It is obvious that the bill is centered around elimination of juricidical responses and rehabilitative and heeling measures .Based on this mentality the responsive reactions are formed as follow: measures for freeing the children from juridary process, rehabilitative and heeling approaches, limited responses. In each of these measures there are some potentialities for occurring undesired problems in addition to the desired results. There has been proposed no cautionary measure to control these problems. Given this situation, it is necessary to bring about some changes and in this way reduce the probability of committing crimes. In this regard changing the essential mentality is of great importance.

Our country's legislator has included the instance of provisional and educational measures in Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013 with great extensive changes. Thus, in this law, it has initially repealed security measures law approved in 1981 and has obviously recognized security and educational measures for children, adolescents, and the insane, and then besides most instances of the provisional and educational measures of the above law mentioned were determined as supplementary and secondary punishments, while the other cases were specified as fundamental punishments in the form of orders and measures, some of which are protective and some are educational added to the country's penalty system. The aim of provisional and educational measures with correctional, therapeutic, and educational strategies was to reduce the amount of crimes and reform them. Nowadays, with the expansion of crimes and emergence of new ones, determination of sorts of these actions and their scope expansion can be significantly helpful in judicial system. Provisional and educational measures in 2013 law are so extensive, diverse, and modern that many of them did not exist in Islamic Penal Code. Many legal articles of this law indicate the legislator's special attention to their application as well as the correction category and criminals' rehabilitation.

Criminals' reform and treatment is a set of medical-clinical and preventive measures (curative, educational, and educational) that criminals are taught as a norm by these programs and are led to follow social rules. These concepts have many approaches and effects that are now being codified and organized in different ways at different stations throughout the cycle of proceedings. Now, after formulating and revising the remedial approaches to the Law Book, studying the actions in this regard and identifying the structural challenges facing these processes is necessary. It is clear that in a simple division, existing structures can be separated into three cultural, social and economic domains. The analytical study of these structures shows that educational structures, social laws, poverty status and unemployment in Iran's current society are in conflict with the remedial programs, and the problems in these areas present a serious challenge to the return of the offender to the normal life-style.

Identification of potential risks in laboratories and trying to create safe conditions for the staff is very important from different aspects. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential risks in the laboratories of three research centers affiliated to Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute.
In order to assess and classify risks associated with working in the laboratories (11 laboratories of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Center, 9 laboratories of National Shrimp Research Center and 2 laboratories of National Aquatic Organisms Processing Center), the method of "Failure Mode Effects Analysis" (FMEA) as well as statistical methods (concerning compare means) were used.
The risk levels in all the laboratories of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Center, except for benthos laboratory, could be evaluated as moderate or high. Only in the case of the sample preparation laboratory, significant differences between the values ​​of RPN before and after corrective action was observed. However, in this case the corrective actions have not been effective in decreasing the risk level. In most laboratories of National Shrimp Research Center, the corrective actions were effective in reducing the risk levels (with the exception of three laboratories). In both laboratories of National Aquatic Organisms Processing Center, after the corrective actions, the risk levels were sharply reduced.
Considering the high level of risk in many evaluated laboratories, appropriate corrective actions were proposed. But after the second-stage evaluation, it was realized that the proposed corrective measures in some laboratories (especially in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Center) were notperformed sufficiently and hence the risk still was remained at critical or semi-critical level.

Painting workshops are part of the woodwork (carpentry) industry in which despite advances in technology the work force fulfills most of the roles in the production process. Since such manual activities are often performed with awkward postures due to lack of workers’ awareness and inappropriate design of tools and working conditions ergonomic assessment of work environment and working condition improvement seems essential. Designing evaluation checklist and calculating ergonomics indexes can be useful in this assessment. This study was conducted on workers of painting workshops of furniture industry with the objectives of a) evaluation of level of exposure to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) risk factors and b) determination of action category levels in the workshops. After conducting task analysis in the painting workshops 47 workers were assessed by the designed ergonomic checklist and ergonomic indexes were calculated. Finally the risk factors were determined. Ergonomics indexes were considered as the criteria to demonstrate the workshops ergonomic conditions and to determine action category for working condition improvement. Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire was also applied to determine prevalence rate of MSDs among workers. Data were analyzed using statistical tests including t-test and test of proportion. Mean of age was 28.78 (range=17-58). The highest prevalence was reported in lower back (38.3%). Statistical analysis revealed that there were significant associations between occurrence of MSDs and calculated ergonomics indexes (P

