One of the serious challenges the discourse on Mahdaviyat has faced, due to the long absence of Imam Mahdi, is that people are getting disappointed at his reappearance. The challenge becomes more serious when we notice those narrations that have tied in his reappearance with people's disappointment. Those narrations seemingly disagree with Imam Ali's saying: "Wait for Imam Mahdi and never despair of Allah's soothing mercy; because our best doing to Allah is waiting for him" which indicates a basic connection between waiting for Imam Mahdi and not to despair of Allah's mercy. The serious question is the way to explain these narrations so that they don't disagree with that foregoning principle. To get a straight answer, we have to know the exact relationship between waiting for him and getting disappointed about his long absence. In fact, what properly indicates their relationship, is the great emphasis Islam has placed on hoping for Allah's mercy, which results in action and progress, as well as Islam's strict forbiddances from getting disappointed about Allah's mercy which leads to interia and escape from responsibility. Furthermore, there are lots of narrations stating that only those who try hard for justice and sovereignty of justice are the sincere expectant ones. Therefor, the sentences that say his reappearance will not occur unless all people get disappointed about the situation, do not mean to give us permission to lose hope. However, they can mean that he will not reappear until people find out that all governments and policies are hopeless at rulling over the world and it will not happen until they mentally grow as much as they can understand that no one can behave as well and justly as he can.

The narratives containing the combination of " Intiẓār al-Faraj" suggest, in their literal sense, the anticipation of the disentanglement and the removal of hardships This combination has been cited with inconsistencies, both in the intellectual sphere of Shia and in the narrative and interpretive sources of the Sunni community. This article is structured as a response to the question of how the aforementioned combination has been inconsistently utilized in two distinct intellectual spaces and authoritative sources of Shia and Sunni interpretations, exhibiting inconsistency between the two sects. This interpretation has entered the field of Mahdism discussions among the Shias, yet despite the belief of the majority of Sunni groups in the subject of the Mahdism, their literature has not reached this level of exploration. The leading article has been structured with the aforementioned approach in mind, aiming to present these two movements by representing the narrations at hand, examining the extent of the conceptual framework and the application of this phrase in the discussions of both sects; Until through these investigations and hadith analyses, it becomes apparent, that this combination has had heterogeneous applications over time and in the sources of the two sects. The Shia, based on its doctrinal foundations in Mahdism and Messianism, considers the advent of the Promised Mahdi as the most sublime example of the expectation of relief, and has emphasized it; whereas the Sunni only considers it as hope for the alleviation of hardships and tribulations

This study investigates the use of dress words in the 4th Century (AH), particulary in two books by Ghazi Tanoukhi. The article attempts to reveal the phonological and lexical changes and developments related to clothing. It also examines the manner of articulation such sounds and compare them with the manner of articulation of Arabic sounds, so that the differences and commonalities are shown. The article also discusses changes which occurred to Arabized words. In relation to the meanings of such words, this study examines them according to their etimology in Arabic dictionaries and dictionaries of Arabized words, so that it is revealed whether the meanings of these words match with their meanings as used by the people of that period. The article then describes the semantic changes which occurred in the language of people in the 4th century.

The book Al-Faraj  Bad al-Shedda is one of the narrative works that revives a large part of ancient popular culture and literature In this book, more than two hundred life stories of people caught in problems are depicted in the form of stories. These people have been saved by trusting God in facing the problems of life. One of the appropriate models of translation criticism is Katarina Reiss's model, which has received less attention from researchers. Considering the comprehensiveness of translation criticism techniques in Katarina Reiss's model compared to other translation models, the present study can be used as a suitable example and model by researchers in the field of translation criticism in Arabic language and literature. This research tries to provide a general analysis of the Persian translation of the book Al-Faraj Bad al-Shedda from two linguistic and meta-linguistic perspectives by using Reiss's model in the Arabic text. Because the difference in the structure of the two languages is significant and this issue can be useful in translation research and linguistic studies.

In most of history books 4th A.H. has been introduced a sadifferent kind of Islamic civilization, because of having a lot of well known person that can astonish researchers. There were a lot of people who migrated to Basre and learned Arabic and literature from Ebne doraid. Sinse knowing words is very important and it’s source other knowledges and it shows his greatpart in growing science and civilization. And he had most of the students. Historians has told he had 64 students who, “Abo Ali Ghali”, “Marzabani”, “Sirafi”, “Ebn Shazan”, “Abo al-Faraj Al-Esfahani”, “Ebn Khalavie”, “Romani”, “Amedi”, “Abo Ali Al-Farsi”, were well know between them. And they had an obvious effection science and knowledge. Abo Al-Faraj Al-Esfehani’s dictionary – aghani – affected Arabic books and improved them. Abo Ali Ghali who was sent to Ghortobe by Abdolrahman Naser be came a leader of great Andelos literal and scient. ..

