The purpose of this research is to present suggestions for removing the barriers before investors to invest in television programs in line with actualizing the Supreme Leader’s Slogan of The Year “Production, Supports, and Removal of Barriers”. The goal of this study is applied and it is qualitative in approach. In the first step and in the qualitative part, the obstacles to investors’ desire to invest in TV programs were identified and ranked using interviews. In this step, the research participants included 12 experts, including producers, staff managers and investors. In the second step and in the quantitative part, the identified barriers were prioritized using the Delphi technique. The statistical population in the quantitative section included all experts of the organization involved with program production in Hamedan provincial station in 2021. 114 individuals were selected to shape the sample size in the quantitative section using probability sampling method. The results of the study showed that the three main obstacles before the investors’ willingness to invest in television programs within Hamedan provincial station are the multiplicity of low-cost parallel media, the investor’s distrust of the effectiveness of such advertisements, and the unattractiveness of programs like television competitions for such investments. In order to make investors willing to invest in television programs, it is better to first pay attention to the barriers that exist in the station itself and among the producers, and try to eliminate them. In this case, the station’s capacity for investors to be willing to invest would increase.

In recent years, Foreign Investment has been raised as an attractive, dynamic, profitable and effective industry in the world. The factors that lead to sustainable development of this industry are professional ethics and sense of legal security for the foreign investors. In Iran, the average of ethics and sense of legal security for the foreign investors is somewhat lower than the global average. From the ethics and psychological security perspectives, Iran suffers from legal barriers , such as failure of criminal laws and restrictions on the law of encouraging and supporting foreign investment.Therefore , at the end of this paper some solutions to the removal of some legal obstacles and the effect of creating the ethics and sense of legal security of foreign capital have been proposed in order to provide the ethics and legal security for foreign investors, as well as incentives to invest in Iran.

Adoption and implementation of regulations related to various legal facilities emphasizes the legislator's effort to coordinate the economic and social developments in order to develop and encourage foreign investment in the country. Determining the role of legal system in the host countries in the settlement of disputes and directing the fate of litigations of foreign investors to the mentioned system are the major causes of anxiety and concern among foreign investors. Their demand is the establishment of an appropriate legal platform in a totally unilateral environment, without the fear of favoritism or discrimination, in all possible litigations arising from international investments. Arbitration is the preferred method in those litigations. Here again efforts should be made to mitigate the concerns about dominance and possible favoritism by the host country. The ICSID Convention (International Center for settlement of investment Disputes) which has been adopted by most countries in the world emphasizes the fundamental characteristic in litigation process and balance between the interests of the host country and the foreign investor and thus sets forth legal guarantees to build real confidence. By accepting the ICSID Convention, the signatories shall guarantee the enforcement of the legal ruling in their countries, whether or not they are a part of the litigation, and regardless of their affiliation with the Convention.Iran has shown willingness and interest in clearing legal deadlocks and filling the legal gaps related to foreign investment by joining the 1958 New York Convention on the enforcement of litigation rulings and by approval of certain other laws and regulations. Therefore, there is no rational reason for Iran in not joining ICSID convention which is a complimentary phase of the steps that have already been taken.

Renovation of deteriorated urban areas are performed to enhance the quality of the environment. The quality of the environment is an extensive and fluid concept varying in terms of positive, interpretive, and critical paradigms, which is examined based on objective and subjective indicators. The predominant paradigm of renovation was changed into urban regeneration in the early21st century, which takes into account the economic, social, cultural, and physical aspects as well. Consequently, it pursues the promotion of the environment quality in this context. The present study aims to analyze the components of environment quality in the renovation of Amel Neighborhood of Mashhad from the perspective of critical paradigm. It also has measured the people's view of the obstacles to achieve an understanding in the renovation process of Amel Neighborhood in Mashhad a descriptive analytical method. Factor analysis is used to analyze the measured indicators. The research results show that the most frequent obstacles are presented in the management area (such as the lack of executive guarantee, thinking and attitude gap between management and community, the weakness in providing urban services) and then in the social area (such as lack of social capital, lack of attention to the identity and the capacity of local communities, lack of participation). The economic obstacles (including unstable economic conditions, lack of distributions of value-added from renovation among residents, the poverty of residents and landlords, investor's unwillingness to invest in deteriorated areas) and the physical obstacles come in the next ranks.

Individual investors compared major investors have fewer features to decision-making in stock exchange. This factor with unstable and economic and political swings، faced stock exchange to secondary risk of individualism and undetectable behavior of investors that these require to establish a risk management system for optimum stability and stock market development. The target of this research is investors understanding of risk factors and psychological effects. The result show that policies related to the stock market، excessive speculation، disclosure of the information published by companies، information asymmetry، has an impact on risk perception of individual investors، also risk perception has an impact on willingness to re- invest and investment satisfaction. Finally، it can be said that the perception of risk perform a fundamental role in the mechanism of behavioral psychology investors.

Investor behavior and factors affecting investment decisions are important issues that researchers have been seeking to provide a comprehensive model for interpreting in recent years. In this regard, the present study with the behavioral finance approach has investigated the effect of share price path on investment satisfaction and future behavior of investors. In this study, a series of experiments examining share price paths was analyzed. The results showed that the share price path had an impact on investment satisfaction. Regardless of whether or not the final return is positive or negative, the downward-upward price path doubles the upward-downward path of investment satisfaction. The results also showed that expected returns and risk will also change significantly under the influence of different price opportunities with identical returns. On the other hand, the indirect path increases the share of tendency to hold stocks, which is indicative of the bias of disposition effect on the investors concerned.

Income distribution is one of the most critical development goals of any country. MENA countries, like many developing countries suffer from widespread inequalities despite high energy and natural resource incomes. On the other hand, government sources of rent as insecure resources for economic policy have been used especially to reduce class gaps. In the research literature, the existence of natural resources has been described as both a factor and an obstacle to development. On the other hand, increasing and decreasing rent resources can have different effects on economic development.  Given the importance of this topic, the aim of this study is to analyze the asymmetric cumulative effects of the rentier state on inequality in the MENA countries from 1990 to 2019. The research method is correlational and applied. The method used is the non-linear ARDL panel method. In other words, using the NARDL method, long-term panel data, and coherent and asymmetric analysis are all study innovations. Although the results of the study reject the linear relation, but also show that the null hypothesis of the non-relationship between the income inequality index (Gini) and the positive and negative components of rent are rejected. The results also show that there is no asymmetry in the short and long term. Based on these results, the positive and negative effects of rent distribution on income inequality in MENA countries are completely different and on this basis, completely different policies must be adopted to reduce income inequality and economic development

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of psychological and performance factors on willingness to invest in the stock market with the mediating role of investor satisfaction and perceived investor risk in Iran. This research was conducted in 1977 and is methodologically developmental-exploratory. The statistical population of this research is customers of Tehran brokerage companies. The sampling method is available and since the number of community members is unlimited, the sample size should be 384 according to Morgan's table, so the distribution of the questionnaire was randomly distributed among the investors until the responses were sufficient. A total of 384 questionnaires were collected. Structural equation modeling and path analysis were used to analyze the research data. SPSS 23 and SmartPLS3 software were used for data analysis and the findings showed that perceived risk and investor satisfaction were used. They have a mediating role in the relationship between psychological and performance factors on the willingness to invest in the stock market.