Background and Anxiety syndrome is among the most common psychological disorders in preschoolers. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of child-parent relationship therapy in reducing anxiety symptom of preschoolers. Present research was an experimental study with control group. Population consisted of the all the mothers of preschoolers in Kermanshah. Sample consisted of 24 mothers of children with anxiety syndrome (according to Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale) that were selected using random cluster sampling method from three kindergartens in Kermanshah، and randomly assigned to experimental or control groups. The experimental group received a 10-session child-parent relationship therapy، while the control group received no intervention. The results of covariance analysis showed that child-parent relationship therapy could significantly reduce anxiety syndrome in preschoolers (p ≤ 0. 05). According to our findings، child-parent relationship therapy can be used for reducing anxiety syndrome in preschool children.

The relationship between the components of mother-child relationship with anxiety syndrome in preschool children was investigated. 291 females selected by cluster sampling method from a group of mothers with children aged 2-6 years old in Tehran completed the Preschool Anxiety Scale (Spence et al, 2001) and Child-Parent Relationship Scale (Pianta, 1992). The results obtained from regression analysis and correlation showed that positive relationship of mother-child was a negative predictor of the social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the fear of physical injuries. Whereas conflict in mother-child relationship was a positive predictor of anxiety symptoms, especially generalized anxiety, social anxiety disorders and fear of physical injuries. Also, the dependence of mother-child positively predicted anxiety syndrome, in particular separation anxiety. The implications of mother-child relationship in the assessment of children's welfare, especially in clinical contexts and the need for formulation and implementation of treatment profiles by child clinicians were discussed.

The purpose of this study is to comparing self-perception, perceived social support and risking in students by symptoms of social anxiety with normal group. The statistical society of the study include whole of B.A. students of Islamic Azad University at Karaj.
The samples include 303 (147 female, 156 male) which has selected randomly. The SPIN, BSCT, MSPSS, IARS tests has been evaluated. The present research is causal-comparative. The data analysis has done by two-way variance.
The study findings showed that: The mean of self-perception in normal group is more than anxiety group and there is not any difference between subjects. The mean of perceived social support is more than anxiety group. The mean of perceived social support in female students is more than male students. Between subscales of social support, the mean of three subscales include family, friends and important persons in normal group is more than anxiety group. There isn’t any difference between mean of family and important person subscales in female and male students but friends’ subscales in female students was more than male students. In relationship between risking, the mean of groups of anger’ subscale, in normal group was lower than anxiety group and mean of drug, alcohol, sexual behavior is lower than male students.
According to the results the students by signs of social anxiety had lower levels of self-perception and perceived social-support and higher levels of risk-taking as compared by normal students.

In this project, the mental health status of mothers with children afflicted with psy-chiatric disorders was compared with that of the mothers of children without psychological comp- laints. 57 mothers of children afflicted with psychiatric disorders and 56 mothers of children without psychological complaints were selected as the subjects of the study via available sampling. The subjects from the two groups were matched in terms of some demographic variables. To collect data the 28-question version of General Health Questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed via multivariate analysis of variance. The mean scores of mothers of children with psychiatric disorders were higher than those of the mothers of children with no psychological complaints in the subscales of somatic synd- rome, anxiety syndrome, social functioning, and depressive syndrome the difference was more con- siderable in anxiety syndrome. The mothers of children afflicted with psychiatric disorders experience more depression and anxiety, lower social functioning and physical health than mothers of children with no psy-chological complaints.

The purpose of the present research is to study and compare the social competence and anxiety symptoms among monolingual and bilingual students.
The study method was descriptive & casual-comparative; and the study population was all students of primary schools in Kermanshah during academic year 2014-2015 that 160 students (80 monolingual and 80 bilingual were selected as study sample by using multi-stage cluster sampling. The instruments of study were social competence questionnaire (Flenz et al.) and Spans Child Anxiety Scale (SCAS). Data analyzed by using MANCOVA.
Findings indicate that there is no significant difference between the social competence scores and behavioral skills among monolingual and bilingual students (p>0.05, ἡ=0.001). Also cognitive skills monolingual students significantly was more than bilingual students but motivation and expectation were lower in contrast with bilingual students (p According to these results, bilingual students need to more attention and teachers and other responsible person should have enough information about their mother language.

Meta-cognitive is a multidimensional concept. The concept includes knowledge, processes, and strategies which monitor, evaluate and control the cognition. The current study has been done to investigate the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and anxiety and OCD symptoms in nonclinical population.
327 students (182 female students and 145 male students) of Lorestan School of Medicine were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. They were asked to reply the demographic information and also complete the Wells and Cartwright Metacognitive Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety and Maudsely OCD Symptoms Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coefficients and Multivariate Regression Analysis.
There was a significant positive correlation between metacognitive beliefs scores and anxiety and OCD symptoms. In other words, as the metacognitive scale score of the individual increases, OCD and anxiety symptoms will increase, too. There was also a significant relationship between total scores of both scales and scores on uncontrollability and risk, positive beliefs about anxiety, cognitive confidence and need to thought control and self-consciousness (pDiscussion and Dialectical behavior therapy could help the patients with OCD, by training emotional regulation strategies, tolerance and acceptance of negative emotion, to learn how to work effectively on the obsession. Metacognitive beliefs are effective factors in mental health. It is possible to improve student's mental health by changing metacognitive beliefs which enhance maladaptive and negative thinking styles or general negative beliefs.

