The importance of avoiding ignorance is such that it is regularly condemned in religious texts and the ways of treatment and elimination are explained. Among them, Imam Ali (A.S.) in the Al-Qāṣiʿa Sermon explained the nature of ignorance and its harmful effects and consequences and warned the Islamic society about this great danger. In this research, we tried to analyze the issue of "ignorance" in the Al-Qāṣiʿa Sermon using the interdisciplinary method, and finally to draw a comprehensive model from the perspective of Imam Ali (A.S.). Explaining the essence of ignorance and its relationship with insolence, its causes and harmful consequences, and finally expressing strategies to deal with ignorance, are the titles of the subjects that are coded in this research and are described in detail.

Although some think that “bigotry” is a moral vice, it is mentioned with two positive and negative functions in religious teachings; and to-the-point bigotry is praised and regarded as a moral virtue. Due to the importance of moral attributes and explaining their functions, an attempt has been made in this study to identify and explain the nature of the attribute “bigotry” and its types by referring to religious texts. Therefore, using the method of “content analysis” and the technique of “analysis of qualitative themes”, this study deals with one of the most important and longest sermons of Imam Ali (AS) called “Qasi’ah (Disparagement) Sermon” and the statements related to “bigotry” were extracted and analyzed. Findings show that Imam Ali (AS) in the Qasi’ah (Disparagement) sermon discussed in detail the issue of bigotry and its types and explained the role of this attribute in the growth or fall of man. Finally, this article tried to provide a complete picture of “bigotry” based on his words.

Nahj al-Balagha's possession of the most beautiful expressive techniques has given it an extraordinary rhetorical appearance, as it is referred to as the brother of the Qur'an. The abundance of rhetorical devices in Nahj al-Balagha has led to its centrality as the best model of rhetoric among thinkers and speakers in the world. Among the rhetorical advantages of Nahj al-Balagheh is its abundant use of irony, which sometimes acts more directly than plainly and mixes the audience's mind with the words of the speaker. The use of irony is a novel and beautiful way in speech that represents the speaker's literary taste and imagination and challenges the audience's perception and imagination to find out the speaker's main intention. Based on the descriptive-analytical and statistical method, the present research aims to investigate the irony in the sermon of Qase'a and analyze its semantic load according to the context of the text and has reached the conclusion that the use of different types of irony in the Qase'a sermon according to the main purpose of the Imam (a.s.), it has been achieved with the help of intermediaries, and in some of them, due to the lack of means, the audience can easily reach the purpose of the Imam.

Humility is one of the moral virtues that derives from the heavenly and divine self of man, and since it has a great impact on the evolution of human personality, it has been emphasized in religious teachings. One of the examples of this emphasis can be read in the longest and most important sermon of Imam Ali (PBUH), known as the sermon of ‘Ghase’eh’, which was uttered after the battle of Nehruvan with the Kharijites. Imam Ali (PBUH) in his longest and most important sermon, known as the sermon of Qaseh, which was uttered after the battle of Nehruvan, has tried to explain the importance of this moral virtue and its great effect in combating arrogance as the most important solution to the devil's domination. Express the practical and theoretical factors and strategies of acquiring humility and finally express a comprehensive picture of this valuable moral virtue. In this research, we have tried to analyze the proposed propositions in relation to this issue by using the content analysis method as a text-based interdisciplinary research method and finally to draw a comprehensive conceptual model of humility from the perspective of Imam Ali (PBUH). Expressing the practical and theoretical factors of creating humility, the characteristics of true humility, the results of humility and introducing the selected examples of the humble are among the topics that Imam (PBUH) has mentioned in his longest sermon. Undoubtedly, paying attention to these moral issues and enumerating its comprehensive model based on the words of the Infallibles. In this research, we have tried to analyze the proposed propositions in relation to this issue by using the content analysis method as a text-based interdisciplinary research method and finally to draw a comprehensive conceptual model of humility from the perspective of Imam Ali (PBUH). Expressing the practical and theoretical factors of creating humility, the characteristics of true humility, the results of humility and introducing the selected examples of the humble are among the topics that Imam (PBUH) has mentioned in his longest sermon. Undoubtedly, paying attention to these moral issues and enumerating its comprehensive model based on the words of the Infallibles.