Al-Faraj Ba`Da al-Shiddah (Deliverance Follows Adversity) is a book written in Arabic by Al-Qazi Al-Muhassin ibn Ali Al-Tanuhkhi in the 4th century Hijri. He was known for his strong memory. His son has narrated: “Besides memorizing Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic) and post-Islamic poems, he memorized jurisprudential issues, hadith, theology, logic, geometry, traditional astronomy, and seven hundred odes by Abu Tamam and Bahtri”. This book was translated into Persian for the first time by Mohammad Awfi, but there is no copy of that translation, except for the anecdotes that he narrated from this book in Jawami ul-Hikayat. Afterward, the book was translated into Persian by Hossein Ibn Ahmad Dehestani in the 7th century to which he added some Persian poems and the conclusion to the anecdotes. Al-Faraj Ba`da al-Shiddah contains anecdotes of miserable people who were released and escaped from difficulties. The purpose of the author in this book, which is full of historical and instructive anecdotes, is to portray the society of his time and its evil traits and also narrate the stories of humane and moral behavior of the characters in his stories and the effect of those behaviors in freeing people from problems. Before al-Qadi al-Tanuhkhi, Madaini compiled a book in five or six pages and narrated the stories of people who were caught by grief and sorrow but then were released from hardship and difficulties and named it “al-Faraj Ba`Da al-Shiddah and al-Zaiq”. Later, al-Tanuhkhi added some parts to this book and compiled it into 14 chapters, each with a different title but with the themes highlighted in al-Faraj Ba`Da al-Shiddah. 

To understand the themes in the book al-Faraj Ba`Da al-Shiddah, it is necessary to analyze the Arabic poems in the book, excluding the Arabic poems added by the translator. To do so, it is necessary to determine the era of the poet after correcting the poems while checking the reliability of the translation, their syntactical, rhetorical, and Islamic-Arabic cultural connections with the Persian text, and the entry of various information into the Persian prose to specify the literary genres used in the text of the book. 

Abu Ali Muhassin ibn Abul Qasim Ali Tanuhkhi (327-384 AH) was a literary judge and writer of the 4th century AH and the author of al-Nashwaar al-Mahadera, Akhbar al-Mahakara, and -Faraj Ba`Da al-Shiddah. He was born in Basra in 327 AH and grew up there in his literary and hadithologist family and then in Ahvaz. All his instructors during his childhood or adolescence were celebrated scholars, and Abu Bakr Soli is undoubtedly the most eminent one. It is obvious that in the family of a great judge like Abul Qasim Tanuhkhi, religious education was ahead of literary education.
Al-Faraj Ba`Da al-Shiddah (Deliverance Follows Adversity) is a book written in Arabic by Al-Qadi Al-Muhassin ibn Ali Al-Tanuhkhi in the 4th century Hijri. To make his prose better understood and beautified, Tanuhkhi has narrated poems from himself or others that contain some religious, literary, historical, and scientific information. These poems are sometimes expressed by the author himself and sometimes by the characters of the stories. This book was translated into Persian for the first time by Mohammad Awfi, but there is no copy of that translation, except for the anecdotes that he narrated from this book in Jawami ul-Hikayat. Afterward, the book was translated into Persian by Hossein Ibn Ahmad Dehestani in the 7th century under the name of Wazir Ezzeddin Taher bin Zangi Faryoumdi. He also added Persian poems to it and at the end of each story, he narrated the main themes and conclusions. The book contains 13 chapters and narrates anecdotes of miserable people who were released and escaped from difficulties. The purpose of the author in this book, which is full of historical and instructive anecdotes, is to portray the society of his time and its evil traits and also narrate the stories of humane and moral behavior of the characters in his stories and the effect of those behaviors in freeing people from problems. Before al-Qadi al-Tanuhkhi, Madaini compiled a book in five or six pages and narrated the stories of people who were caught by grief and sorrow but then were released from hardship and difficulties and named it “al-Faraj Ba`Da al-Shiddah and al-Zaiq”.
One of the famous anecdotes is related to Abdullah bin Tahir bin Al-Hussein bin Musab bin Zuriq al-Khaza’i, the emir of Khorasan during the Abbasid era. He wrote an ode in praise of his family, Tahir, Hussain, and Musab. He exaggerates that no one is higher in honor than them. Moreover, they had no rival in fighting and conquering the enemies and dominating Baghdad with a violent army:I am the one who you know me and my ancestors
Who are the virtuous of the world and the lords of the land
My grandfather is Musab, a lord from the Prophet’s household
A great man is known for his nobleness and virtues
Hussain was also a lord at that time;
When there was no peace and stability in the land
Abdullah went to Egypt on behalf of Ma’mun in 210 AH. On the way, he restored peace to Damascus and its neighboring areas and defeated his enemy, Muhammad bin Yazid Umayyad. Before that, this person insulted Abdullah by writing an ode praising Tahir, and now he apologized, by referring to one of the verses of Abdullah’s ode, which admired his father’s magnanimity. He stated his Arab bias towards Tahir Ajam as the reason for his action and asked for forgiveness. Abdullah also renounced his sins.

