Today, the development of the agricultural sector is not possible without relying on efficient information and the use of new technologies, and the use of information technology to develop and update information and tools related to entrepreneurial activities in this sector leads to job creation and value creation. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the components of entrepreneurship development in the agricultural sector based on information technology. This study is of qualitative type (content analysis and Delphi). In order to prepare the data, first, by reviewing the theoretical foundations and previous studies through content analysis method, the components of entrepreneurship development in the agricultural sector based on information technology were identified and through Delphi method, these components were approved and prioritized. In the content analysis method, subjective methods were used to analyze the data and in the Delphi method, descriptive statistics such as counting, percentages were used to analyze the data of questionnaires and interviews. In the content analysis method, 27 indicators were extracted as factors for entrepreneurship development in the agricultural sector and reached the Delphi stage. In three rounds of Delphi, 13 indicators were added to the indicators and out of 40 indicators, only 8 indicators were not agreed upon by the experts. The results showed that the factors affecting the development of information and communication technology consist of 9 components (legal infrastructure, technical infrastructure, educational-extension infrastructure, managerial infrastructure, cultural infrastructure) and 32 indicators that play a fundamental role in business development.

E-business has branched off the important work models of the twenty-first century that, in addition to building strong relationships with current customers, seek to attract more and more customers in today's dynamic and complex market environment. The purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual framework for e-commerce businesses in the field of tourism. The indicators of this study are combined using the meta-synthesis method.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The meta-synthesis method was used to collect the required data. The study population was electronic databases. The research sample population in the present research included scientific sources from 2000 to 2020. The value of the Kappa index was equal to 0.712 and the articles extracted and analyzed through the hyper-combined method had a considerable and good level of reliability. The seven-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso was used to perform the meta-synthesis method.

In this study, six criteria (customer relationship, hardware network, software network, business efficiency, content (employee behavior), and business structure) have been identified, among which 29 sub-criteria were introduced as well.

Real-world managers and users have been advised to develop e-commerce businesses in the field of tourism; besides focusing on six main categories including customer relationship, hardware network, software network, business performance, employee behavior, business model, and variables, they should pay attention to related sub-sections.

Originality/value:

 The extracted new components of tourism e-commerce businesses in the northern region of the country and the categorization of codes for the final analysis and interpretation in the meta-combination method and presenting a conceptual model are innovations of this research.

Summary:Considering that one of the ecosystems that are being formed in Iran is the ecosystem of electronic businesses in the field of education, the analysis of this ecosystem and the identification of its main players and the role of each of them can be used to guide this ecosystem in order to create significant value for each. To be effective and useful from its actors. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and factors of the educational e-business ecosystem in Iran, which tries to answer the question, "What are the main dimensions and elements in the educational e-business ecosystem in Iran?"This research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative content analysis method (theme analysis) was used to identify the dimensions of the educational e-business ecosystem. The statistical population included entrepreneurs and active experts in the field of electronic businesses and owners and managers of internet businesses, as well as academic experts. Among them, 12 people were selected using the snowball sampling strategy in a purposeful and non-random way until the theoretical saturation stage. Qualitative data analysis was done using Max Kyuda version 11 software. The results of this research were 527 open codes in the form of 130 core categories and 15 themes, and based on these 15 themes, the dimensions of the educational electronic business ecosystem were determined. At the end, practical suggestions are provided according to the research results.

