In a dairy farm with 1600 milking cows، a 3. 5- month old Holstein female calf showed a prominent hard subcutaneous mass at the lower part of the neck resulted in rumen bloat and dyspnea. In postmortem examination of the calf، apart from huge mass of thymus، astonishing enlargement of innumerable lymph nodes and a large spleen were noticed as well. In histopathologic study، replacement of the thymus، lymph nodes and spleen tissues with immature malignant lymphocytes were found. The adjacent muscles and fats of the extra-thoracic thymus lymphoma were invaded by the neoplastic lymphoid cells. CBC of the patient showed leukocytosis (more than 45000) and lymphocytosis (higher than 93% with 2% atypical lymphocyte). PCR of blood sample of the calf was positive and in ELISA test، the serum antibody was negative (28pp). PCR and ELISA of the mother of this calf were negative while PCR of a sample from the dairy milk tank was strongly positive. It is suggested that due to lack of maternal passive immunity and immaturity of immune system، following ingestion of BLV- contaminated milk، the calf became infected، resulted in occurrence of atypical and widespread viral lymphoma.. By the best knowledge of the authors this is the first report of this kind of calf lymphomsarcoma world-wide.

Lymphadenopathy refers to the disease of lymphatic nodes. Any immune response against foreign antigens is often associated with lymph node enlargement (lymphadenopathy) and lymphadenitis. Most pathologic studies of neck lymph nodes indicated TB as the most common cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. Approach to a neck lymphadenopathy as the main complaint of the patients or the only clinical finding is usual events which physicians encounters frequently during their practice. Management of these patients depends on the physician experience and knowledge. This study aimed to investigate etiology of cervical lymphadenopathies in admitted patients. In this cross-sectional study, one hundred patients with cervical lymphadenopathy who referred to Fatemi hospital from 2002-2006 and underwent excisional biopsy with pathologic results were included. Demographic data ' age and sex', and pathologic findings were obtained using the patient's file. FNA results and non lymphoid samples were excluded. All findings were analyzed by SPSS. A total number of 100 subjects were studied of whom, 52 (52%) were male and 48 (48%) were female. On the basis of pathologic findings, tuberculosis was the most common cause of lymphadenopathy (36%). Reactive changes including follicular hyperplasia, sinus histiocytosis and other forms of lymphadenitis, metastatic carcinoma, Hodgkin and non Hodgkin lymphoma were found in 34%, 13%, 9% and 8% respectively. In patients aged under 15, reactive changes were seen in 11cases (57%), and in age group of 16- 55 years tuberculosis was found in 31 cases (44.2%), and metastatic carcinoma was diagnosed in subjects aged over 55 years with 5 cases (45.4%). In our study tuberculosis is the most common cause for cervical lymphadenopathies in both sexes (especially between 15 to 55 years). This findings emphasis about the TB prevalence in Ardabil. Under the 15 years old reactive change of lymph nodes and over the 55 years metastatic carcinoma were the most common causes.

Lymphoma is the seventh malignancy in human which can be presented in oral cavity or as a cause of cevico-facial lymphadenopathy. Because of different epidemiologic characteristics of lymphoma in geographic area, this study designed to determine epidemiologic indices and frequency of oral and cervicofacial manifestations of lymphoma in patients referred to Dr. Shariati Hospital and a private clinic in Tehran in 1381. Methods & Materials: In this cross – sectional descriptive study with simple sampling the age, gender, type of lymphoma, clinical and histological category, site and type of oral and cervico-facial lymphnodes lesions, and paraclinical examination are determined. Four hundred twenty five patients were studied including 182 Hodjkin cases with mean age 31.2± 14.5 (male to female ratio = 1.6) and 243 non – Hodjkin (NHL) cases with mean age 41± 16.1 (male to female ratio = 2.2). The most common features were mediastinal and pulmonary lymphadenopathy and then cervical lymphadenopathy in HD cases and cervical lymphadenopathy in NHL patients. Submandibular lymphadenopathy (%3.8) without oral lesions in HD and submandibular lymphadenopathy (11%), submandibular and sublingual salivary glands lesions (%1.6) and tonsilar enlargement in NHL cases has been showed. Nodular sclerosis was the most common type of histopathologic finding. High frequency of cervical lymphadenopathy in HD and NHL cases with oral lesions in %4.5 of NHL notify us the importance of complete dental and oral examinations.

