Regarding the articulation of the word Ghorfa (ÛÑÝå) in the Quranic Verse indeed Allah will be testing you with a river. So whoever drinks from it is not of me, and whoever does not taste it is indeed of men, excepting one who takes [from it] in the hollow of his hand (Quran, 1: 249) there are discrepancies. Some readers articulate it as Ghorfra, some others articulate it as Gharfa. Abu Amr believes that the amount of water contained in one’s hand is called Gharfa and the water contained in a container is called Ghorfa; therefore, he accepts the articulation of Gharfa and Kasaei refers to the linguistic register of the verse and states: if instead of the verb Ightaraf, the verb Gharaf was used, I articulate it Gharfa. This issue indicates that the meaning of words and linguistic discussions have effects on the mode of reading a text. The present study is to analytically investigate the meanings of Gharfa and Ghorfa by investigating lexical, phonetic, interpretative, and narrative resources using a descriptive method. Analyzing the mentioned resources in illustrating the meaning of these two words indicates how lexicographers and Quran readers can have relations with each other. Lexicographers by stating the meaning of these two words, assign the discrepancies in the meanings of these two words to Yunus, the disciple of Abu Amr of Basra, and Fara’, the disciple of Kasaei. Therefore, this hypothesis that sometimes lexicographical ideas of scholars are influenced by the articulation of those who read the Holy Quran is reinforced. The findings of the present study indicated that there is no scientific and firm reason for confirming one of the articulatory aspects of these two words, and the reasons assigned to articulatory aspects can be criticized. The narratives about the register of the verse only clarify that this word means the amount of water in the hands of somebody (Gharfa), and in the holy verse, regarding the fact that the word Ightaraf (ÇÛÊÑÇÝ) is used versus Shorb (ÔÑÈ), this word refers to drinking once.

By installing the required facilities such as recycling booths, Tehran municipality can play an important role in the promoting waste separation in order to protect environment and the goals of the sustainable development. The rate of the collection of daily dry wastes by 460 recycling booths is about 40 tons throughout the city of Tehran, out of which about 32% (12.8 tons daily) is received from the citizens by means of 81 recycling booths placed in the western areas. The aim of this article is to produce a model for dry waste management of the recycling booths placed in the western parts of Tehran. The instruments used for the purpose is the ARC GIS software. The method used in this article is descriptive-analytical and applied method. Due to the spatial characteristic of locating and lack of finality of urban problems, the basis of this research is to prepare layers of information based on the factors influential in locating recycling booths and their incorporation and overlapping in the ARCGIS software domain, using AHP and Fuzzy logic inference. A study of the results indicates that around fifty percent of the zones 5, 9, 21, and 22 of Tehran are considered useful for locating recycling booths, while around 74% of the existing recycling booths are not used properly. The maximum and minimum efficiencies among the existing recycling booths belong to municipality zones 5 (39%) and 22 (4%), respectively.

Differences in recitation in some words of the Holy Qurchr('39')an have caused differences in the views of commentators. The verse 249 of Surah Baqarah tells the story of the soldiers of Talut in the face of divine testing and drinking water from the river. The word "ghurfat" in this verse has been recited in two forms, " ghurfatan" and " ghurfatun". In this study the two commentators` view in the field have been examined. As has been made clear, Allameh Tabatabaichr('39')s view in preferring "ghurfatun" is correct. He divided those of trial into three tribes precisely: those who did not drink water at all; Those who became fully watered and those who drank water but not became fully watered. Of these three groups, only the second group was excluded from Talut`s followers, and the fate of the third group is tied to other experiments.

In the metropolis of Tehran, municipal waste recycling management with produce more than 6500 tonnes per day, consisting of 42% of dry waste, is important. One of the centers pertaining to waste separation is recycling booth. An attempt is made in the present article to use the view points of the concerned experts with the aim of the modeling the criterions affecting the location of recycling booth through effectiveness and usefulness approach. The method used in the article is analytical -descriptive. Due to the spatial characteristic of locating process, and the Inherent uncertainty of urban issues, in order to determine the parameters affecting the location of recycling booth Fuzzy Delphi method, and to calculate weight of criteria, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process is used. The results indicate that five main criteria and 16 sub-criteria are considered as prominent characteristic, such criteria like “centrality”, “efficiency and overlap”, “native characteristics and factors”, “adoptability”, “inadaptability”, and sub-criteria like “population density”, “accessibility”, “economic Potential of the booth”, “public participation” and “lack of neighborhood with military and security centers” are considered as the first to fifth priorities of components effective in the model of locating recycling booth in Tehran city.

This research deals with the factors that lead to encouragement and increasing satisfaction of industrial units participating in any exhibition. These factors can not only bring in repeated request from previous industrial units but also attract new ones into the exhibition. According to those active firms in exhibition centers, the most important factors are: the design of booth place, available public services in exhibition center, advertising and attracting professional visitors. The data analysis was done by the use of spss software. The results showed that the exhibition holders in order to attract the industrial units and improve their conditions, they must establish proper actions in advertisement, welfare services, inviting professional visitors and the improved booth place design to obtain the satisfaction of booth holders.