Man is a perfectionist being and needs to identify obstacles in his path to promote growth. One of the greatest hindrances to human perfection is the devil or Satan. Considering the role of Satan in misguiding man and the concurrent advice of Imam Ali (AS) in this regard can be found in his highest and most important sermon known as Qaseh, which was delivered after the battle of Nahrawan. In this sermon, the Imam vigorously tried to explain the nature of the devil, to provide a comprehensive picture of the stages of his influence on man and the strategies to deal with it. Accordingly, using the method of "content analysis" and the technique of "qualitative content analysis" in this research, the most important themes and conceptual components expressed in relation to the devil have been identified. This is while extracting the main and secondary themes, citing the words of Imam Ali (AS) in the sermon of Qaseh, to explain components such as: examining the word Satan and Iblis (the titles of the devil), representatives and confirmers of Satan, the scope of Satan's vicious activity, the factors of Satan's disgust, Satan's strategies to deceive man and the stages of his influence and finally, the doctrinal and practical strategies that can prevent the influence of the devil on man. Finally, based on the words of the Imam, an attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive picture of the category of "knowing the devil".

Guardianship is one of the main pillars and basic teachings of Islam. It is one of the important Quranic topics and the most central issue in the school of Ahl al-Bayt (AS); which means accepting the leadership of the divine leaders and believing in the guardianship of the infallible Imams (AS) over the people after the Prophet (PBUH).The political system of Islam and the way of governing the religion is based on the province and the criterion of being a Muslim after obeying the the Prophet (PBUH) is to accept the guardianship.  The importance of this issue is such that the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) has repeatedly raised its position and necessity in their enlightened words and have tried to provide an acceptable explanation of it. In this research, using the content analysis method as an interdisciplinary text-oriented research method, the most important and longest sermon of Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balaghah, that is, the Qasea sermon, has been subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis. On the other hand, his approach regarding guardianship was explained, and at the end, a comprehensive model of guardianship was drawn from his point of view. The findings of the research show that Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (AS) in his Qasea outlined the levels of accepting guardianship in two ways: accepting the guardianship of divine prophets, including the Prophet (PBUH), and accepting the guardianship of infallible Imams (AS), including himself. He has explained in detail the most important characteristics of the guardian and the results of the guardianship. Undoubtedly, paying attention to this model can be a great help in accepting this important principle in Islam.

Evidentiality as a grammatical category takes responsibility for the knowledge of the source of information for supporting the proposition, and it contains two types of information sources and effect on the audience. Grammatical elements differ in the evidentiality explanation in every language on the basis of language features. In such a case, wherethere is no possibilityof Evidentiality explanation in Grammar, lexical elements could be analyzed. In this paper, specific issues related to this phenomenon in Qasia Sermon are examined to understand Imam Ali's (AS) speech influence on the basis of the evidence, and information source and it has been demonstrated that how grammatical and non-grammatical makers are able to transfer the evidentiality in the Imam Ali's (AS) speech by descriptive analysis method. As a result, we confirm that lexical elements and Evidentiality strategies represent the maximum intuition and evidentiality referring to the Quran verses and logical argument.

Seyyed Ali Mousavi Garmaroodi's translation is one of the most accurate Persian translations of Nahj al-Balaghah. Despite the old version translations of this book, Garmaroodi tried to follow the "language updating rule." Therefore, using the antique dictionaries provided new translations of Nahj al-Balaghah aims to show the capabilities of the Persian language in a new and glorious translation. Undoubtedly, he also sought to reveal the unique manifestations of eloquent rhetoric. The present article intends to analyze the translation of the Qaseh sermon from Nahj al-Balaghah based on the theory of Viney & Darbelent and measure the application and frequency of the heptathlon approaches of this theory. The result shows that in this sermon, Garmaroodi uses both direct and indirect components. His translation has an eloquent and readable language in indirect techniques, and its trusteeship and precise equations are noticeable, but while using direct methods, his translation partially losses its readability.

Selecting appropriate equivalence in translation is an essential and sensitive process that requires the translator's high precision and mastery of both source and target languages. Seyyed Jafar Shahidi's translation of the Nahj Al-Balaghah, according to many experts, is one of the best translations of this book so far. This translation was introduced as the selected book of the year in 1990, and many scientific and literary societies have praised it. In this research, the authors chose the translation of the Qasea sermon from this book, compared it with its Arabic text based on the text-oriented approach, and analyzed it on two levels of lexical and textual context. The findings of this research show that, despite many efforts that have been made in the translation of this precious book, and despite all the beauty and elegance used in it, it seems that Shahidi in selecting equals for referential meaning as well as the contextual and textual meaning of some words has not been very precise.