Lonicera japonica is generally known as “Yass” or “Gole Yass” among Iranians, however, this vernacular name is not widely known in Persian botanical textbooks or encyclopedia. Moreover, specialists in plant science and horticulture recognize this plant as “Pich-e Aminoddoleh”, which has been already dedicated to another species, Lonicera caprifolium While the terms “Yassaman” and “Yassamin” were such widely used in the classical Persian literature that many scholars believe that the genus Jasminum hasits name derived from the Persian ‘Yassaman’, the word “Yass”, their shortened form, was not frequently used in the classical Persian literature and medicinal texts. Here, we reviewed ancient and new related pieces of literature and matched the correct terms of “Yass” and “Yassaman” with the correct scientific names on the basis of historical data and morphological characters, as well as the available identification keys.  In this paper, Chrysojasminum is also added as a new genus for the flora of Iran.

The sunshine, temperature, and cost of five kind of shading structures including Date mat, Straw mat, Board, Tarpaulin, and Iranit; and the height, canopy cover, and vigor of 5 species of climbing plants including Rosa banksiae Ait, Lonicera caprifoliom L., Wistaria sinensis (sims.) DC., Forsythia suspense (Thumb.) vahl., and Vitis vinifera L. were compared by using a completely randomized design with 3 replications for three years in Yazd University Campus. The faculties, staff and students of university were interviewed for the necessity of planting bushes at alleys of campus for shading. The results of non-biotic structures showed that there are significant differences among treatments and control (p>0.05). However, there were not any significant differences among treatments. Furthermore, the costs of shading structures were compared. In biotic shading the height of Wistaria sinensis was significantly different from other species (P<0.05). But there were no significant differences in the canopy cover and vigor of Wistaria sinensis, Rosa banksiae, and Lonicera caprifoliom. Most of people who were interviewed highly emphasized the necessity of plantation as shaded bushes.

  Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica L.) is a valuable ornamental plant from climbing groups with many usages in green space. Thus, its production in short time with better commercial quality is very important. One of the important proceedings in propagation process of plants is improving the speed of rooting and shortening this propagation stage. This is happening mostly with the use of various chemical compounds and methods. Today, use of natural materials as an alternative for chemical compounds is concerned with improving rooting of cuttings in ornamental plants that in some cases have observed better and effective influence of these compounds compared with chemicals. Current research has taken place for studying the effect of some natural compounds (organics) in compare with the usual and chemical rooting compound (IBA) on rooting of honeysuckle's stem cuttings. Also, effect of kinds of human hormonal pills on rooting of this plant were studied. This experiment based on completely randomized design with 25 treatments in six groups of treatments including Indole butyric acid (IBA), aspirin pill, LD pill, natural honey, grape syrup and Arabic gum in four concentrations comparing to control (distilled water) in five replications with five cuttings in each replication was done in Gorgan agricultural research center and horticultural department laboratory during 2015-2016 year. Rooting traits including rooting percent, number of primary and secondary roots, length of primary roots, fresh and dry weight of roots and survival percent of Honeysuckle stencuttings were measured in this experiment. According to obtained results from this experiment, natural and chemical treatments had significant effect at 1% Level on rooting traits of Honeysuckle's stem cuttings. The best and highest quantity and quality of roots were observed in 1000 mg/l of indole butyric acid and 60% of natural honey. Study of other natural and chemical treatment showed that %20 concentration of Arabic gum, % 20 grape syrup, 0.5 pill/L aspirin (40 mg/L) and 2 pill/L human LD (0.36 mg/L) showed the best results in compare with other concentrations and control. Due to the desirable effects of natural compounds such as natural honey on rooting of Honeysuckle cuttings, by consideration the economic efficiency, health and effective role of this compounds in organic agriculture, the use of these natural compounds are in priority and suggested as an alternative to chemical compound like indole butyric acid. Also, best concentration of other treatments are still usable, because of their significant preference in compare with control and their positive role in accelerating rooting of cuttings

