model, so it is an applied research and is done with the help of inductive and interpretive methods. The population and statistical sample of this research are as follows: In the qualitative section and content analysis of strategic plans and technical and engineering service missions, 22 major oil and gas companies of the world were considered, and twenty-two companies were selected by head count method. were selected Also, in a small part of the statistical community, there are beneficiaries and users of the export of technical and engineering services, the number of these people is unlimited. Based on Cochran's Fitzmol, 384 people were calculated for unlimited communities. With the help of qualitative content analysis, 20 dimensions and 97 indicators were identified. . To test the research and modeling questions, structural-interpretive modeling has been used. After designing the model, the leveling of components and the type of components were described. The modeling level results showed that the first level included the performance of exporting technical and engineering services, export marketing capabilities, committee formation, and the ability to provide services in an integrated manner. The second level consists of three layers, in which there are components of banking services and credit documents in Riyal currency, export action and quality goals based on the company's strategies. The third level includes four components, which include the high committee regarding the prioritization of technical and engineering services, strengthening the financial base, machinery and interactions with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The fourth level has an integrated management component. The fifth level has two components of technical and engineering services of wells and consumables required for the implementation of the technical and engineering service contract. The sixth level has three variables: labor force, social security and planning engineering of offshore operations. The seventh level includes the components of export policy in order to gain currency, strategies to enter the company's international marketing and integrated international technical and engineering certificates.

Any weakness in the export of oil and gas engineering services، not only robs the opportunity of Iranian national development but also threatens it in the long term since if like today we rely on energy export and we don’t use that knowledge in order to develop engineering service outside the boarders، Iran will be the importer of energy rather than exporter. Development of such services not only provides the opportunity for energy maintenance but also enhance the countries capability to provide employment، technology development and technical science، enhancing the political relationships، and civil and cultural export. However، there are lots of efforts but still there are some obstacles. In this article according to semi-structured interviews and biblical studies from experts in a thematic analysis، a conceptual model has been devised that investigates the development of oil and gas engineering services industries. Also one of the accomplishments of this study is identification of obstacles in the three dimensions of theme، behavior and structure.