The current research aims to investigate all the components of thymic structure of discourse (modal and tensive components) in short story of “Mi’ad” by Goli Taraghi- one of the writers of contemporary Persian fictional literature. Research methodology is descriptive –analytical. In fact, the author seeks to explain the underlying interaction of these semiotic components “in this short story by relying on the phenomenal presence of enunciator in order to show how thymic structures emerge in discourse and affect the process of meaning production and perception. To this end, the main objective of the present research is to answer the following questions: 1.What are the fundamental semiotic constituents and mechanisms of discourse thymic structure in this short story? 2. How is it possible to explain the function of narrative action with regard to hierarchical nature of discourse thymic structure? The results showed that discourse thymic structure is the output of phenomenal presence of subject enunciator which in its own turn marginalizes narrative action through modal constituents’ turbulence and then stabilizes them by emergence of thymic state of hope which one again rehabilitate narrative action in semiotic field. Undoubtedly, these interactions are in constant relationship with semiotic modes of presence.

The emotional structure of every society forms the dynamic cultural part of that society. Despite the profound and pervasive effects of these emotional networks on the social context and daily interactions, a systematic and analytical study of on structure of society's emotions is performed rarely in the Iranian social sciences space. Over the past few months, the coronavirus pandemic has had significant effects on the emotional structure of the Iranian society, especially the two emotions of hope and anxiety. Cyberspace is a continuation of real space that well depicts these changes. Relying on virtual ethnography, semiotics and thematic analysis, the present paper shows that the spread of the Coronavirus, in cyberspace more than ever and in the continuation real emotional structures of society has put collective hope against public hope. Based on the results, criticism has tended towards utopian optimism as well as the carnivalization of space. Nevertheless, there are traces of agentic hope, which, of course, sometimes lead to deviation in that space. Anxiety, as an emotion that is inversely related to hope, and especially collective hope, has increased dramatically with the rise of the coronavirus pandemic. Since the increase in structural anxieties does not lead to agentic hope, it has added to frustrations and boredom and existential anxiety. Even the transformation of existential anxiety into visual once has not been able to reduce its severity. Eventually, the anxiety out of corona becomes an abomination to all members of the society and then increases it further.

Cyberspace has been create new dynamics and emotional order in the text of everyday life. In order to investigate the effects of social networks on the emotional structure of Iranians, the data obtained from virtual ethnography were thematically analyzed. According to the findings, residual patterns include mythical patterns (golden past and giving charisma to leaders), family related patterns (love and jealousy), and patterns of challenge with power (originality, justice, and humor). We are also witnessing the spread of dominant patterns such as public hope, the dominance of more dominant language codes, the direct and indirect interventions of formal discourse in space. Emerging patterns also take the form of individual forms (self realization), collective forms (expansion of civil society and intellectual currents), as well as an amalgam of positive and negative emotions such as traumatization, anger from failure, absolute anger, aggregation of boredom levels, generalization of individual anxiety, and various forms of compassion. Finally, some features were added to Williams' emotional structure include the generalization of the personal  issue, the everydayization and Coming to the surface of residual patterns, individual / collective, localization / globalization, power / resistance, the dialectical relationship with macro structures, pragmatism / passivity and the synergy within and among the three patterns.

Participation is a concept in various fields and includes a wide range of meanings appropriate to its field of application.
Despite the relatively broad theoretical background of participation, its efficiency in the field of public space design process has been less.
Three components of individual, social and spatial dimensions are the main factors influencing the participatory design process of public spaces.

