The city of Shiraz, in the Qajar era, although lost its former importance, following the selection of Tehran as the capital of Iran and Tabriz as the crown prince residence. The Fars province as the capital of Zand government and for its location as the Crown Prince residence in early period of Qajar domination as well as its closeness to the Persian Gulf, was of great significance in this era. Fars had special internal divisions and local organizational structure in the Qajar era that in course of this period changed. This paper, by using descriptiveanalytical method, intends to answer the following questions: what were the most effective factors involving in the changing of the territorial area of the Fars state? and what type of political measures did the government take to stabilize power of the Qajar government in this state? In the reign of Mohammad Shah, because of the Fars governor’s rebellion,The central government reduced the power of the rulers as well as Limiting the territory of Fars. Central government used the state's traditional powers such as the kalantar ‘the officer’, to balance the power in this state.

After the conquest of Tehran, Bakhtiari Khans have achieved the highest levels of state and executive power from the position of tribal leaders for the first time. Achieving Bakhtiari Khans to power in second constitutional governments was accompanied by ups and downs that had effects across the country, especially in the Fars province. What effect did Bakhtiari Khans’s power fluctuation have on the developments and events in Fars during the years 1909 lunar until 1913 lunar? This is a question that is described and explained based on new sources and documents and with descriptive and analytical method in this research. An examination of this issue reveals that the position and conditions of Bakhtiari Khans in the second constitutional governments directly influenced the equations of power and political and social conditions of the Fars province. Their one-sided interference and positioning caused instability, increased tensions and clashes between the political forces and, as a result, it was the grund for intervention and presence of British forces in Fars. Finally, with the power decline of Bakhtiari khans in the government, it was returned the relative calm and balance of power among the political forces to Fars.

Various external and internal factors have influenced the relationships between the government and the people of Iran in different periods, among which one can refer to the decisions and policies of rulers in various circumstances. The issue of the present research is to examine the impact of some policies and actions of the central government and the rulers of the Fars province on the satisfaction level of the people of Shiraz during the Nasirid era, for which the author has attempted to investigate this topic using descriptive and analytical methods and relying on library data. The city of Shiraz, as the center of Fars province during the Qajar era, due to its proximity to the Persian Gulf and the influence of the British in the southern regions of the country, was of great interest, and the Qajar kings, in order to establish security in this city, would select its governor—who held the most important political position in the Fars province—from among the princes and renowned dignitaries. According to the findings of the research, the nature of government decisions such as the approach to natural disasters like earthquakes and contagious diseases, establishing order and security in the city, punishing criminals, addressing people's complaints, and establishing social justice, played a significant role in the relations between the government and the different strata of the people of Shiraz.

After the constitutional revolution, women in the provinces, as well as in the capital, became involved in social activities such as the founding of schools, associations and newspapers. Women in Fārs and the city of Bushehr (which was part of the province during the Pahlavi period) also followed suit. This research attempts to determine the characteristics of women’s first experiences in journalism and the people involved based on a descriptive-analytical method using archival documents. According to the research findings, Shaukat Salami, one of the leading educated women in Bushehr at the beginning of the Pahlavi period, founded the first school for girls in Bushehr with the help of dignitaries and merchants of the city. Later, she published the Nurafshan newspaper to achieve women’s rights and their participation in political and social activities. Although it was a right-wing newspaper, Nurafshan published articles on women’s demands in all its issues

The Qashqai tribe is one of the southern tribes of Iran whose main center was in Fars province. The Qashqais participated in the political and military events of Fars after the fall of the Safavid government. The present article tries to answer the question, what was the political status and changes of the Qashqai tribe, especially its leaders, during the period (1723- 1796 A.D)? And how was their geographical distribution? The article's findings show that the Qashqai tribe took two processes of compromise and cooperation and confrontation and opposition in the governments of Afshar and Zand. Most of the information about the Qashqai tribe includes the heads of that tribe who were from sub-tribe Shahilo. The first person among the Qashqai chiefs about whom there is more historical data is Ismail Khan blind Qashqai. After the death of Karim Khan, the Qashqais were also involved in the disputes of the successors of Karim Khan Zand. The Qashqais supported the Zandi until the end of the Zand rule. The Qashqai chiefs who headed the tribs had the title of Ilbeg at least since the Zand period .The geographical distribution, ownership and summer quarters and winter quartrs of Qashqai tribe in great Fars state..

The local and bureau elites had been always among the effective political and social groups in Fars province in a way that the Fars governance was directly related to their performance. Therefore, the analysis of the historical events of Fars requires understanding and explaining the relations existed between the elites and the other effective elements in province. Moshir al-Molk family is one of those local elites who, with the presence of nearly half a century (1826-1876) in the Ministry of Fars, gathered a lot of strength and credibility. Considering the influence of this family on the political and social life of Fars and using historical sources, the actions of this family in the governance of Fars is examined in present study through a descriptive-analytical method. The findings show that, with regard to the arrangement of political forces and distribution and concentration of power in Fars, the Moshir al-Molk family interacted and competed with other local elites, especially Qashqai and Qawam al-molk families, to access interests relying on power resources (class, personal, public, spiritual etc.). Beyond their political functions, their socio-economic activities had a significant role in promotion of their social status. The results also prepare detailed information about their arrival and performance, especially their most famous character, Mirza Abolhassan Khan Moshir al-molk (1840-1917).

