This study was conducted to compare the feedlot performance and growth traits of Lori-Bakhtiari (n=39), Romanov × Lori-Bakhtiari (n=38) and Pakistani × Lori-Bakhtiari crossbred (n=12) lambs during two consecutive years. Lambs were weaned at the age of 90 ± 5 days. After weaning and preliminary fattening period, three groups of lambs were fattened for 90 days in the same conditions. The results showed that weaning weight in Romanov × Lori-Bakhtiari crossbred lambs were significantly higher than in Lori-Bakhtiari and Pakistani × Lori-Bakhtiari crossbred lambs. Lori-Bakhtiari and Romanov × Lori-Bakhtiari lambs were not significantly different (P

This study was conducted to investigate the performance of growth and carcass traits of Lori-Bakhtiari (L), Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari (F1RL), Pakistani×Lori-Bakhtiari (F1PL), (Pakistani×Lori-Bakhtiari)×(Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari) (¼P¼R½L) and (Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari)×(Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari) (F2RL) crossbred lambs. Carcass characteristics of Lori-Bakhtiari (n=50), F1RL (n=41) and F2RL (n=20) crossbred lambs. Lambs were weaned at the age of 90 ± 5 days. Lambs were slaughtered at six month of age. Birth weight in Lori-Bakhtiari (5.12 kg) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in Romanov (4.81 kg) and Pakistani (4.57 kg) crossbred. Weaning weight and body weight in six months were significantly higher (P<0.05) in Romanov × Lori-Bakhtiari crossbred lambs (30.96 and 42.75, respectively) than in Lori-Bakhtiari (28.81 and 41.69, respectively) and others genetic compositions. F1RL and F2RL crossbred lambs for lean percentage were significantly (P<0.05) higher than in Lori-Bakhtiari lambs in constant age (59.57, 60.57 and 50.03, repectively) and in constant weight (60.99, 59.24 and 49.56, repectively). Weight and percentage of total fat of carcass in Lori-Bakhtiari lambs (7.56 kg, 31.57% in constant age 6.65 kg, 30.46% in constant weight, repectively) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than of F1RL (4.25 kg, 20.91% and 4.30 kg, 20.08%, repectively) and F2RL (2.95 kg, 17.97% and 5.12 kg, 22.46%, repectively) lambs. In conclusion, crossbreeding between Romanov and Lori-Bakhtiari (F1) improves body weight at weaning and at six months of age, and carcass composition.

During the Mashroteh era and thereafter, many poets in the land of Bakhtiari have participated in the field of poetry and literature, many of them have mastered Persian language and literature and they have written works in the Persian dialect and they have also presented the works in the Bakhtiari dialect. Meanwhile, a number of Bakhtiari poets have particularly devoted their poems to the Bakhtiari dialect. One of the most prominent forerunners of Bakhtiari poetry in this era is Molla Zolfali Bakhtiari, whose work marks the beginning of a major revolution in contemporary Bakhtiari dialectic poetry. Molla Zolfali Bakhtiari is one of the pioneers of Bakhtiari dialect poetry before DarabAfsar. His poems in the original words of Bakhtiari indicate he was proficient in the Bakhtiari dialect. Molla Zolfali has two important works and some scattered poems - "Mearajnameh" and "Hadith of Kasa" which show the poet's authority and ability in the Bakhtiari dialect. He has written "Mearajnameh" in ascension of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and in favor of Bakhtiari’s Lore people and "Hadith of Kasa" in praise and greatness of the Prophet's family and Imams. Considering Molla's important role in writing poetry (Bakhtiari) and showing his position in this field, this article introduces the poet and it deals with the poet's opinions and his major thoughts on poetry. This research is descriptive-analytical and it is based on library resources.

Hossein Qoli Khan, Bakhtiari boss in the Nasrid era, tried to secure the security of the Bakhtiari areas and gain legitimacy for himself by using various political, police and judicial methods. By interacting properly with the government officials, he upgraded the position of his clan from a threat against the established government to a useful and effective element. Dismantling banditry, securing the roads and creating a simple judicial mechanism to maintain the existing security were among his other effective measures in providing social security. In this regard, the present article with a descriptive-analytical approach and posing the question: what was the effect of the security measures of Hossein Qali Khan Bakhtiari in the Bakhtiari-populated areas in the development of his political legitimacy and the formation of his authority in the opinion of the central government, people and Bakhtiari clans? It explains and analyzes the order and coherence of the region in the light of his security measures. The result of the research shows that the mentioned character, who had reached the position of Khan in the traditional way, was first appointed to the position of Nazmi Bakhtiari and then Ilkhani of all Bakhtiari clans in the light of constructive interaction with the center. While gaining political legitimacy, he institutionalized the power structure of the clan and established different conditions in the contemporary history of the Bakhtiari clan.

