The social role of Mazar institution in the social developments of Iran is the main subject of this research. Mortality and egalitarianism are components of cohesion in Iran. And what effect did it have on social developments and power discourses in Iran? Explaining the institution of the tomb seems to be a way to open this knot. This article begins with the issue of "the institution of shrines and social change in Iran." In this research: The impact of the Mazar institution on social developments in Iran from the Constitutional Revolution to the era of the Islamic Revolution becomes clear. This study explains the impact of the Mazar institution(mortality culture,rituals of morning) on social developments (Islamic Revolution,constitouational revolution)in Iran. The analysis of the research environment is based on data and logical reasoning.The research method is causal explanation and the method of data collection is library studies. The research results are an introduction to the explanation of powerful social institutions in Iran. The present study is an attempt to explain the function of social institutions in creating social change. This study claimed that social institutions are effective in creating a knowledge system. And the institution of the shrine is in the center of research attention.

Social developments have been studied by social scientists throughout history, and various classes of society, including the new middle class, have been one of their concerns. If we look at this middle class, which has been the source of social changes throughout history, according to the criteria of Laclau and Moff's theory of discourse analysis, we will find out that any changes in a society as a whole, including this class, must be viewed and analyzed only from a discourse perspective. From the point of view of Laclau and Moff’s theory, every action has a meaning and can be explained if it is seen and explained in the form of the discourse during which it has taken place. If we look at social developments, including the orientations of the middle class, from the perspective of Laclau and Moff's discourse, we must also look at what is happening and how it is changing the dominant discourse. In other words, how do social developments cause discourse change?In the present article, the developments of today's Iranian middle class during the years 1953-79 from the point of view of Laclau and Moff’s discourse analysis theory and based on three components of discourse, discourse objectivity and discourse access and the reason for the similarity of today's middle class discourse of Iranian society and revolutionary elites have been reviewed and analyzed.

Women’s effective roles and capabilities in the success of developing governments in various fields including population growth control, unemployment, etc. in recent decades have urged the researchers to pay attention to them. On the other hand, there is the fact that women are the vulnerable groups of society that social and economic developments strongly influence them. This study deals with the examination of the effects of social and economic developments on women-headed households. This study is of a survey research type. The statistical population of the study included 500 senior experts of Office of Labor and Social Welfare and its corresponding sample size was 216 individuals. The data were obtained using a reseracher-made questionnaire that had an acceptable validity and reliability coefficient (0.86 and 0.90) and then they were analyzed by t-test. Findings and the results indicated that the social and economic factors had a reverse effect on social and economic functions of women-headed households, meaning that any kind of change in the factors related to social and economic development would negatively affect the social and economic functions of women-headed households.

Using 1- Habermass approach to public sphere and intellectuals functions in the development of public sphere and 2- a documentary-historical methodology and 3- a reading of social changes of the last 200 years of Iranian history that has taken place under the role of intellectuals, This paper examines a) the function of critiques as a skills used by the intellectuals and b) the role of Iranian intellectuals in the development of public sphere and transformation of the traditional life-world to the modern life-world. This examination is done based on 1- a study of historical texts pertained to 200 years of contemporary Iranian History; 2- in addition to results of intensive interviews with a number of contemporary generation of Iranian intellectuals. The content of the interviews will not be discussed here in order to save the space for the combined analysis of the results of interviews and documentary studies. Regardless of the theoretical and methodological consideration mentioned above, it is maintained here that this paper will explain the function of Iranian intellectual discourses for transformation of Iranian traditional public sphere to a modern one. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in the field of communication in providing a new typology of Iranian intellectuals that we identified using the discursive indices that each generation of intellectuals has produced. This typology is especially important because it helps us to understand the historical specificities of Iranian public sphere.

The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic framework of factors changing the governance of higher education. The method of this research was qualitative and meta-synthesis and the library method is used  for collecting data the research community was scintific resources related to the factors changing the governance of higher education. The study population is all scientific sources related to the subject of factors factors changing the governance of higher education (between 1390 to 1400 and 2000 to 2020). Keywords: Factors Affecting Higher Education Governance, Higher Education Governance Changing, University Governance, University Generation from Internal Databases of the scientific information database (SID), Noormags, Magiran, The Comprehensive Human Resources Portal (Ensani), Tehran University's thesis and ganj-beta, and foreign databases such as Scholar.google, Elsevier, Proquest have been used  about 20 years ago. By reviewing 17 sources from 1501 primary sources, the two main dimensions of internal requirements and external requirements of factors changing the governance of higher education were identified, each of which includes components: external requirements including governance changes including globalization, power and policy changes. ; Infrastructural developments, including economic developments, managerial developments; Software developments including social developments, technological developments; Nature changes include climate change. Internal requirements are also divided into two factors intra -systemic (university challenges, academic independence, quantitative and qualitative development of higher education) and extra-systemic higher education (stakeholder participation and social change). Accordingly, in creating change and revolution in higher education, these factors should be considered and on the other hand, in analyzing issues in the field of higher education governance, the impact of these factors should not be overlooked.

Social and political developments in Pakistan have begun since the early 20th century, and Pakistani Baluch poets have played a significant role in them. The procedure of changes was mostly due to the immigration of the Baluch to other countries and their awareness of the world circumstances and the changes affecting directly or indirectly the community, spread of printing industry, publication of books, prevalence of newspapers, foundation of the Baluchi academy in the province of Baluchestan, … which changed the form and format of the poem as well as the themes in the poetry of this period. Using the descriptive –analytical method, this paper attempts to study the biography of 7 prominent poets of this period who have had a significant role in shaping the Pakistani society.

The present research is devoted to the analysis of banknote motifs after the Islamic revolution scenes as part of the reflection approach in sociology of the art. This approach examines any social developments and their reflection in works of art. Accordingly, the main question is what effect the social developments after the Islamic Revolution had on the formation and variety of banknote designs and to what extent they represent these events. To achieve the goal of the research, the designs of 35 banknotes from 1979 to 2017 were examined and adapted to the social changes of the banknote printing periods. The results show that after the orders of the great founder of the Islamic Revolution to dismantle the works and symbols of Taghut, all these elements were removed from the banknotes and social changes such as the formation of constructive jihad, people's marches during the Islamic Revolution, The liberation of Khorramshahr, nuclear Iran, the growth of science and technology, as well as the borrowing of the components desired by the government from the religion of Islam have been evident in the design of Iranian banknotes after the revolution, and their reflection can be seen in these works. The present research is based on the fundamental purpose, methodological and historical, and descriptive-analytic. The method of collecting information has been the library and field practices.

Definition of action and structure along with the extent of their effect on social changing has been regarded of the basic principles in the theories of modern sociology. It is to such an extent that the theories are distinguished based on the concepts mentioned. Most theories of the modern sociology have been mainly influenced by the way  the Action and the Structure are defined and  how they effect on social phenomenon. The role of structuralists in social happenings is denied in the theories believing in the role of agents, while structuralists considers no importance for the actionism. Having newly been defined by Gidens, in his theory of becoming structural, these two concepts have known effective in social phenomenon. This theory, therefore, made Gidens highly able to analyze these happenings clearly. The place of the Structure and the Action, in this very theory, is what to be explained in this paper so that the united state of America's happenings can be analyzed.