It is important to consider the participation of public space users in the process of architectural design, and each of the various definitions of public participation that is reviewed somehow expresses the richness of people’s involvement in urban affairs at different levels, viewing public participation as an essential, inseparable component of urban development and noting the positive, undeniable results of the public’s contribution to the design and architecture process. On the other hand, this issue has been considered by many researchers and designers of urban public spaces in recent years, where participatory design solutions have been presented in practical examples at the three levels of design, planning, and decision-making. Despite the existence of a specific method of participatory motivation in design, concern for the issue is limited in Iran mainly to low-level methods of receiving information involving, for example, interviews and recorded user opinions, and a kind of deception is observed at macro levels of design, planning, and decision-making. Thus, the results obtained from these measures are restricted to purely-written or low-level operational intervention. The important point in this regard is the improper explanation of the effective components of participation, on the one hand, and the ineffective structure of these components and its relationship with the design process, on the other hand. Therefore, it is necessary to address the various dimensions of public participation and identify the components that affect the participatory design of public spaces. Knowledge of the components affecting these spaces allows designers, planners, and urban officials to design and plan quality public spaces with the people’s participation.

Participation is a concept that comes in a variety of contexts, and includes a wide range of meanings tailored to its social, cultural, and practical aspects. It is regarded as a kind of notion that is easy to discuss but difficult and complex in practice. Despite the growing significance of public participation in architecture, urban planning, and urban management and the dedication of an important part of research in recent years to this issue, many architects, designers, planners, urban managers, and citizens still often disagree on public participation. Recognizing a black box on the path to individuals’ effective participation in the process of designing public spaces, they emphasize that efforts made in the field of public participation have often been ineffective, and efficiency has hardly been achieved in practice, especially in the field of design and architecture, even with the relatively broad theoretical background of participation. On the other hand, the diversity that is there in the field of participation in different disciplines has caused persistent problems with the way the concept can be used. Architectural designers and thinkers have different professional views on the process of participation in design, and the views of participation-oriented architects and participatory design have been considered as a new approach in the specialized training of architects. Collaborative design has assumed various manifestations in architecture, all of which have in common the use of opinions and the participation of more and more people in the design, especially in the architecture, of public spaces.

The present research is an applied deductive-review study.

The present article aimed to explain the participatory factors by presenting and analyzing a conceptual-structural model of the impacts of the effective factors in the process of designing public spaces. Accordingly, the three main components, including the individual, social, and spatial dimensions, were extracted as the main influential factors in participatory design. The intersections of these three with concepts such as the sense of place (in the semantic dimension), physical and functional diversity (in the socio-spatial dimension), and permeability and readability (in the spatial dimension) played the major roles in specification of the levels of participatory intervention. At the secondary level, the components of access, security, and invitation (in the spatial dimension) exhibited the next greatest parts. The secondary level of influence of the place facilitates people’s presence in public places, while the primary level of influence deepens the participation in public places, and creates an emotional, unconscious, semantic structure at the place.

This research emphasizes the essential role of the concept of participation in the design process, which is multiple, complex and multi-level. The findings obtained in the design process can be applied at three levels: in the field of decision-making and design planning management, in the field of physical planning and urban design, and, finally, in the field of architecture and micro-space design. The first level deepens participation in public places, and creates an emotional, unconscious, semantic structure. The second level causes this deepening process to continue, and the third level makes it possible to facilitate people’s presence at public places.

A teenager is a unique creation that with his power of thinking and free will can reach his talents in self-actualization to the highest degree. With an impact on the life style and how to resolve conflict of values, religion answers two fundamental questions about the purpose of life and the meaning of activities. It should be noted that religion can cause ethics education and in this way to influence behavior as well. This study was conducted with the objective of determining the relationship between religious orientation and self-actualization in teenagers in Golestan Province.
In a descriptive, correlational study, was performed on 384 adolescents in Golestan Province by random sampling. Collecting samples was done by using Allport religious orientation questionnaire and ASAI self-actualization questionnaire.
Findings: The results showed the amount of religious orientation as 67.82(9) and self-actualization as 50.34(12.42). and statistical analysis showed no significant relationship P=0.12. also Spearman test showed no significant relationship between External religious orientation and self-actualization P=0.06 while there is a significant relationship observed between internal religious orientation and self-actualization P It can be concluded that despite psychologist's attention religion can provide reliable and stable conditions for student's mental health. Therefore, if such conditions are created where a student can internalize religion in an emotional context and structure and enhance it from a mere belief into religious faith, such faith can guarantee his mental health. results show that, there must be the necessity for the educational system to pay attention to the issue and hold various religious education programs so that the positive impact of religion on people's lives will be increased and the conditions for the student's growth and self-actualization will be increased, too.