The rapid socio-cultural changes، i. e. changing the structure of the family and human lifestyle can change the humans with various issues. The deals with these changes require psycho-social abilities. In the present paper it had been reviewed the effect of educating life skills on the mental health of students of Ilam University of medical sciences. This is a quasi-experimental research using post and pre tests. In this study، 61 freshmen were selected through stratified random sampling method in 2013. From this population، 34 ones were in the experimental group and 27 in the control group. For data collection، the general health questionnaire of Goldberg was used. The data were analyzed using SPSS20 software. The univariate analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of covariance and paired T-test were analyzed. The results showed that based on univariate analysis there was a significant correlation between the experimental and control groups in the scales of physical symptoms (p = 0. 002)، social dysfunction symptoms (p = 0. 001) and depression symptoms (p = 0. 048)، but there was not a significant relationship in the scale of anxiety symptoms (p = 0. 174). Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there are significance deference between the subscales of mental health in experimental and control groups (P=. 002). According to the analysis of paired t-test in the experimental group، life skill decreased the mean of scores in posttest compared to the pretest in the scales of the physical (p=0. 001)، anxiety (p=0. 006)، social dysfunction (0. 017) and depression (p=0. 001). Life skills training had an effect on reducing the impact of students'' mental health scores. Training of these kinds of skills causes the progress among the freshmen.

In this research, we intended to normalize and examine the reliability and validity of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-Short Form (FPQ-SF) among Iranian university students. A random sample of 600 students participated in this study. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a 3-factor model with 30 items and a 4-factor model with 20 items were evaluated. For reliability assessment, we used Chronbach’s alpha and for validity applied, convergent validity. Convergent validity was measured through correlation between pain anxiety symptoms scale (PASS-20) and anxiety sensitivity index (ASI). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) reassessment of McNeil and Rainwater's 3-factor 30-item model and Asmundson et al proposed 4-factor 20-item model indicated a poor fit to the data. As such, exploratory factor analysis using 4-factor model (severe pain, minor pain, medical and dental pain, and injection pain) with 24 items was developed. The results of Chronbach's Alpha for fear of pain and each of subscales of severe pain, minor pain, medical and dental pain, and injection pain were 0.83, 0.83, 0.80, 0.76 and 0.89, respectively for total sample. Based on the results of this study, it was found that fear of pain questionnaire with four factors and 24 items shows acceptable psychometric properties in psychological research and clinical assessment of fear of pain in Iranian population.

Tthis study compare the cognitive emotional regulation strategies, anxiety sensitivity and parenting style in mother of adolescences with anxiety symptoms and normal adolescences.The sample was selected in two stages and in the form of cluster samplanig.it includes seven ,eight and nine grade which was studding in 4 district of shiraz city's high schools in 1397-1398.they completed the beck anxiety questionnaires and dass anxiety questionnaires then due the cutting point of these questionnaires 100 students was selected and divided to the group(50mothers of adolescences with anxiety symptoms and50 mother of normal adolescences)they filled Garnefski and Karaj questionnaire and also Taylor and Kaks questionnaire and Bamrind questionnaire.to analyze the data the on way analysis of variance and tukey's test were used.The results show Thad there are significant differences between the average of two groups.in terms of cognitive emotion regulation the difference was in adapted strategies and non-adapted strategies the average of adaptive strategies was higher in normal mother and the average of nonadaptive strategies was higher in mother of anxiety group.In anxiety sensitivity there are significant differences in all of sub scales in both group of mothers and the average of anxiety group in all sub scale was higher than normal group.in parenting style the significant differences is in authoritarian style and easy parenting style.in this way the anxiety group in both scales has higher average than normal group. The result showed that parenting styles ,cognitive emotion regulation strategies and their reaction to anxiety symptom is a factor in health of adolescents.

Anxiety is one of the most common disorders of childhood. The treatment Interaction therapy can be used for determining anxiety symptomsis . In line with this, the Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) has been successful in America as well as in some other countries. However, the application of this approach was more limited in Asia. The present study aimed at evaluating the extent of the effect of PCIT approach on child’s anxiety level according to mother’s anxiety index.
This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Bijan Center for Substance Abuse Treatment in Tehran, Iran, from December 1, 2013 to November 1, 2014. It involved parents referred to two addiction clinics for methadone maintenance treatment in regions of 7 and 9 in Tehran. A sample of 72 mothers and children (aged between 19 and 41 years with an average age of 29.4 years) were selected by convenient sampling method. According to the assumed cutting point score in anxiety index (response rate=94%), the subjects were assigned to two groups, i.e., control and experimental. Based on the three levels of mother’s anxiety, i.e., low, medium, and high levels (response rate=91%), the subjects were sub-divided into six groups. PCIT protocol was presented to experimental groups during the six weekly sessions. A pretest and a posttest (after 12 weeks of training) were administered to the participants. The analysis of data was done by two-way factorial variance analysis test (ANOVA), Scheffe Post-hoc test, and Chi-square using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
The results showed that PCIT has been effective in reducing the anxiety among children whose mothers had low anxiety level (P0.05). Confidence interval of scores of children’s anxiety in the group of mothers with low anxiety was 95%, which was estimated to be 6.94(3.68-10.19) in experimental group and 12.91 (9.59-16.22) in control group.
Implications of these protocols are discussed with regard to their unique potential to address the clinical needs of young children with internalizing problems. However, further research into the evaluation of PCIT using a randomized controlled trial is recommendable.