Mehdi Akhavān Sāles, apart from his poems and literary articles, has written a number of stories which he names some kind of “incontinence”. A deep contemplation on the form and content of these stories, reveals the dialog that takes place between his poetry and story writing and manifests components such as conversation, characterization, and suspension. Meanwhile Akhavān’s introduction to “Old Tree and the Forest” says a lot about the suspension of Iranian intellectuals between tradition and modernity. Although these stories are valuable in their own turn, they can never replace his poetry for which he has established an elevated place in Iranian contemporary literature.

Communication includes all the ways that human beings can influence others. This involves not only speaking or writing, but also all human behavior in various ways, so there are two types of communicational signs that human beings use: verbal and non-verbal signs. In communication science, special attention has been paid to how non-verbal signs influence message transmission. The research has shown that a large proportion of messages are transmitted to others through non-verbal signs. In poetry, the poet uses both verbal and nonverbal signs to be more effective in relation to the audience, but often in the analysis of poetry, the focus is on the verbal signs. Mehdi Akhavan-Sales is one of the most remarkable poets of contemporary narrative poetry whose specific characteristic of his poetry makes it suitable to use the non-verbal signs. In this study, the use of non-verbal communicational signs has been discussed to answer the following questions: Which non-verbal signs did Mehdi Akhavan-Sales use in his poetic images? What induces non-verbal signs in his poetry? Is there a significant relationship between the signs of non-verbal communication and the dominant thought of Akhavan in his poems? This study shows that Akhavan transmitted some of the concepts and messages in his poetry by depicting non-verbal signs related to the eyes, hands, feet, head and neck, lips, mouths, etc. The frequency of using these signs is higher in poems that have narrative features. The messages conveyed by these signs are often sadness, fear, concern, anxiety, uncertainty, and despondency. The high frequency of false smiles and the frequent use of phonetic messages of silence indicate that duplicity, and improbity made his poetic atmosphere full of despair. The use of these signs shows that instead of explaining a feeling or trying to convey a message, he presents an effective poem to the audience in a succinct manner.

In this paper, an attempt has been made to study rhetorical questions in the poetry of Mahdi Ikhwan Sali based on the implicit meaning of those questions as well as his poetic space based on common definitions in Arabic, Persian and English rhetorical resources. The acquired result shows that most of the poetic questions of Ikhwan Salis implicitly express frustration and disappointment. Also, often some implicit meanings are acquired from one rhetorical question in his poetry where some of those questions are not adjusted to official definitions of Islamic-Iranian rhetorical resources hence, they possess new meanings.

One of the intellectual and philosophical developments in recent centuries is the structuralism movement. The structuralism movement initiated since the 1960s which completely dominated the intellectual life of France. Structuralism or formalism focuses on the external structure of narratives beyond meaning and aesthetics and does not scrutinize the concealed rudiments and layers of the text such as imagination, signs, etc. One of the protruding movements of formalism is the linguistic formalist who studies the linguistic structure of texts; henceforth, poetry as an example of linguistic structure has also been influenced by the formalist movement; hence, by examining the poems of contemporary poets, the extent to which the formalist is influenced can be exposed. Mehdi Akhavan Sales is one of the contemporary poets who has a collection of works. One issue that can be raised is the study of the linguistic structure of the Akhavan’s poems in terms of semiotic approach. This research intends to study the characteristics of the poetry of the mentioned poet based on a descriptive and analytical method. The research findings show that the Akhavan’s poetry has a formalized poem with a unique linguistic structure. Epic and nationalist illustrations are abundant in his poetry and features such as archaism, anomaly and narration are present.

1. Examining the poetic features and linguistic structure in the works of Akhavan Sales 2. A study of epic and nationalist imagery in the works of the Akhavan Sales based on the semiotic approach .

Research questions:

 1. What are the salient features of the works of Akhavan Sales? 2. What is the epic and nationalist illustration in the works of Akhavan Sales?

