Universal literary theory is a new critical approach that aims to study universal mechanisms literary work at the levels of Inline text, language, and framework. The Universality is to achieve the level of universal recognition of the greatness of literary work and the desire to translate, read and study. There is no doubt that the efforts of Najib Mahfouz in the case of the novel had a great significance in the movement of Arab narratives towards the world. This article attempts to investigate the Universal literary elements in the novel "Our neighborhood kids" within the Universal literary theory, through a curriculum that is a bridge between the Universal literary theory and the descriptive-analytical approach. The results indicate that this novel has the advantages to qualify for the presence in the world space, the most important is the victory of Najib Mahfouz Nobel Prize. In addition to the presence of Inline text element’s such as the conflict between religion and knowledge, and the balance between Egyptian society and the Universal level in terms of ideas, the author's involvement in Egypt's political power and culture has helped him gain access to the Universal literary space. Then translating the novel into the most important languages of the world, such as English and French, which helped her to cross the border of Egypt. But the universality of this novel does not imply the availability of all the elements of the Universal literary

The universal literature is an emerging theory in the field of literarycriticism and comparative literature whose theoretical foundations are evolving.According to this theory, universal literature is a theory that seeks to examine and evaluate the mechanism of text’s transnational perception and investigate its presence in the world of literature and all this conducted through the examination of the elements of universal literature.Among those who have contributed to the development of this theory, one can mention David Damrosch and Hosam Al Khatib. The present paper seeks to integrate, in addition to theoretical explanation of the concept of universal literature, to analyze and develop the elements of universal literature in the novel TheBeggar by Nagiub Mahfouz.The results of the article suggest that the author has been able to achieve universal fame by translating his works in more than twenty languages Having received the Noble Prize.

Language is a comprehensive system and form of style that influences the understanding of the author's point of view. It can be said that the set of styles formed in the linguistic system of the main structure is formed in the worldview. The Holy Quran as a linguistic system consists of different and similar styles. Each similar style leads to the formation of the same semantic domain in meaning. This idea is taken from the principles of the theory of linguistic relativism which is characterized by two versions: the strong version is an extremist form that believes language determines the worldview and shapes culture, while the weak version considers language as a relative role that may affect the formation of the worldview and culture. The present study investigates the worldview of the Holy Quran in the framework of the styles formed with a focus on the semantic field of cognition. This article deals with the semantic domain of cognition from the perspective of words (shakk, zaam, zann, hasab, aghle, fekr, tadabbor, arafah, basarah, shaarah, faghahah, alamah) in the general Quranic system based on a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on statistical methods. Adhering to the weak version of this theory as the main premise of the research, this article seeks to clarify the worldview theory and extract it from the general structure formed in the Qur'anic system. The most important conclusion that can be pointed out is that the main structure of the cognitive domain in the Quran depends on the formation of four circles (al tasavor, al ghle, al edrak, and al elme). The al aghle circle is like a river from which the al edrak circle emerges and eventually leads to the sea of true and complete cognition represented by the al elme circle.

A genre of novel was created during Abbasid period which is considered the product of this same period. The founder of this genre was a famous writer from Hamada, called Badi’ al-Zamon Hamadani. He called it Maghama and used it as a means to bring up different social thoughts. After him, Hariry used this genre. He exactly followed Badi, al-zaman Hamadani in creating Maghama, discussing its subject matters, and describing its hero. The technique of writing Maghama has penetrated into world literatures such as Persian, Spanish, French literatures, and has found some adherents in contemporary period. At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, lots of men of letters has tried to write Maghama, as an influential literary genre in the world literature, has been created in Arabic literature

There are various studies draw on the universality of literature and show its advantages and frameworks, including a book critical of the Arab and Comparative famous Dr. Hussam Al Khatib entitled to "comparative literature from the global to the globalization, " which cited the writer in search of valuable for international literature and its components and its advantages. Theoretical Khatib in this area of paramount importance and such case that looks at this issue a comprehensive overview and divides these ingredients into three sections autobiography, and linguistic framework, it is as well as his care characteristics of self-text mean characteristics beyond the text Kalatarah context and some aspects of the rectifier language. This study aimed to examine the Board of «Songs Mahyar Damascene» Adonis by the views of Hussam al-Khatib and searched for the global ingredients in the light of the descriptive approach -althalla. The study found that BSA Amtl most global elements from the standpoint of Hussam al-Khatib and distinguish features make us that we consider universally chamber because currently deep insights rights paid to the depth and reflection and standing of social issues humane stance is clear and distinctiveness Basma uniqueness, creativity and the rectifier language but does not have three ingredients except in the very little Are: local flavor, and the rectifier Framework, to achieve the delicate balance between the meanings desired for private and public, the poet did not succeed to raise the attention of local readers for the specialists and style Almtogl in the icon and myth and mystical connotations caused difficulty for the general public to understand.