The genus Lonicera belongs to the Caprifoliaceae family, and in Persian, it is called Palakhor, Shung, or Aminoddoleh. Understanding interspecific relationships based on traditional methods such as morphological features and chemical compositions has conflicting results. In this study, to evaluate the efficiency of DNA barcode in determining the phylogenetic relationships of 12 species of Lonicera under cultivation in different regions of Iran, two chloroplast DNA barcodes (psbA-trnH and trnL-F) were used. Genomic DNA extracted using available kits, and PCR reaction performed to amplify two regions, and finally, purified samples were sequenced. The results showed that the length of the psbA-trnH and trnL-F region are about 420-435 and 940-950 nucleotides, respectively. Parsimony analysis of psbA-trnH and trnL-F showed 382 and 886 conserved sites, 55 and 71 variable sites, and 15 and 16 Parsimony informative sites, respectively. Phylogenetic trees created by the psbA-trnH and the trnL-F regions showed that most species (except L. korolkovii) and the two species L. korolkovii and L. maackii were well distinguished from each other, respectively and they were placed in different clusters. The genetic distance (0.00 to 0.209) between species in psbA-trnH region is more than genetic distance (0.00 to 0.027) in trnL-F region. Therefore, the psbA-trnH region owing to its diversity and reproducibility is a suitable barcode for studying genetic diversity between Lonicera species.

The genus Lonicera belongs to the Caprifoliaceae and in Persian, it is called Plakhor, Shung, or Honeysuckle. Understanding inter-species relationships based on morphological and biochemical characteristics sometimes have conflicting results. In this study, morphological markers, and DNA of nuclear and chloroplast barcodes (including ITS and matK) along with several other sequences from NCBI gene bank database were used to identify, differentiate and determine the phylogenetic relationships of 12 Lonicera species in Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted using existing kits and PCR reaction was performed to amplify the two gene regions and finally the purified samples were sequenced. Cluster analysis based on morphological characteristics divided the species into two large groups, the first group consisting of L. sempervirens and the second group consisting of 11 other species. The closest genetic relationship was observed between L. floribunda and L. nummulariifolia and the least similarity was related to L. sempervirens and L. caprifolium. Principle component analysis (PCAs) of morphological data showed that the first three principal components explaining 71.1% of total variation. The first principal component is controlled by fluffy stem cover, leaflet shape, leaf margin, leaflet tip shape, flower color, fluffy leaf cover, leaf base and fruit color, petiole length and internode distance explaining 38.8% of variation. Based on molecular studies, the length of the matK region was about 1110-1135 nucleotides. Parsimony analysis of this area showed 944 protected sites, 109 variable sites and 19 Parsimony sites. In the phylogenetic tree created by the matK region, all species were isolated except two species, L. korolkovii and L. maackii, and were placed in separate branches. The genetic diversity and distance between species were observed in the matK region with a genetic distance of 0.00 to 0.057. This study could not provide a satisfactory answer from ITS primers. Therefore, the matK region was identified as the best region in terms of the ability to show genetic diversity between species due to its maximum diversity and easy reproduction, which can be used in future research.

The conscious use of plants in the design of buildings is one of the low-cost solutions for optimization that is expanding. Therefore, as one of the most effective foundations and concepts of sustainable development in architecture, the vertical greenery system plays a significant role in reducing energy consumption. In this study, considering the structural diversity of the vertical greenery system, the effect of the green façade with six types of climbing plants on the thermal performance of the conventional residential building in Isfahan province has been investigated. For this evaluation, the parameters such as plant leaf area index (LAI), distance between plant and wall (zero, five, ten, fifteen and twenty cm), thermal conductivity coefficient and plant placement height (ground floor, second and fourth floor) have been measured. At first, by testing selected climbing plants (six species), the leaf area index was collected with a photographic camera and Photoshop software, and the thermal conductivity coefficient was collected with an infrared thermometer and the Lux-Lightmeter program. Then, with the data obtained from the coefficient of thermal conductivity, simulation was done in Design-Builder software to determine the effect of the green façade in the summer and winter solstice on the thermal performance of the building. After classification and data analysis, Lonicera Japonica plant with leaf area index of 10, thermal conductivity coefficient 0.21 w/m2.k and air layer of 20 cm on the ground floor was selected as the optimal condition. Other findings include the direct relationship between the leaf area index and the thermal performance of the building and the inverse relationship between the air layer between the green façade and the external wall. Also, the height component of the plant in the floors compared to the ground floor reduces the penetration of heat into the indoor environment.