Most of solitary head and neck lymphadenopathic patients, due to similar symptoms and histories, are evaluated by special paraclinical tests and even unneccessary biopsies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high does of oral amoxicilin on solitary head and neck lymphadenopathies during a limited period of time.This descriptive-interventional study was conducted in census form. The experimental populations were solitary head and neck lymphadenopathic patients suffering for a period of less than two months with the lymph node size of. 5 cm or more. Patients with weight of more than 7 kg, were treated by gr of amoxicilin every six hours for three days and received the drug daily as follow up. For individuals weighted less than 7 kg, the drug was prescribed as 00 mg / kg daily divided in four equal doses. At the end of the third day to the end of the seventh day from the treatment onset, amoxicilin offering was continued by a lower dose of one gram every six hours. Data obtained on the lymph node size were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test (p < 0/05).Seventeen patients developed complete improvement, but eight did not respond to this treatment regimen. The failure was found to be due to the existence of tumoral tissue, infection or treatment resistance, and lymphocytic infiltration without any particular etiology in two, two, and remaining four cases, respectively.According to the results of this study, it is concluded that prescribing high dose of amoxicillin, for a limited period of time, for all questionable solitary head and neck lymphadenopathic patients, considering the previous descriptive conditions, would be a useful diagnostic-treating approach.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is a rare but important etiology of cervical lymphadenopathy in young women. This disease is self limited and improves during 2-8 months. Diagnostic key is the pathology of involved lymphnode. Association of the disease with viral and autoimmune disease is not proved yet. In this article two cases of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease are reported. Case: The first case was a 31 years old female patient with sever fever and right axillary lymphodenpathy (size: 57cm) in which one month after the disease, diagnosis was proved by pathology studies. This patient has erythematous patches in her face and nose in several times that were improved spontaneously. The second case was a 20 years old female patient with fever, chill, headache, weigh loss and cervical lymphadenopathy (size: 21cm). She received antibiotic at several times without any improvement. Finally after 5 months since the beginning of symptoms, the disease was diagnosed as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease by surgical excision of lymhnode and pathology studies. After the surgery two small lymphnodes were appeared around the surgical site. In differential diagnosis of lymphadenpathy especially cervical in young women, Kikuchi-Fujimoto should be considered. Consumption of antibiotic in lymphadenopathy without clear diagnosis should be avoided. After diagnosis of Kikuchi-Fujimoto, long term work up for recurrence or the appearance of autoimmune disease symptoms is necessary.

Diagnosis of malignant lymphadenopathy is particularly important for treatment planning، staging before treatment and also for determination of prognosis. Various diagnostic procedures which are expensive and invasive are now used for distinguishing malignant from benign lymphadenopathies. Ultrasound has been proposed as a non- invasive، cost effective and available procedure compared with other procedures. This study was conducted to evaluate some ultra sound parameters in distinction between malignant and benign superficial lymphadenopathies. Lymph nodes of 100 patients who were candidates for pathological evaluation of their superficial lymphadenopathy were evaluated sonographically. The most accessible lymph nodes were marked and then biopsied and sonographic results were compared with pathologic ones، and the sensitivity and specificity of the test and the appropriate cut off point was determined based on the ROC curve and by SPSS 17. Of 100 evaluated nodes 55 nodes were benign and 45 nodes were malignant. The ratio of cortical thickness to medullary thickness was not significantly different between malignant and benign lymph nodes. There was a significant difference between blood supply pattern and average indices of PI (P=. 007) and RI (P<. 001) between benign and malignant lymph nodes. The best cutoff point of cortex thickness to differentiate malignant from benign lymphadenopathy with 62. 2٪ sensitivity and 72. 7٪ specificity and 70٪ accuracy was 7. 95 mm. The color Doppler criteria in combination with gray scale sonography can be very helpful in choosing patients for biopsy or FNA، but cannot fully replace pathological evaluation.