گردشگری به عنوان بزرگترین و پیچیده ترین صنعت دنیا محسوب می گردد. تنوع ابعاد و پیچیدگی های صنعت گردشگری متناسب با مناطق جغرافیایی، زمینه های ویژه ای جهت برنامه ریزی و مدیریت گردشگری می طلبد. گردشگری از طریق ایجاد شغل و کسب درآمد می تواند مناطقی را که استعداد گردشگری را دارد به عنوان یکی از عناصر کلیدی توسعه مطر ح نماید. در میان شهرهای مختلف کشور، شهر خرم آباد به سبب قدمت تاریخی، شمار فراوان جاذبه ها و نیز تنوع در آن ها از شهر های بارز کشور به شمار می آید. محله باباطاهر به سبب داشتن آثار تاریخی متعددی ازجمله مجاورت با قلعه فلک الافلاک، بازار میرزا سید رضا، مقبره باباطاهر، چند خانه تاریخی، حمام باشی، میدان گپ، حمام گپ و… قابلیت های زیادی را برای تبدیل به قطب مهمی از گردشگری را دارد. لذا هدف اصلی این تحقیق، تحلیل و ارزیابی قابلیت های توسعه صنعت گردشگری بافت تاریخی خرم آباد (محله باباطاهر) می باشد. روش تحقیق در پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی – تحلیلی و از نوع تحقیقات پژوهشی- کاربردی می باشد. نتایج به دست آمده در مدل تحلیل سلسله مراتبی AHP نشان می دهد که جاذبه های تاریخی- فرهنگی با ضریب (656/0) ، زیرساخت ها با ضریب (185/0) و تسهیلات و خدمات با ضریب (156/0) به ترتیب اهمیت بالاترین نمره را به خود اختصاص داده اند. نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی ماتریس SWOT نشان می دهد که بزرگ ترین عدد به دست آمده مربوط به os که نقاط فرصت و قوت پروژه می باشد که باید "استراتژی تهاجمی " اتخاذ شود ، در این استژاتژی os {حداکثر- حداکثر} می باشد که باید با بهره گیری از نقاط قوت از فرصت های موجود نهایت استفاده را کرد.

An appropriate business environment is one of the important factors in the economic growth and development and in internal and international investment. The aim of this paper is to investigate and analysis the situation of Iran indexes from the viewpoint of business from 2013 to 2017. In this research, the analytic and longitudinal descriptive method was utilized. By utilizing the documentary and library studies and the published official statistics the indexes of business environment, the factors, evaluation components and the important barriers of each doing business indexes during five years in Iran, were analyzed. The findings showed that the indexes of"Dealing with construction permits", "Registering property" and "Getting electricity" have improved more than others index in recent years. The ranking of "Trading cross-borders", "Resolving Insolvency" and “Protecting the minority investors” were the most declining over the years. At the end of the paper, in conclusion and suggestion sections, we analyzed both the improved indicators and improving indicators for mentioned indexes. There are not significance change for the other indexes.

The present study identifies and designs the components that affect the sustainability of the growth and sustainability business models in the ICT industry. In this research, the exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) research framework has been selected. Statistical sample of the qualitative stage of 9 managers of ICT companies whose companies have reached the stage of growth and stability in the life cycle of the business, and the quantitative sample is 277 managers and experts in this field. The data collection tool was semi-structured in the qualitative stage of the interview and in the quantitative stage of the questionnaire. To analyze the qualitative data, content analysis method and for quantitative data, the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis method has been used through structural equation software. The results of this study showed that all dimensions and components of the sustainability model were confirmed and the factors affecting the sustainability of the business model were innovation, creating shared value, participatory leadership, economic factors and corporate governance.

Nowadays, sustainability is converted to a part of business model all around the world (Antolin-Lopez et al, 2016:7). Corporates make connections with their physical, biological and social environment, affect it and are affected by it (Phillis & Davis, 2009:6). Business sustainability model by creating a shared understanding of business logic, making the possibility of analyzing, improving business management, and creating a vivid perspective, leads corporates to get prepared for entering the market and thus, makes maintaining and enhancing the corporate’s position in domestic and global markets possible (Jonson, et al. 2019). In recent studies the discovery of sustainable business models has been very important to scholars (Yang, et al. 2017:168). But currently there is no general definition neither for sustainable business models nor for the factors affecting the sustainability. The other issue which is tried to be focused on as a specific condition of Iran is sanctions. As stated previously, given the current environmental status of Iran, in which the sanctions can be considered as the most important issue, a long-term presence in the environment and maintaining the current situation essentially need the sustainability of business models. So, this study tries to discuss the intra-organizational and inter-organizational dimensions of business models based on the specific situation of Iran. Antolin Lopez et al. (2016) argue that the diversity of the tools evaluating corporate’s sustainability and the loss of knowledge over this issue create complexity and cause confusion of the researchers. Also, in measuring three dimensions of the corporates sustainability (economic, social, and environmental) no exact criterion is considered. So, the purpose of this study is identifying and designing the components of sustainable business model which is consistent with domestic businesses and the firms which are studied have already passed the Innovation and the Startup phase of the business model lifecycle and now are in the growth and stability phase. The approach of this study is also the evaluation of inter-organizational and intra-organizational factors which must be assessed to reach to sustainability.