Existence research for to evaluate the effectiveness of a series of Countermeasures in reduction crashes on the Malayer-Jokar axis in Hamadan province. In this axis, in 2015, a series of Countermeasures have been implemented during three months. To determine the effectiveness of the set of Countermeasures, Crashes data were used 19 months before and 19 months after the implementation of these Countermeasures. Due to its high efficiency in estimating the expected accidents without implementing Countermeasures and also eliminating the phenomenon of regression, the business method was used to average. The high accuracy of this method is due to the use of safety performance function (SPF) in order to logically estimate the frequency of crashes in the period before the Countermeasures. A crash prediction model was used using AASHTO (2010). Using this tool and predicting crashes before and after the implementation of Countermeasures, as well as the calculation of the expected number of crashes in the before and after periods, the effectiveness of safety was calculated. The results showed that the combination of these Countermeasures reduced the crashes by 4 percent. Although the significant assessment of this value showed that it is not significant at the 90 percent confidence level, the result is still valid, and this small amount of accident reduction, as the type of collisions observed in the after period has shown, is most likely due to the fact that Some Countermeasures have led to a reduction in certain types of crashes and an increase in other specific types.

In this research, researchers are looking to prioritize countermeasures in one of the important intersections of Darrehshahr city. The four countermeasures including installing a traffic signal, installing a speed hump in the minor approach, drawing a stop line in the minor approach +sign and creating a rumble stripe in the major and minor approach for this intersection are considered. The research method is the economic evaluation method in HSM. In the economic evaluation of countermeasures, the costs of fatal crashes, injuries and damages for the year 1399 have been calculated. Also, the expected crashes before and after the implementation of the countermeasures and the reduction in the frequency and severity of the crashes caused by the implementation of the countermeasures have been estimated. By calculating the annual benefits of crashes reduction and calculating the current value of benefits, assuming a 3 percent discount rate and a service life of 10 years for countermeasures, cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness of countermeasures have been performed. The results show that according to the Benefit-Cost Ratio method, the stop line in the minor approach +sign, the creation of the rumble stripe in the major and minor approach, the installation of the speed hump in the minor approach and the installation of the traffic signal have priority, respectively. Also, for every million Rials spent on the implementation of the stop line in the minor approach +sign, the ratio of benefit to cost during the 10-year lifespan is 396508.5 to 1.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries that appear in back، neck and upper limb mainly. This study was conducted with the objectives of determination of prevalence rate of MSDs and ergonomics assessment of the risk of MSDs in workers of a petrochemical company. In this study، 327 randomly selected workers in a petrochemical compan y with at least one year work experience in office and operational units participated. O ffice and operational staff were studied separately d ue to different nature of their works. In office jobs، data were gathered using demographic questionnaire، Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire (NMQ) and ergonomics checklist for assessment of working conditions. In operation jobs، demographic questionnaire، NMQ and QEC method were applied to collect the required data. Data were analyzed using statistical tests including t-test، Chi-square and test of proportion by SPSS software (Version 16. 0). Means of age and job tenure of study subjects were found to be 32. 2±6. 63 and 5. 53±4. 01 years، respectively. Prevalence rates of MSDs in office and operation staff were 68. 1 % and 46. 6%، respectively. The r esults showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in neck، back، low back and knees in the office staff were significantly higher than those of operational workers. Working condition assessment by the checklist in office staff revealed that the lowest index wa s related to posture and workstation. This means that in the corrective program improving working posture should be considered as a priority. The results of assessment of physical exposure to musculoskeletal risks by QEC technique among operational workers showed that in 38. 4% of workers studied، the level of exposure to musculoskeletal risks was in Action L evel (AC) 1، 19. 2 % in AC 2، 31. 5 % in AC 3 and 11% in AC 4. Totally، in 42. 5% of workers studied، the level of exposure to musculoskeletal risks was high or very high. This indicated that the jobs and working conditions in the operational units were conducive for developing MSDs and needed corrections. Based on the results، some interventional measures were implemented. The prevalence of musculoskeletal in the office staff wa s significantly higher than that of operational subjects. In working conditions improvement، taking risk factors of lower back، neck، upper back، knee، shoulder and wrist into consideration seemed essential.