This article conducts a comparative analysis of the concept of insight (Basirat) in Islamic Sufism and Buddhist philosophy, aiming to elucidate the epistemic similarities and differences between these two prominent spiritual traditions. In Islamic Sufism, insight is defined as a means to attain divine knowledge and unity with God, achieved through spiritual practices and mystical experiences. Conversely, in Buddhist philosophy, insight refers to the understanding of the impermanence and interdependence of all phenomena, leading to liberation from the cycle of birth and death (samsara). The study reveals that both traditions regard insight as a pivotal tool for self-purification, inner peace, and enlightenment. Furthermore, insight in both frameworks significantly influences individual and social life. In Islamic Sufism, insight fosters empathy and social responsibility, encouraging individuals to transcend selfish desires and engage in acts of service and justice. Similarly, in Buddhist philosophy, insight cultivates compassion and altruism, promoting harmonious relationships and reducing the suffering of others. The findings highlight that despite the distinct philosophical underpinnings and cultural contexts, both Sufism and Buddhism recognize insight as essential for spiritual growth and societal well-being. This research underscores the universal significance of insight as a multidimensional concept that bridges personal enlightenment and social harmony, offering a foundation for intercultural and interreligious dialogue. The study emphasizes the potential of comparative spiritual studies to enhance mutual understanding and cooperation among diverse religious and cultural traditions.

This article examines the role of insight (Basira) in the process of ijtihad and the derivation of Sharia rulings, evaluating its impact on the accuracy and validity of fatwas. Insight, as a mental and spiritual attribute, assists scholars in understanding religious texts beyond their apparent meanings and enables them to derive rulings aligned with the objectives of Sharia, considering the circumstances of time and place. The study first explores the concept of insight from a jurisprudential perspective, analyzing the views of past and contemporary jurists regarding its significance in ijtihad. It then assesses the impact of insight on the accuracy of fatwas by examining examples from contemporary issues, such as Islamic banking and new financial transactions. The findings indicate that insight directly influences the quality of issued fatwas and helps prevent extremism and laxity in religious rulings. Additionally, insight aids jurists in distinguishing between the superficial appearances of texts and the deeper purposes of Sharia, allowing for the issuance of comprehensive and practical rulings for modern challenges. Finally, recommendations are presented for enhancing insight within religious seminaries and educating future jurists. These suggestions include promoting the teaching of insight to students, conducting comparative research on fatwas, and further encouraging the application of insight in addressing new issues. This research concludes that strengthening insight among scholars can improve the ijtihad process and contribute to the development of Islamic jurisprudence in response to contemporary challenges.

This article presents a comparative analysis of hadiths regarding insight and ignorance from ethical and educational perspectives. Insight, as one of the fundamental characteristics of faithful individuals, refers to deep understanding and the ability to distinguish right from wrong, playing a crucial role in the moral and spiritual guidance of individuals. This paper examines the impacts of insight on moral and educational growth, as well as the detrimental effects of ignorance on moral decline and educational setbacks. Various hadiths from the Prophet Muhammad and the Imams emphasize the importance of insight and its role in enhancing individuals' ethics and education. These hadiths illustrate that insight not only brings light to the hearts of believers but also saves them from deviation and misguidance. In contrast, ignorance is recognized as one of the greatest barriers to spiritual and moral growth, leading to unethical behaviors and straying from the correct path. The article also provides practical strategies for strengthening insight and combating ignorance within educational contexts and discusses the roles of teachers, parents, and educators in this regard. Ultimately, based on the findings of this article, suggestions for future research on the deeper impacts of insight and ignorance on human education and ethics are offered.

Surrender is a means of pure subjugation for divine and infallibles' orders based on insight from the teachings of the Holy Qur'an. There is also a kind of surrender in the command system where absolute obedience to the commander is considered to be one of the features of good obedient. Since even surrender to infallible Imams is based on the insights of the surrendered ones, the surrender of the surrendered ones to non-infallibles must also be based on the discretion of the obedient. The purpose of this research is to provide and analyze Quranic and narrative documents about this theory. This research seeks to provide a view that due to the high position of reconciliation with the insight in the teachings of the Qur'an and the manner of the Imams, paying attention to that is of considerable importance in designing a desirable command model.

This research has been conducted using a descriptive and content analysis through referring to Quranic verses and behavioral and spoken words of the infallibles.
Findings and

In the Islamic command system, in addition to the fact that the commander himself must be insightful, the actions of commanding the commanders must also be based on the principle of insight, that is, the commander and the obedient should perform consciously and with the correct religious belief in the command system. Both Qur'anic and narrative documents, including insight God, insight of nature, insight of heavenly books, insight of man, basis of religion on thought, invitation of the Prophet and followers based on insight, determination, negation of imitation, the necessity of insight of all people, as well as practical practices of the infallibles, including Prophet Ibrahim and Imam Hossein represent this very important point.