A mixed approach composed of qualitative and quantitative part has been applied for this study. In the qualitative part content analysis and coding method, and in the quantitative part exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis have been done in order to identify the factors affecting business sustainability. The qualitative sample in composed of 9 managers of developed and knowledge-based enterprises in ICT industry. As the population is not random, the purposeful sampling method (snowball sampling) has been applied. In the quantitative part the sample size, calculated by Cochran formula, includes 277 managers, employees and the experts of the field. In the qualitative part library research and semi-structured interviews are done for collecting data. First the main questions were designed based on the theoretical literature, then gradually new questions were formed during the interviews and were added to the main ones. So, the interview protocol consists of the questions which are exploratory in nature and are along with reaching to business sustainability. In this step the main dimensions and indices of the study were extracted and then were coded using content analysis and were used for preparing the questionnaire which was to be used in quantitative part. In the quantitative part data collected using researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using Amos23 and Spss20. To examine the validity of the questionnaire the content validity and the constructs validity methods were applied, as the questionnaire were confirmed by three experts and faculty members in this field. The reliability was examined by Cronbach's alpha and the resulted mean was 71 which indicates that the evaluation tool has a proper reliability. To analyze the qualitative content, qualitative content analysis method was implemented. In content analysis two ways of content analysis including latent and manifest content analysis were conducted. In other words, in some cases the latent content of the data was extracted too and each interviewee’s quotes were arranged in a table. In the next step data coding, which is the base of pattern analysis, was done. Each interviewee was given a code from Q1 to Q9. Open coding was done according to the key concepts of the managers’ verbal statements and in the concept-driven coding a title has been given to each category of the stated common concepts.

The findings resulted from analyzing the qualitative content of semi-structured interviews include indices and dimensions extracted from verbal statements of managers about the factors affecting sustainability of businesses. These findings show that the factors affecting business sustainability include five elements: shared leadership, innovation, economic factors, corporate governance and creating shared value. In this study 30 indices were organized in the form of 5 components. Assessment of the findings show that the innovation with the standard factor loading (SFL) equals to 0.97, creating shared value with the SFL = 0.67, shared leadership with the SFL = 0.626, economic factors with the SFL = 0.553 and corporate governance with the SFL = 0.427 are respectively the most important factors affecting the sustainability of business models. In assessing the factors obtained in each of the 5 dimensions of our model we come to the conclusion that in order to have a sustainable business model, not to fail in innovation and startup phase, and to reach to the growth and development phase these dimensions and components must be specially taken into consideration. In other words, this model can be utilized as the base of sustainable business in all types of organizations.

Innovation causes changes to all the dimensions of a corporate and while unfortunately many of the corporates in the beginning of their establishing have cognitive biases, they do not care enough about the needs and the realities of the market. Considering the innovation dimension creates flexibility in all sections and causes the early-stage businesses to pass the upcoming challenges successfully. The findings of this study show that the innovation is the most important factor which must be focused on and the components affecting this dimension respectively are: presenting alternative solutions, creating new financial solutions, new products and services, simplifying the process of using products, and designing flexible structure. Producing new financial solutions and the ability to research, develop and create online fund management systems in order to automatically update the resources and proper planning, would have essential impact on business sustainability. Producing new products and services and presenting alternative solutions in solving unpredicted problems also can contribute the corporates in their sustainability. Creating shared value is creating value from making connections between the profitability and competitive advantage of the corporate and its social responsibilities. Networking, offering free services and paving the way for creating added value and supporting the cultural-religious values would result in business sustainability. Offering the best services with lowest prices and special services in supply chain and communication channels along with offering specific services to consumers and other stakeholders can effectively impact on creating competitive advantages and increasing the profitability. So, the corporates are trying to use their own and the society’s weaknesses and strengths as opportunities to be exploited along with the competitive advantage. The effective components in this dimension respectively are: employee partaking in profits, supporting cultural-religious values, facilitating the communications between stakeholders, offering best services with the lowest prices, offering free services and creating added value. Shared leadership is one of the main infrastructures and bases in the formation of venture capital corporations and is the basis of innovation formation which is our most important dimension. The causes of success in shared leadership are in having team spirit, being good at negotiations, having the ability to persuade stakeholders, and being flexible. Corporates should try to improve the team spirit by creating idealism, pursuing goals, and supporting the work groups in the corporate. Inducing altruism, contribution, goal-orientation, and having a positive image of the business can enhance the growth and sustainability of the corporate. The effective components of this dimension are respectively: commitment to completing the work, awareness of current issues, positive forward thinking, inducing altruism and positive image, high ambiguity tolerance, solving inter-organizational conflicts, high flexibility and team consistency, idealism and pursuing the goals, partaking and high team spirit, and being sure of success and growth of the business. In the economy dimension the most influential factors in sustainability are respectively: costs reduction, developing economies of scale, and efforts to gain profits for stakeholders. These factors would increase the productivity and create opportunity and competitive advantage for corporates. A proper corporate governance is the prerequisite of the corporate sustainability. In this dimension these components respectively are the most helpful factors for businesses in reaching to sustainability: developing the culture of caring about social responsibility, transparency and availability of the information, constructive interactions with lawmakers, supporting the managers and employees, and creating motives and positive spirit.