Typology is a branch of linguistics that examines structural similarities between languages. Typological studies have shown that different languages ​​of the world have commonalities called language universals or Greenberg's Universals, named after the author. The study of word order is one of the most important topics in the typology of languages because languages ​​have a variety of patterns in this area, and that is what creates the right atmosphere for typological classifications. In addition, most of the linguistic properties of a language are related to how its main components (verbs, subjects, and objects) are arranged. In the present study, the authors studied the sequences of the verb and the subject, the genitive and noun, the adjective and noun, the verb and the object in Arabic and Persian languages, which belong to two different classes of languages in terms of the arrangement of the main components. The main purpose of the present study was to identify the characteristics of the sequences of the components in the two languages as well as the factors affecting them and to examine the status of the two languages in relation to the language universals related to components. To this end, one-thousand sentences from different official texts of the two languages were collected as a linguistic model. Some of these sentences are presented in this paper. The findings of the study showed that the Arabic language corresponds to what linguists have stated with regards to VSO word order as it is compatible with the relevant language universals. In contrast, Persian is inconsistent with the opinions of linguists regarding SOV languages in some of its characteristics. In addition, the Persian language fluctuates in terms of adaptation to language universals. It is compatible with some universals, but not with others. The findings also showed that both languages have the same freedom in sequencing their components in sentences. This is a feature to highlight the importance of one component over another by moving that component to the beginning of the sentence before the other components.

Increasing flow of competitiveness and organizational necessity for achieving higher levels of quality and productivity leads the managers to become more capable، intelligent and competent than today''s. Managers and leaders have a determinant role in that organizational goals are gotten or not. In this research researchers look for investigating the readiness of Al-Mustafa International University (MIU) for implementation of succession planning. The status of research dimensions were studied by one-sample T-test through distributing research questionnaire among 56 patients of managers as a statistical sample. The results showed that mean of 5 dimensions are above mean of 6 others are below mean that latters need for serious actions. Also، these dimensions was ranked by Friedman-test that «prospective attitude of managers» gained highest rank and «participating climate» gained lowest rank. The results of correlation-test showed that «work experience» has negative correlations with «organizational strategy clarity» and «meritocracy» in 99% of confidence interval and with «top managers'' patronage»، «prospective attitude of managers» and «active HR department» in 95% of confidence interval.

Responding to the vast propaganda, both ideological and cultural, of the westerners and Orientalists against Islam and the Qurʾān is the duty and mission of religious scholars and researchers. Accordingly, the present paper seeks to provide a brief account of the various efforts made by the scholars of the seminary and university professors who have been active since the glorious victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran until now. These efforts include: teaching lessons where the views of Orientalists on the Qurʾān, hadith, history and theology are critiqued in the academic centers of the seminary and university, organizing international conferences on [the subject of] the Qurʾān and Orientalists, having dissertations defended in the field of Orientalism in the seminary and at al-Mustafa International University, the establishment of a program on the Qurʾān and Orientalists in the Qom Seminary and at al-Mustafa International University, the publication of two quarterly academic journals on Qurʾān and Orientalist Studies, authoring critiques of Orientalism etc.

The pronunciation mechanism in the human vocal system enables the production of linguistic sounds of various types, and at levels of performance characterized by accuracy of language in transmitting the code sent from the brain to perform the sounds with specific waves understood by the members of speech community, and based on this the human pronunciation device is capable of  producing linguistic voices of different types in all the languages of the world, and the lengths in vowels and consonant sounds commensurate with the nature of the production of language in each speech community. The difficulty in producing language voices in a language is by speakers of other language, that is how to train speech organs to produce the voices of language B just like the manner in which native speakers pronounce sounds. The languages of the world differ in the distribution of the phones and tend to use the easier in the areas of the center and the introduction of the mouth, unlike the Arabic language, which is witnessing the distribution of the output of the use of all areas of the pronunciation machine in the alphabetical voice. This research highlights the problems of the performance of sounds In the Arabic language of non-native speakers, despite the availability of the appropriate environment for language training on the production of the sounds of the Arabic language through the spread and transmission of the production of the Koranic text in some Aryan languages, and we chose the Persian language as model in the analysis of acoustic voices problem Producing a number of solutions that contribute to the education and control of the voices of the Arabic language in the production.

Culture as an important element has been intensively used by textbook authors recently. Culture is one of the most intriguing criteria encouraging students to learn a foreign language. Sadi Alhayat textbook series written for non-Arabic language learners in Iran are considered the most popular educational series in this field. This textbook has been written for all Arabic language learners all over the world, which is why the researchers have focused on this collection. The researchers have studied various elements and the most prominent criteria of world culture as well as the extent to which these cultural elements have been embedded in Sadi Al-Hayat. A mixed-method approach was adopted to tap into this research’s questions. All the 13 volumes of Sadi Al-Hayat were scrutinized and all the pictures, texts, audio files related to world culture were collected and analyzed qualitatively. The findings showed that the authors of Sadi Al-Hayat  textbook series have used only 57 items which refer to world culture, including names, information about countries and cities, personality traits, sports, events as well as some general global information.