The purpose of this study research is to study the development of higher education with emphasis of the polytechnic approach. The method presented here is of historical analysis. The findings of this research reveal various factors are in effect in university development, factors including cultural, political, economical  and social, national and international.  Among the challenges of the development of poly is the lack of communication or the need for between universities and the industry. This research concludes that polytechnic university development will lead to a much needed progress at the country industry. The training of the Special Forces will pave the way for better prepared individuals who can lead market at the top level in the country.

This paper aims to compare polytechnic education in the Iranian higher education system with selected countries (USA, Canada, UK and Japan). As a comparative study, the selection of the countries under study were based on purposeful sampling and the data collected through the study of documents, national reports and websites searches of the Ministry of Science of the countries under study. The findings of the study indicate that the developmental process of polytechnic education in Iran has been slow and prolonged compared to the selected countries. Similarly, there is no significant difference between the countries selected for curriculum content and teaching methods. The main difference between Iranian polytechnics and comparable systems is the lack of attention to labor market needs and the lack of links between industry and higher education.

The Efficacy of jigsaw-learning model on students’ academic performance in chemistry at the polytechnic level in Nigeria has not been not been adequately investigated. This study therefore investigates such effect by comparing the academic performance of higher ability, average ability and low ability students exposed to the jigsaw-learning model and those exposed to the traditional method. Two groups of students were randomly selected for the study. One group was exposed to the Jigsaw-learning model of cooperative learning (experimental group) while the other group was exposed to the traditional method (Control group). Variable investigated was effect of the strategy on academic performance of high ability, average and low abilities students. The data generated was subjected to Scheffs’ test of multiple comparisons at P≤0.05 level of significance. Result obtained revealed that: v  The use of jigsaw-learning model can be in tertiary institutes v  It has significant effect on the academic performance of students of all ability levels. v  It can be used to improve the performance of low abilities students v  It is a suitable method of teaching students of heterogeneous grouping. This paper therefore recommends that chemistry teachers in polytechnics and other tertiary institutes need to have a clear understanding of the abilities level of their students to enable them tailor their teaching to meet the students’ learning abilities and need of their students.

Dominant narratives in historiography, policy, and administration of Iranian higher education in recent two decades are talking about the linear historical evolution of universities from the First generation/ educational/ French/ Napoleonic model of higher education to Second generation/research/ German/ Humboldtian model and finally third generation/ entrepreneurial/ American/ startup-oriented model in the world and accordingly in contemporary Iran. However, a literature review of Persian resources shows that except for some sporadic abstract generalities, there aren’t any considerable content about first-generation university i.e. Napoleonic/French/ educational model and its historical conformity with the First French generation of higher education institutes in Iran i.e DarolFonoun; although, that is the main platform of Iranian university upon which second and third models have been built. Trying to relieve this fault in the intellectual and strategic research literature, this paper in the first step introduces the idea of Polytechnique as the First French generation of universities in the context of Napoleon's revolutionary state, technocracy as his government's discourse, and Henri de Saint-Simon and Auguste Comte's "System of Positive Polity". In the second step establishing the Iranian Polytechnique i.e Dār al-Funūn is being studied in the context of Nāṣir al-Dīn Shāh’s reform (Tanẓīmāt) era towards the modernization of governance. Finally, some implications of the Polytechnique-laden foundation of Iranian higher education are noticed for further studies and policy research.