A significant portion of research exploring pre-performance routines in sport has focused on the behavioral and temporal characteristics of the routines. This study aimed to investigate the role of behavioral and temporal consistency in those pre-performance routines. The duration and dominant behavioral patterns exhibited before each free throw (N = 1025) were observed during a total of 60 Iranian Super League games. An intra-individual standardized score was calculated for duration of shots as consistency index for temporal pattern of pre-shot routine durations. Each player’s (N = 30) dominant behavioral pre-shot routines and success free throws percentage rate were identified, then each shot was classified as “routines followed” or “routines not followed”. Results revealed that players were more successful when they followed their dominant behavioral routines (64.66% success rate) than when they deviated from their specific behavioral routines (55.17% success rate). There was no significant correlation between the consistency index and free throws success percentage in observed shots. The results suggest that players in Iranian Basketball Super League solely benefit from behavioral patterns of pre-shot routines in implementation of free throws. Moreover it seems that consistency in temporal pattern of shots duration is of less importance in successful shots.

Background and In many studies, the efficacy of preoperative whole body disinfection has been shown to reduce bacterial skin counts, and washing with unmedicatied soap actually increase the number of skin organisms. [2 & 5] The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three skin preparation methods on incision area contamination in clean abdominal surgery. In this clinical trail study 80 patients having herniorrhaphy and laparoscopy procedures were chosen with selective sampling and divided into three preoperative skin preparation groups Experimental Group (N=40), Routine 1 (N=20) Routine 2 (N=20). In Experimental group the skin was prepared with aqueous iodophor scrub whole body disinfection the day before surgery, shave close to surgery and aqueous iodophor solution applied as a paint. In routine (1) group, the skin was prepared with dry shave and unmedicated soap shower the day before surgery and aqueous iodophor solution applied as a paint. In routine (2) group, the skin was prepared as Routine (1) group the day before surgery then five minute mixture of normal saline and iodophor and Scrubbing, followed by the application of an aqueous iodophor solution as a paint. Bacterial colony counts were made by sampling the incision area with culture plates before skin preparation and each stage of preparation until 24 hours after surgery. The results of this study showed that in Experimental Group. there was a significant reduction in the number of bacterial colonies sampled from the skin before preparation and after Iodophor scrub shower, painting; and 24 hours later. in both routine groups there was no significance in the number of bacterial colonies before and after soap shower. Comparison of three skin preparation methods, had significant difference after painting and 24 hour later (f = 22.98 p < 0.001).LSD test shows that Experimental method was more effective than the other two methods in reduction of skin flora; and in this method the recolonization was low after 24 hour. according to our findings, skin microbial flora reduces more in skin preparation with experimental method.

This study investigates the effects of cryopreservation and supplementation of Simmental bull’s semen with Rutin. Therefore, this study aimed to assess motility parameters, sperm viability, oxidative stress parameters, and DNA damage to detect the optimum concentrations of Rutin for Simmental bull semen cryopreservation. Five concentrations of Rutin with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mM were added to the freezing extender of Simmental bull sperm, respectively. The obtained results showed that the addition of 0.4 and 0.6 mM of rutin significantly improves total motility, progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, total antioxidant capacity, reducing damage to sperm DNA, sperm viability and motility characteristics, except STR, compared to the control group. In conclusion, supplementation with Rutin in cryopreservation medium protects Simmental bull sperm against ROS attack by enhancing the antioxidative defense. Therefore, we conclude that the addition of 0.4 and 0.6 mM rutin to the Simmental bovine sperm cryopreservation extender can improve post-freezing sperm quality and may improve conception rates after artificial insemination with frozen sperm.

Nowadays, plant protein alternatives and increasing aquafeed efficiency are accentuated. In the present study the effects of injecting different dosages and chemical types of favonoid rutin on modulation of gilthead sea bream glycemia is studied in three consecutively distinct experiments. Fish were fed at 3% of their respective body weight twice a day with a diet containing 25% pre-gelatinized starch. Water temperature and photoperiod were adjusted near to 18ºC and 12L: 12D, respectively. Glycemia and hepatic glucose metabolism enzymes were measured. Results showed that 100 mg/kg BW of both chemical types of rutin significantly decreased glycemia (209.30±34.44 mg/dl and 120.18±9.84 for control and rutin treated groups in non-water soluble rutin, respectively, 125.50±6.54 and 99.83±6.46 for control and rutin treated groups in water soluble product, respectively) concomitant with increasing hepatic glucokinase activity (1.77±0.22 U/g protein and 6.13±1.20 for control and rutin treated groups in non-water soluble rutin, respectively, 20.19±1.51 and 25.77±1.61 for control and rutin treated groups in water soluble product, respectively). However, the time required for rutin to show its hypoglycemic effect is shorter for non-water soluble product (6 hrs after rutin injection) than water soluble one (9 hrs after rutin injection). Results implied that it is possible to manipulate the carbohydrate metabolic machinery of gilthead sea bream using hypoglycemic phytogenics (rutin) similar to laboratory rodent hyperglaycemia models.