The aim of this experiment was to compare the feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Lori Bakhtiari and Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari crossbreed lambs. Forty-four Lori-Bakhtiari lamb and Forty-four Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari lambs were used in a completely randomized design and using a factorial method (2×2) during two consecutive years. The average daily gain and daily feed intake were determined by individual weaning of each animal and then feed conversion ratio was calculated. Carcass characteristics of lambs were measured. The results showed that average daily gain during fattening period (212.1vs. 179.6 g), final fattening weight (52.12 vs. 48.26 kg), feed intake, carcass weight and fat tail percentage in Lori Bakhtiari lambs were greater than Romanov× Lori Bakhtiari crossbred lambs. The average daily gain before weaning (298.4 vs. 266.8 g), the average daily gain during fattening period (217.2 vs. 161.9 g), and feed conversion ratio (7.62 vs. 9.75) in male lambs was better than female lambs (p < 0.05). Fat tail percentage and total carcass fat content in male lambs were higher than that of female lambs (p < 0.05). It is concluded that, Romanov×Lori Bakhtiari crossbred lambs had higher performance than Lori Bakhtiari lambs before weaning. However, fattening period performance and carcass weight in Bakhtiari lambs were higher compared to Romanov×Lori Bakhtiari crossbred lambs. In addition, energy spent per kg of carcass and live weights in Bakhtiari lambs was lower than Romanov×Lori Bakhtiari crossbreds. Therefore, it can be concluded that the indigenous Bakhtiari sheep breed is more useful for fattening than that of Romanov×Lori Bakhtiari crossbreds in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.

Taking a look at the Qajar era reveals that countless events and changes occurred in that era. One can surely say that the diversity of events and changes in the Qajar era surpasses those of other eras in Iran’s history. Such changes appeared in political, social, economic, cultural and religious areas. This was because of the fact that different groups, with various viewpoints, played roles in the mentioned changes. One of these groups was the Bakhtiari tribe. Because of their part in those events, this research is devoted to the failure of Bakhtiaris in the Qajar era, before the conquest of Tehran, and the loss of their political status after the conquest of Tehran. Although the role of different groups in various areas in the aforesaid period is revealed to a large extent, the role of the Bakhtiari tribe in this field is not clear. Considering the fact that tribes were also influential in Iran’s history in the Qajar era, this research reviews the role the Bakhtiari tribe in this era.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of Bakhtiari women and their problems and injuries in Beebee Maryam-e- Bakhtiari's Memoirs as the main research tool. Research Method was historical-analytical and documental. the findings are got compared to other related texts and Finally, explaned and analysed. This study has evaluated the problems and injuries of Bakhtiari women, many of which have been raised in the context of Maryam's infant life.The findings of this study indicate that: According to the evidence presented by Beebee Maryam, women in Bakhtiari patriarchal society have faced numerous problems. The lack of inheritance, the illiteracy of the majority of them, and the lack of emancipation were the general problems faced by Bakhtiari women, in Maryam's view. Also in marriage, women have the least rights and there is no guarantee of their happiness or even the smooth release of the difficult life.

During the Qajar period, the Bakhtiaris and the British had friendly relations which entered a new phase with the construction of the Bakhtiari road by the Lynch company. The construction of this road, although being a turning point in the relations between the two sides, created challenges among them. These Challenges are questioned in this research. What role did the construction of Bakhtiari Road, known as Lynch Road, play in the process of relations between the Bakhtiari Khans and the British government? The assumption of the research is based on the premise that although the construction of Bakhtiari road led to further expansion of the relations between the Bakhtiari Khans and the British, at the same time, the existence of a number of factors and issues created resentments and challenges between the two sides. The findings of the research show that factors such as disputes over financial issues, instability and insecurity of the road, as well as the failure to fulfill the promises and duties of the parties caused challenges and damages in the relations between the Bakhtiaris and the British on Lynch Road.

The Constitution governed after Mohammad Ali Shah’s decline. Bakhtiyaries have important role in Tehran capturing and Constitution reviving.they had many influence in Constitutional governments and got very important positions. Isfahan was one of the richest cities of Iran. Bakhtiyari khans captured Isfahan and governed utill Reza Shah dominated over there. Najaf-Qoli khan Samsamossaltaneh Bakhtiyari controlled Isfahan and introduced as Isfahan first governor after autocracy’s decline. Then Khosro khan Sardar Zafar, Gholam- hossein khan Sardar Mohtasham, Sultan Mohammad khan Sardar Ashjae, Nasir khan were the governors of Isfahan utilll 925. Shokrollah khan Qavamoddoleh governed there for a period by Bakhtiyari’s agreement, but his government was very short. Reza shah got prime Minister Position in 1925, from when non Bakhtiyari governors ruled Isfahan. Bakhtiyari khans ruled just Chahar Mahal-e- Bakhtiyari Area then.