Abstract: Amin-ud-dowleh, a Qajar reformist statesman, and his policy in the national and foreign affairs have raised some contradictory judgments. His foreign policy that is on the focus of this research which is based on documentary analysis of his views, should be considered realistically within the political and international affairs of Qajar’s state. Although attracted to the Great Britain because of Russia’s threat, Amin-ud-dowleh should not be labeled as Britain’s agent in Iran. His foreign policy with the inclination to the Great Britain can be counted as the proximity to the third power principle.

Due to the increasing incidence of cancer-related deaths and the deficiencies of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in advanced forms of cancer, new approaches are needed to control cancer, and one of these techniques is the use of nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles. Nowadays, the use of plants for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles has attracted the attention of researchers due to their low cost. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of lonicera nummulariifolia and to study its antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects against lung cancer cell line A549. 

In this experimental study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the extract of lonicera nummulariifolia as a regenerative agent. The antioxidant effects of synthesized silver nanoparticles were evaluated by DPPH assay and finally its antimicrobial and anticancer activity were respectively evaluated by Broth Microdilution and MTT assays at concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml on lung cancer cell line within 24 h. 

The results of DPPH assay showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles at 100 µg/ml had an antioxidant effect of 33.77±0.83. Antimicrobial test results showed that the antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles were greater on gram negative bacteria. MTT results also showed that cell viability was 70.33±0.21 (p>0.05), 51.66±0.24 (p<0.05) 35.75±0.35 (p<0.01), 20.66±0.28 (p<0.001), 13.5±0.31 (p<0.001), and 7.6±0.37 (p<0.001), respectively. Results of DPPH assay showed that silver nanoparticles has significant antioxidant effects (p<0.05).

Considering the antimicrobial and anticancer effects of synthesized silver nanoparticles, it can be used as a drug candidate.

The Education Association was an association that was formed in 1315 AH by the efforts of personalities such as Amin al-Dawla and Ehtesham al-Satna, with the aim of establishing new schools and developing education in Tehran. The association helped the school-building process by collecting donations and public donations. Within six months, they established schools such as the inauguration, elementary, seminary, and Muzaffariyah schools, and gathered 3,000 students in these schools. In addition, the association published books, translated and published the Ma'aref newspaper, and organized adult classes. However, the personal intentions of some members and the differences between them did not allow the association to fully achieve its cultural goals. With the removal of Amin al-Dawla, the association faced many problems. However, the personal intentions of some members and the differences between them did not allow the association to fully achieve its cultural goals. With the removal of Amin al-Dawla, the association faced many problems.

Among the most important ancient monuments of Kashan is the traditional imposing market or the so-called Old Bazaar which has linearly spread across Kashan historical fabric. Encompassing various historical buildings such as inns, Timchehs, mosques, schools, baths, reservoirs, shrines, etc., this Bazaar is one of the most prosperous and magnificent markets in Iran. Amin od-Dowleh Timcheh as one of the main components of this market is among the most beautiful Timchehs. It owes its unique beauty to the artistic creativity and skills of Kashan past architects and artists who made this structure be a unique heritage for the Islamic art and architecture. This study aims to describe, introduce, and evaluate the physical-functional utility of Amin od-Dowleh Timcheh. This descriptive-analytic study used data obtained from fields, libraries, and interviews with experts and key informants of related organizations. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed in order to explore the strategies which help enhance the utility of this structure. Findings demonstrated that physical changes in this Timcheh would help improve the utility of this fabulous structure. Such changes would include the removal of unnecessary elements and places like teahouses, and paying serious attention to the beauty and quality of Timcheh facilities.