In Al-Faraj Ba`Da al-Shiddah, al-Qazi Tanuhkhi has written some poems in Arabic, which are sometimes narrated by the author and sometimes by the characters in the stories. Except for the poems of Hossein bin Asad Dehestani, most of the poems belong to the Abbasid period, such as al-Qazi Tanuhkhi, Bahtri, Da’abl Khaza’i, Abu al-Atahiya, Imam al-Shafa’i, Rateji, Attabi, Fazl bin Rabi’, Ibrahim bin Al-Mahdi, al-Husain bin al-Dahhak Abdullah bin Tahir, Abu al-Abbas bin Nawaleh, and Muhammad bin Yazid. A few poems belong to the Umayyad period, praising Hammad al-Rawieh, Ashi Hamdan, Abu al-Aswad al-Dauli, Ali bin Abi Talib, and Yazid bin Dabba al-Thaqafi. Some errors can be seen in the translation of poems and Arabic translations, and sometimes the poet’s name, such as Rathi, has been reported by mistake. Poetic translations are also not free from errors. Arabic poems are often used as substitutes for the phrase “these verses” and the like, and sometimes as direct quotations. Some verses are the emphasis and repetition of the meaning of the prose phrases repeated before. Moreover, sometimes the answer or rejection of the poem is related to previous verses. The themes expressed in the poems in al-Faraj Ba`da al-Shiddah include the conspiracies of the courtiers, the hardships of captivity, the divine decree and the instability of the times, the effect of music, the migration of the beloved, the good fortune, the duties of a friend, the recommendation of patience like the patience of Job, avoiding desperation and despondency, expediency, praise of the Prophet’s household and Arabism, and the innumerable cruelty of Bani Umayyad and Ibn Ziyad to the offspring of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The poems in the book illustrate many Arabic customs and traditions reflecting religious, romantic issues, etc., including themes from the verses and traditions such as the themes of verse 26 of Ale Imran and the prayer of Joshan Kabir, Rami al-Jamarat [Stoning of the Devil], Ihram from the Shajra Mosque, the hereditary nature of the caliphate, and reference to romantic relationships and courtesies in the palaces of the Abbasid caliphs.

به منظور اثربخشی حساسیت زدایی حرکت چشم- بازپردازش (EMDR) در کاهش اضطراب زلزله و احساس های منفی ناشی از تجربه زلزله 41 نفر از کسانی که زلزله بم را تجربه کرده بودند انتخاب شدند و به طور تصادفی به گروه آزمایشی یا گروه گواه فهرست انتظار گمارده شدند. مشارکت کنندگان در گروه آزمایشی در چهار جلسه (EMDR) با استفاده از برنامه نرم افزاری شرکت کردند و مورد ارزیابی چندگانه قبل – بعد و یک ماه پس از درمان قرار گرفتند. یافته های مقایسه بین گروه آزمایشی و گروه گواه از یک سو و مقایسه اندازه گیری های قبل و بعد از درمان از سوی دیگر نشان داد که EMDR در کاهش اضطراب زلزله و هیجان های منفی دیگر ناشی از تجربه زلزله موثر است. به علاوه نتایج نشان داد که بهبود ناشی از EDMR در پیگیری یک ماه پس از درمان باقی بود. همچنین استفاده از EDMR در گروه گواه فهرست انتظار حاکی از تاثیر این فن است. این یافته ها با یافته های سایر پژوهش های مربوط به کارآیی و اثربخشی EDMR در درمان اضطراب، ترس مرضی، PTSD، سوگ، و دیگر احساسات ناخوشایند ناشی از تجارب ضربه زا همخوانی دارند و نشان می دهند که کارآزمایان بالینی می توانند به طور موفقیت آمیزی از نرم افزارهایی همچون نرم افزاری که در این مطالعه استفاده شده حتی به شکل گروهی برای درمان EDMR استفاده کنند