Emotional divorce is one of the most important traumas that the family faces and is the most important factor in family breakdown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of family communication patterns and motivational structure in predicting emotional divorce of couples. One hundred sixty-one married individuals (87 males and 74 females) participated in the study. Participants completed the Revised Communication Patterns Questionnaire (FCPQ-R), the Aspects Questionnaire (PCI) and the Emotional Divorce Scale (EDS). The results showed that emotional divorce was correlated negatively with adaptive motivational structure and communication pattern, but positively with non-adaptive motivational structure and conformity pattern. The results of regression analysis also showed that 45% of the variance of emotional divorce was explained by the motivational structure variables of family communication patterns. Based on the results, it can be stated that by providing the necessary training to improve family communication patterns and adaptive motivational structure of couples who have emotional divorce or are seeking divorce, emotional divorce can be reduced.

Assessing the impact of information and communication technology on the family system (structural and emotional relationships) in order to predict the structure of families in the future can be the subject of an applied research. Iranian families in metropolitan areas face structural problems and a lack of emotional relationships due to the use of ICT, as almost all family members, regardless of gender, age and status, are considered users. This study seeks to investigate the effects of information and communication technology on the structural relationships and emotional relationships of the family members according to the social theory of communication. So the research question is how the structure of the family (structural relationships and emotional relationships) will be constructed by the influence of information and communication technologies? According to the social theory of communication, the change in structural and emotional relationships is due to the influence of technological relationships in the family. The difference in the forms of the family in the future is due to the influence of communication technology, due to the difference in the amount and manner of using technology between family members and at different stages of life. The main conclusion and idea of this paper is that the structure of the contemporary family will change in new ways due to the influence of ICT according to the social theory of communication in near future.

The aim of current study was predicting emotional divorce based on decision- making styles and power structure of the family among employed women of the Shahrood city. In this descriptive-correlational study, all employed women in Shahrood city were considered as statistical population and among them 384 people were considered as statistical sample using Morgan table and also multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using standard questionnaires of decision making styles of Scott and Bruce (1995), Power Structure of Mahdavi and Khosroshahi (2003), as well as Gottman's emotional divorce (1995). After collecting questionnaires, data was analyzed using correlation and regression tests. The results of this study showed that The results of this study showed that the beta coefficient for immediate, avoidance, intuitive and dependent decision making styles is positive, but negative for rational decision making style. Also, the outcomes revealed that among the various dimensions of decision making styles, intuitive and rational decision-making styles are one of the most important predictors of emotional divorce. It was also founded that there is a meaningful relationship between the subsystems of power structure and emotional divorce, and all three dimensions of "method of exercising power", "building power relations" and "domains and scope of power" have ability of predicting emotional divorce. Considering the high average score in emotional divorce, appropriate measures are needed to reduce the effects and symptoms of emotional divorce to improving the marital relationships of employed women in Shahrood

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the development process on the instability of emotionalromantic relationships in today's Iranian family. Therefore, the question of this research has this formulation: why and how the development process can become the foundation of instability of emotional relationships in the family? From a sociological point of view, through what mechanisms can the process of development cause the instability of emotional-emotional relationships in the family and destabilize the emotionalemotional relationships between husband and wife? In order to answer this question, the researcher has conducted a wide review of experimental and theoretical literature related to the issue of romantic-emotional relationships. The researcher, based on the methodology of "model adaptation", has investigated the impact of the development process on emotional-romantic relationships in the Iranian family of the seventies and nineties. Finally, the researcher discusses the implications of this research to understand the relationship between emotional-romantic relationships in the family and social structure. The process of development by creating changes in the position of women in the society, can affect emotional-romantic relationships and cause the instability of emotional-romantic relationships in the family.