One of the most important educational method in medical sciences is Morning Report. Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) is a new approach that has been considered to improve the quality of clinical care. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare of morning report in regular & Evidence Based Medicine from the viewpoint of medical students.
A cross-sectional study was carried out on 87 students in OB&GYN departments of Besat hospital in Sanandaj in 2014. Sampling was done through consensus. Data was collected by a researcher- made questionnaire that include 3 Section and 26 Items including Demographic and educational factors, information about Structure and content of morning report, and Section about Improving students skills in regular and EBM method. The reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and T-test and Chi-square test.
The results showed that 85 students (97%) declare 8 (A.M) as suitable time of holding morning Report in Routine and EBM group. The average duration of Morning Report in EBM group was 42.10 minutes and in Routine group was 38.6 minutes. There was significant difference between EBM and regular in presenting feedback (P0.05). In EBM group students ability was promoted more than routine group (p Conditions of Morning Report structure was observed within acceptable level in two groups. To improve Morning Report it should be more emphasized on the structure and content of meetings such as feedback, participation and interaction between the audiences and subjects about promoting the ability of students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of routine introduction, imagery and mixed methods on performance and mental representation of volleyball overhand float-serve. To this purpose, 40 girls were randomly divided into routine introduction, imagery, mixed and control groups. After a pre- test, participants practiced the task for seven consecutive days (each day 5 blocks 10 trials each) according to their grouping. One week after the last practice session, participants performed the post- test. Results showed that mixed group performed better than two other experimental groups. Also, routine introduction group outperformed than imagery group. However, in mental representation measure, the imagery group had a more structured mental representation than two other groups. In addition, the mixed group had a more structured mental representation than routine introduction group. These results were discussed in relation to the underlying mechanisms of these methods of practice.

Pressure ulcers are the result of immobility and continuous pressure on an area of body. Aside from imposing further restriction of movements and thus creating a vicious circle in the healing process, these ulcers are of significant importance in decreasing the life quality and adding to the treatment costs of these patients. There are currently 1800 spinal cord handicapped war veterans in Iran and according to the 1998 figures, 21% of them are suffering from at least one ulcer at pressure sites. In this study we compared the outcome of treatment of pressure ulcers with (Gallium- Aluminum-Arsenide) & (Gallium-Aluminum-Indium-Phosphate)-Diode LASERS, both made by Azor-2k TM, on Contact, Continuous Emission mode at an every other day dose of 4-6 J/cm2 for 3 weeks plus conventional treatments of pressure ulcers, with that of conventional treatment alone in 2 groups of veterans with spinal cord paralysis who reside in Tehran, the capital of Iran. The study was a triple blind clinical trial conducted on 16 veterans who were randomly divided into case and control groups. The diameter of the ulcers was measured and staged by one person who was unaware of the subjects’ case-control status. Digital photographs of the ulcers were initially taken and a combination of conventional treatment (wet dressing, irrigation) with low-level LASER and conventional treatment alone was allocated to the case and control groups respectively. After 3 weeks the subjects were evaluated again. The result demonstrated a statistically significant enhancement of the healing process by combination of low-level LASER with conventional treatments of pressure ulcers.

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the role pre-performance routines (PPRs) on performance of basketball free-throws under competitive pressure. Twenty elite female basketball players were required to perform basketball free-throws under low and high pressure conditions. In the first phase، the participants performed 20 basketball free-throws under a low pressure condition. Their PPRs were detected in this phase. In the second phase، the participants were matched into two experimental groups based on their performance in the first phase. Then they were required to perform 20 basketball free-throws under a high pressure condition (competition). In this session، the first group was required to perform all of their free throws in the presence of the specific routines، while the other group was required to perform the free throws in the absence of the routines. The accuracy of basketball free-throws was compared under low and high pressure conditions between groups. The results showed that PPRs modified choking under pressure effects. In conclusion، PPRs were found to have a positive role on the performance of basketball free-throws.