The purpose of this article is to strategically model the quality of the relationship between exhibitors and trade show organizers. In this study, the predictive indicators in improving the quality of the exhibition relationship and explaining a comprehensive and integrated strategic model regarding the necessary measures to achieve the desired quality and the relationship between planners and exhibitors of trade fairs were studied. Is divided. In the qualitative stage, in terms of approach, it is the data type of the foundation and in terms of the purpose, it is fundamental. The method of analysis in the qualitative part is also the method of content analysis. In the quantitative part, in terms of purpose, it is an applied research and because of the method of a descriptive research, it is of survey type. The collection method is collected in a quantitative part through a questionnaire whose indicators will be obtained from the qualitative part. The results showed that the underlying factors as a predictor have the most direct and significant effect on the quality of the relationship between the organizer and the exhibitors. The quality of the relationship between the two exhibition groups has a direct and significant effect on exhibition outcomes. Integrated management for the strategy and optimal performance in the exhibition is suggested by the organizer.

This paper aims to provide one of the very first empirical tests of the mediating role of trade show marketing processes on the relationship between effective factorsand achieving the goals of the trade fair. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-survey correlational in terms of methodology. In this research, lots of data were collected distributing questionnaires among furnishing manufacturers trying to extend and sell their products in international exhibition in Qazvin. A final total of 223 exhibitors, from among 350 firms, fully completed the questionnaires. After obtaining the data through structural equation, they were analyzed using AMOS (v.18). The results of this research showed that “staff training” and “management capabilities” were considered as the most important parameters influencing the exhibition-based processes. In addition, it was found that the ongoing processes on the exhibition site have significantly positive effects on the selling and non-selling objectives of the firms. At the end, this research has proposed suitable solutions on how to effectively and optimally use the affective factors on those processes and its effectiveness on achieving trade show goals in the business.

The objective of this research is to evaluate the factors affecting the financial performance of exhibitions from the perspective of exhibitors in Iran. The study is quantitative and contains descriptive-survey method and is an applied research in terms of objectives. A closed response questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The statistical population of the study was 414 decision-makers and influential people in the exhibition stands and companies participated in 2016 exhibitions held in the permanent premises of Tehran international trade fairs. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the structures and components. SPSS software has been applied, validation analysis and structural equations have been used to verify the validity of the structures using the Imus software that can be utilized for this research. The results showed that the predefined financial objectives of the exhibition as a predicting and controlling factor, have a direct and significant effect for reducing the error in executive actions on all exhibition processes and it’s different activities. On the other hand, the activities of the exhibition are divided into three important categories: before, during and after the exhibition, all three stages having direct and significant impact on the financial performance of the exhibition.

Gypsum is one of the traditional materials in Iran that has been used extensively in historical periods, especially in hot and dry climates, in architecture and architectural decorations. In the Islamic era the peak of the gypsum stucco decoration is in 13 and 14 centuries AD. Color was used on stucco decoration to express the artistical and aesthetical effect of this art. Tomb of Seyyed Shams-din is one of the famous monument of the 14 century in Yazd. In the porch of the building, a stucco inscription in Kufic script has been executed in the form of mother and child. The background of this inscription has been executed with abstract plant motifs such as Arabesque. Blue, red and green colors have been used in the background of the inscription. Usually, in order to improve the quality of the paint layer, the primary layer was first applied on the plaster. Due to the passing of the time, only a small part of these colors remain. The conservation of the remnants of the art of the 14 century requires an accurate technical knowledge of the work. In this regard, the study of the structure of the pigments on the stucco inscription in porch seems necessary. Therefore, the present study tries to use examination and scientific studies to accurately identify the pigments used on the stucco inscription of the porch and also the golden layer on the molded gypsum arrays on the moqarnas of the arc in front of the porch in Seyyed Shams-din tomb. The results show that the blue pigment used in the stucco inscription is an Azurite; Red is a Vermilion; Green is a malachite; filler or pigment of primary layer is Huntite, and the gold layer on the molded gypsum arrays is a Tin leaf with a resin or oil coating.

Edward Said's analysis of "Orientalism" critically examines how the East is portrayed in Western art and how this portrayal reinforces the colonial mindset. It goes beyond just distorting the ideology to establish a new political order. Instead, it creates a separate reality of the Orient, distant from the West and objectifies it as a source of Western knowledge. The world exhibition serves as an arena to showcase various Western and Eastern cultures. It juxtaposes logical and imaginary, chronological order, and mythical disorder. The exhibition has been used to shape transcultural and advance Orientalist discourse strategies and expectations of imperialism. The representation and construction of “self” and “others” found an ontological and epistemological relationship with Orientalist alienation. Also, due to the newly acquired strategic position during the first Pahlavi era and the ancient history of the country's science and art, Iran's presence there earned special position in the eyes of Orientalists and the Western knowledge domain. Therefore, it was necessary to depict it by classifying the structure of knowledge and related historiography. In fact, the concepts and political rules of the historical interpretation of Orientalism were derived from Iran's participation in international exhibitions. The goal was to identify a connection between Orientalist ideas and the pavilions' physical, content, and functional aspects. The study found that Iran's pavilions, in particular, reflected Orientalist expectations. They were designed like museums showcasing Iranian art and arranged exotically to appeal to Western audience.