The coup d''état of the 28th of Mordad 1332 is the most influential contemporary historical event which has had a great influence on language and minds of the poets. The contemporary poet، Mehdi Akhavan Sales، has depicted this event in his poems. Employing content-analyzing technique، this descriptive-analytical study investigates the reflection of this event in his poems written after the event till 1340. Employing an appropriate rhythm and rhyme، concise sentences، repetition of verbs، using adverbs of frequency and those related to hesitation and doubt، and negative verbs، Mehdi Akhavan Sales، with a symbolic language، and a social approach، depicts the consequences of the fall of Mosadegh''s reign، prison، execution، slaughter، resorting to opium and alcohol، in his poems.

"The Story of “Shahre Sangestan’’ is one of the most famous poems of Mehdi Akhavan Sales. The story turns around the narration of a city where all its inhabitants have changed into stone and are looking for a way to save them. Among the characters in this poem are two pigeons who know the story of Shahriyar and give him a way to free himself. In this research, by content analysis method, the origin of the "loss of consciousness of the bird" in Persian and folk tales (370 folk tales and one hundred love collection) was studied. Taking into consideration these cases, the authors have tried to divide this content into three categories: 1. the revealed history of the hero according to bird, 2. Recognizing the magic properties of the tree according to bird; 3. Girl’s transformation to tree whose first structure is closer to Akhavan's poetry. There are examples similar to Akhavan's narrative, especially in popular narratives that can provide a clear background for the reconstruction of Akhavan's poetry in the story of the "Sangestan tale". Although two examples of this content have been reconstructed in Persian antique and official literature; but the occult’s function of bird in "Sangestan tale" is more similar to folk tales than other functions and its frequency is higher in folk tales. Given the fact that Akhavan shows his interest to folk literature, his borrowing in the article entitled “Shahre Sangestan ", which is the basis of this article, is more acceptable.

Existentialist is one of the philosophical schools and means the originality of existence or the primacy of existence over nature, which left a great impact on literary currents. The main foundations of this philosophy are the primacy of the nature, individuality, freedom, endurance, excellence of the world, frustration, despair, vanity, sadness, loneliness and depression.. Considering the socio-political situation in Iran in Shahrivar 1320 and the relatively open space for challenging these ideas and the prevalence of translated works from this period, many contemporary poets and writers of literature, were influenced by this idea.That Sohrab Sepehri and Akhavan Sales were of those who were influenced by this idea during a part of these literary creation. Therefore, this study intends to study and analyze philosophical ideas in the poetry of Hajm Sabz System and in Zamestan System. In this research, based on library studies and philosophical analytical method, the author has tried to collect materials and prove his theories, and by examining the poems of Hajme Sabz and Zamestan , has come to the conclusion that they have seen the themes of existentialist philosophy with intensity and weakness in these poems of these poets. 

Analyzing supplmented and applied language and linking it with social concepts is one of the main goals of Critical Discourse Analysis and Norman Fairclough emphasizes "change" in analyzing the factor of critical discourse using the same goal. Among the excellent examples of this type of usage, we can mention the changes and evolutions of phonological processes in the new poems of Mahdi Akhavan Sales (M. Omid). The purpose of compiling this article, in which the method of collecting information is library, the method of data analysis is qualitative and the reasoning method is inductive, is to classify the phonological processes of reduction and reduplication in the new poems of Mahdi Akhavan Sales, and the critical discourse analysis is based on the triple models of Norman Farclough that is description, interpretation and explanation, so that the unsaid and white lines of the application of these processes in the new poems of Mahdi Akhavan Sales can be determined in this way. Processes that the poet in his conscious mind apparently did not pay any attention to the frequency of their use, but only tried to make the language of his native people serve to express concepts by using archaism and nativism and the literary backgrounds of Khorasani 's style; But the high frequency of using the phonological process of reduction compared to the phonological process of reduplication should be searched in the unconscious of the poet and his actions and socio-political approach and ideology of his era.