Naturalization is one of the ways for attracting eligible and qualified persons in the way of economic and social development. Legal provisions or laws related to naturalization can play a significant role in this process. Conditions for naturalization in those laws shall led to attraction of eligible and interested persons. Furthermore, those who have acquired such nationality shall have such rights which integrate them into the country who has obtained its nationality. Laws of countries which have been successful in this respect, such as the United States and Canada, have taken into account these conditions. Iranian law related to naturalization is not suitable in respect of the required useful conditions, and so it is proposed to be amended.

Organizations face different problems in the optimal use of data. Business intelligence helps organizations achieve that. This article is based on the qualitative research, using Grounded Theory approach, and it aims to design a business intelligence modelin petrochemical companies located in Mahshahr Special Economic Zone. In this study, 13 executives/experts were interviewed as a sample using semi-structured method and the collected data were analyzed with the open coding, axial and selective stages. and the model was tested and confirmed by the interviewers using the Delphi method. The results of this research provide a model the petrochemical companies, the motivations and the factors affecting successful implementation of Business Intelligence, transition into an intelligent enterprise, and optimized decision-making in all areas.

The purpose of this study is to present the growth pattern of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Iranian poultry industry. For this purpose, with the qualitative research approach and meta-synthesis tools, which include seven steps, the results and findings of the previous research were systematically evaluated and analyzed. In this study, various databases between 2004 and 2019 were examined. Various keywords were used to search for articles in the research and an attempt was made to select a diverse set of keywords to search for maximum retrieval. As a result of searching in different databases, 862 publications were found, of which only 31 were in the field of SMEs growth and were both in terms of title and content in line with the purpose of the present study. By carefully studying the finalizing sources and in accordance with the objectives and questions of the research, relevant findings were extracted from each of the sources, including components and growth indicators of SMEs in the Iranian poultry industry. In total, the concept of SMEs growth in the Iranian poultry industry were identified and classified in 6 dimensions, 19 components and 47 indicators.

The main purpose of this study was to identifying the entrepreneurial business opportunities in Masjed Soleiman Township. To achieve this goal, the qualitative paradigm and the Delphi method were used. Delphi panel members included 20 successful entrepreneurs, experts and people with experience in the fields of agriculture, industry and services in Masjed Soleiman that by using snowball sampling method were chosen. After three rounds, a consensus was reached on the opportunities of starting entrepreneurial businesses in Masjed Soleiman Township. The main research tool in the first round of the Delphi study was a questionnaire with open-ended questions and in the second and third rounds, a questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions. According to the results, the most important opportunities for starting entrepreneurial agricultural businesses are, respectively, priority: "Cultivation of medicinal plants", "Fish farming in the margins of Masjed Soleiman dams" and "Modern and industrial greenhouses for greenhouse production". According to the results of the research, the top priorities in the field of opportunities for starting entrepreneurial service businesses in Masjed Soleiman Township include: "Packaging of livestock products such as curd and other similar products", "Packaging of various medicinal plants" and They were "cold storages of agricultural and food products". According to the results of the research, the top priorities in the field of opportunities for starting industrial entrepreneurial businesses in Masjed Soleiman Township were: "Development of downstream petrochemical industries", "Development of downstream industries of aluminum plant" and "Processing of medicinal plants".