The present study tries to answer the question "What topics do the companions of hadith present to the audience in recording Kharijite narretive?" by understanding the value of the historical heritage of the Companions of Hadith and its impact on the minds of the audience of these works on the subject of the Kharijites of the Umayyad era and with the aim of discovering the thematic network in these texts and to achieve a pattern that explains their general logic. First, the historical heritage of the Companions of Hadith was studied in this field, and among the existing works, Tarikh Khalifa Bin Khayyat (Ibn Khayyat 240 AH), the remains of AL-Ma’refa Va Tarikh (Faswi 277 AH),Tarikh al- Umam Va al-Molouk (Tabari 310 AH), al-Montazam fi Tarikh al- Umam Va al-Molouk, (Ibn Jawzi 597 AH) were selected and the data related to the Kharijite narretives were extracted from them and then the data analysis method and its various steps were performed to analyze the data and discover the themes hidden in the selected sources and led to the discovery of four themes incuding the political-religious and pragmatic current, the constant threats of the Kharijites to the government, the repression of the Kharijites at great cost and the Islamic nature of the Kharijite repression. And these themes are against the suppression of the Kharijites, according to the approach of the hadiths to the caliphate, in order to legitimize the behavior of the Umayyads.

Kharijites were an influential group in the events of first centuries ('AH'), which was first developed as an independent sect during Imam Ali's Caliphate and the battle of Siffin and opposed the idea of going to arbitration. When 'Umayyads took Caliphate, Khawarij sparked many uprisings against them, so they were being sued by 'Umayyad rulers. This made them relocate their activities in some regions far away from the center of Caliphate, including north west of Iran and Sistan. With the help of the local people of this region, Khawarij continued their military operations against 'Umayyads and 'Abbasids for about three centuries. At the end, they could not maintain their consistency and, as a result, transmuted into local people. The main question is: why did Khawariji ideas not last in Sistan? The reasons behind their failure in this regard seem to be: their use of violence and terror, their being subject to suppression by 'Umayyads, superiority of their combating wing over their ideological wing, and their inability to conform to the native culture of Sistan.

The emergence of Kharijites in battle of Siffin and their continual presence led to formation and growth of new issues in different religious subjects. Raising doctrinal, political and social issues on problem such as the verdict of committing deadly sins, political thoughts, social opinions, religious beliefs and women’s issues led to disagreements and divergence of Kharijites into different sects including Azariqa, Najadat, Safariyyah, Abadiyyah, Waqifiyyah, Akhnasiyyah and Shabibiyyah. Therefore, some issues and innovations among different sects of Kharijites regarding women remained vague and with partial knowledge, for instance: sanction or prohibition of stoning and permitting or banning marriage with unbelievers, especially among Shabibiyyah. Thus, the question of the present paper is: What are Kharijites’ attitudes, especially Shabibiyyah, toward different issues regarding women? It seems they have innovated many religious laws regarding women, like other religious issues. In the present paper the attitudes of Kharijites on women will be presented in order to reach a deeper understanding of them in the history of Islam. The applied methodology is an analytical – historical method which led to these Women’s presence in social affairs, having the right to become Imam for women and the condition of Hijarat (migration) in marring women.

The main aim of this article is examining and analyzing role of Khavarej of Azaraqeh in political evolution of Kerman in first Hijri century. The discoveries of this research shows that juncture weakness of Omavi’s government after Mo’aviyah’s death and also far distance of Kerman from Caliphate center cause Khaverj of Azaraqeh became strength in this area. Moreover in Abdol Malek ebn Marvan’s era (65-85) their danger became visible for him and he by sending his selected commandant, Molhab ebn ebi Safreh, tries to repress them. In this research in interim of examining ideological changes of Kerman society in the threshold of entering Khavarej Azaraqeh, tries to illustrate reasons of their presence and their roles in political and social evolutions of first century. Furthermore the last section of research would contain results of Khavarej Azarageh’s presence in Kerman. In this article with descriptive – illustrative method and by library sources the subject became illustrated.

One of the main questions in the comparison between the Kufis and the Iranians is that with what theoretical background did the Iranians not suffer from slips and civil disobedience like the Kufis against their guardian leader after the victory of the Islamic Revolution? Using a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on authentic Islamic sources and reviewing the civil disobediences of the Khawarij (mohakkeme) and the Khawarij-oriented Kufis against Imam Ali the Commander of the Faithful (PBUH), this paper explains the absolute divine guardianship of Imam Ali the Commander of the Faithful (PBUH) in spiritual or mystical, political, judicial and religious dimensions and then examines the theological roots of political anomalies or the decline of the theoretical foundations of the Khawarij and the Khawarij-oriented Kufis. The results show that the false beliefs of these groups about the dimensions of the guardian leadership of Imam Ali the Commander of the Faithful (PBUH) were the secret behind their civil disobedience to their Imam. But on the other hand, the belief of the Iranians in guardian leader, whether an Infallible Imam or a qualified jurist, has been the secret behind the refusal of the Iranians from the behavior of the Khawarij-oriented Kufis .