The Shiraz and Mamasani Conquest by Manoochehr Khan Motamed-al-Dowleh Gorji and his dominance over this land and the whole Fars State, from 1834 to1836 AD is one of the most important historical events in Fars and Iran during the Qajar dynasty. In his manuscript, ‘Madayih Al-Motamedieh’, written in his name to describe his political life, intentionally or unintentionally, the events that happened during these two years are briefly and practically distorted. Unfortunately, in other first-hand sources, only brief and repetitive references to this period have been made. This paper aims at explaining Shiraz and Mamasani Conquest by Manoochehr Khan Motamed-al-Dowleh and his political style in Fars based on first-hand sources. Moreover, this article also discusses the importance of why the state of Fars has been so important in the eyes of the Qajar government and has always been the center of discord and policy-making.

This paper is based on the memoir ‘Madayih Al-Motamedieh’, applying a personal historiographical method to describe the biography of a Qajar politic called Manoochehr Khan Motamed-al-Dowleh Gorji, written in 1843 AD. As the title shows, this memoir praises him; however, it is worth mentioning that Mirza Mohammad Ali Bahar, through his talent and subtlety in writing, has portrayed his personality and behavior. The main question in this paper is why a memoir, written to portray Motamed-al-Dowleh’s conquests, has only briefly mentioned Shiraz and Mamasani conquest even though this is one of his most important achievements. Surprisingly, other sources have ignored what has happened during these two years too. It seems that the conquest had been so disastrous that a memoir, which aimed at praising a governor, had to hide the facts. Other sources, however, need to be searched considering why they had refrained from mentioning these events. The author is Mirza Mohammad Ali Mazhab Isfahani, called Farhang/Bahar. In a long ‘introduction’, he explains the dominance of Motamed-al-Dowleh Gorji. Manoochehr Khan Gorji had a noble family in Georgia, Russia. He was captured in 1803 during the Iran-Russia wars and was taken to Tehran. It seems that he was castrated by the government and was sent as a slave to the king’s palace. This painful misfortune left a lifelong psychological effect on him. He used his culture and knowledge of some languages and political talent to find an important place in the palace. After Mirza Abdolvahab Nishat Isfahani died in 1829, Manoochehr Khan replaced him. During Fath-Ali Shah and Mohammad Shah, two Qajar kings, he became the governor of Fars.

This research is a library and contrastive analysis of first-hand sources to explain the subject of research according to the memoir ‘Madayih Al-Motamedieh.’ Different sources have mentioned the events very briefly. The authors of this study used the contrastive method to collect different parts like a puzzle from different sources to put forward a holistic picture of what had happened during those two years.

Motamed Al-Dowleh had authority over the affairs. According to many sources, he helped Mohammad Shah to strengthen his power over Tehran, Isfahan, and Fars. Later, Mohammad Mirza joined Motamed Al-Dowleh, the governor of Guilan to fight against other claimants. Georgians supported Mohammad Shah in all affairs. Motamed Al-Dowleh was sent to conquer Fars state in 1834. He then passed the doors of Fars and conquered the State in that year after three days. After a while, he attacked country people to get their property. It seems that most of these issues are not mentioned in the memoir, issues like the suicide of women in Fars. As it is observed in general histories, local sources, and other reports, the government of Manoochehr Khan on Fars state and nearby states had been a government of terror and horror. The tower that he made out of living human bodies of Fars was so horrendous, which is reflected in the itineraries of travelers. The reason behind this inhuman atrocity maybe for his ruthless personality. Even based on psychological studies, it is possible to find a type of suppressed anguish and anger resulted from his castration. Furthermore, Fars state was a wealthy state because of farming and trading, therefore the central government advised governors to use force to get high taxes from states’ heads, tradesmen. Then the central government played the role of a savior by dismissing the governor and confiscating the properties. This happened about Manoochehr Khan too. It is not strange why a memoir written about Motamed Al-Dowleh has ignored his inhumane atrocities. Based on documents, his two-year government on Fars was a government of deception. The researchers have to collect the parts of the puzzle form different texts to conclude what had happened to urban and rural societies during the Qajar was a dark, ruthless image.

Qashqai tribe is one of the big and ancient tribes of southern Iran. Fars province is the main center of their life, but since the life of the nomads is connected with nature, according to the season they migrate to reach Yailaq and Qeshlaq. During the reign of Fath_Ali_Shah, the Qashqai tribe became a powerful tribe in Fars province that Jani_Khan and his children were the head of it. document containing six endowments letter from Jani_Khan and his children has remained. But what historical information do the endowments letters provide in the field of Qashqai and documentary studies? This article is written with the aim of introducing and analyzing six endowment letters of Jani_Khan and his children with a descriptive analytical method. The results show that some endowment documents remained from the Shahilo family. The geographical scope of theses endowments is Fars province and during the governorship of Hossein_Ali_Mirza. The endowments letters indicate that Ismail_Khan Qashqai had another son named Reza_Khan in addition to his two sons named Jani_Khan and Haji_Hassan_Khan. In the endowment letters the shares of five people of the Shahilo_family from their properties in Shiraz and sections of Fars province have been determined. Jani_Khan and his sons named Muhammad_Ali_Khan and Morteza_Gholi_Khan have dedicated their estate. Endowments made with, different motivations, are specific and general specific. By searching for the names of Shaykh al-Islam, the wording of the registration, the place of the seal, and the names of the writers and the registrars we can understand that the endownment letters of Qashqai were organized and registered in a special way in the Islamic court of Shiraz.