The Azariqah were a faction of the Kharijist who established a government in Sistan and Kerman based on Kharijist beliefs. The distinctive perspective of the Azariqah Kharijist on religion and governance led to the formation of a new style of Islamic government separate from Arab tribalism. This perspective attracted people in the areas under their control. The Azariqah's policy of tolerance towards other religions and Islamic sects, contrary to the harsh policies they had towards supporters of the caliphate's official religion, resulted in the coexistence of religions such as Zoroastrianism and minor Islamic sects with the Kharijist. This article, using a descriptive and analytical method, seeks to identify the social and political consequences of the Azariqah rule in the region of Kerman during the 7th and 8th centuries CE. The Azariqah Kharijist, who were distant from the center of the caliphate, turned Kerman into a center for activism and the propagation of their heterodox views. The discord between the people of Kerman and the caliphate, as well as the favorable geography of Kerman and Sistan for the Kharijist's needs and objectives, led to social and political changes concerning the interactions between Iranians and the caliphate apparatus.

The geographical location of Khuzestan and its vicinity to the Islamic power centers in Kufeh and Damascus made Arabian tribes— who were in ideological conflicts with the Islamic caliphate—settle there. Khawarej, during the caliphate of Ali Ibn Abitaleb (A), laid the foundations of rebels in Khuzestan. During Umayyad era, the inclinations towards foreign thoughts increased in the region and its adjoining lands due to a number of political and economic reasons and practical deviations in political and economic manners of Omavid caliphs. Different sects of Khawarej, particularly Azareqhe and Safariyeh, settled in Khuzestan, and rose to power in no time. Adopting a descriptive research method and taking advantage of valid historical sources, the present study aims at analyzing and explicating the role of Khawarej sect in Khuzestan's historical transformations and attempts to investigate the effect of Khawarej on Khuzestan transformations during the Omavid caliphate, while answering to a number of relevant questions. The findings reveal that the ideologies and activities of Khawarej created chasm between people and Omavid caliphate. Having resorted to Khawarej, they could resist the frequent trooping of Omavid caliphate for at least two decades, and they gradually changed into a dangerous agent for destroying the Omavids by joining other uprisings.

Kharijites were an important and influential deviated sect in Islamic culture and history. The historical evidences show that after the separation and isolation of Kharijites from the community of Muslims and the people they became distrust of the transmitters of narrations and they kept away from the traditional heritage of the common Muslim. They enjoyed a unique rationality and in an anarchist and unsociable manner tried to understand the verses of the Quran through legal reasoning (ijtihad). Their adherence to the Quran and disconformity to the Sunnah resulted in their relying on the generalities of the verses of the Quran and ignoring the limitations and determinations referred to in the traditions. The application of this method in jurisprudence has led sometimes to the freedom of operation and sometimes to the hardship and violence. This study aims to introduce and analyze ten instances of Kharijites' jurisprudential views in order to unveil their adherence to the Quran and at the same time their disconformity to the Sunnah in their system of thought.

Khorasan witnessed the presence of political, ethnic and religious groups in the first Islamic centuries. Kharijites were one of the relatively influential groups in Khorasan. They found influence and prevalence mostly in places where the weakness of the Umayyad and Abbasid rule is visible there. Therefore, Khorasan had favorable conditions for their presence and activities. The most important issue of this research is to explain the contexts and factors that caused the presence of Kharijites in Khorasan and their influence on the emergence of anti-Umayyad and Abbasid movements and revolts. This research is based on original historical sources and is organized with a descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the article show that factors such as the migration of Arab tribes to Khorasan, the pressure of the Umayyad rulers on the Kharijites in Iraq, the vicinity of Khorasan to the Active foci of the Kharijites in the southeast of Iran, the distance from the Capital of the Islamic Caliphate and the dissatisfaction of the people of Khorasan with the Umayyad and Abbasid rulers caused the formation of some Kharijites movements in Khorasan. It also seems that the presence of the Kharijites in Khorasan was influential in the fall of the Umayyad and the weakening of the authority of the Abbasids in Khorasan.