High workloads are a major challenge to health care workers, especially first-line supporters, who are assistant nurses, and this has many negative consequences. this study aimed to identify the factors affecting the workload of nursing assistants in one of Tehran hospitals.

The research is descriptive-qualitative with the method of qualitative content analysis. With the participation of 13 assistant nurses who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and after each interview, the data were loaded and analyzed in MAX QDA software and this process continued until data saturation.

In the findings of continuous data analysis, a total of 473 codes were found in the factors affecting workload in the process of nursing assistants' work system. Finally, they were classified into five categories of Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model (person, task, organization, tools, equipment, and environment).

most factors affecting workload are obtained in the organizational component and the least in the environmental component of the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model, which indicates the high role of interpersonal relationships in the workplace and hospital rules on the workload of nursing assistants.

Improper management of hospital waste has become a major concern in many developing countries. The present study was conducted with the aim of ranking the health-environmental and management criteria of hospital waste using the multi-criteria decision-making approach of ANP-TOPSIS.

This research is a qualitative study. After identifying and determining the health-environmental and management criteria of hospital waste, the validation of criteria was done using the Delphi method and using a questionnaire. SPSS software was used for data analysis. In order to weight the criteria and sub-criteria, the Analytical Network Process (ANP) technique and Super Decision 2.2 software were used. Then, TOPSIS method was  used to evaluate and prioritize the identified sub-criteria.

Totally, 11 criteria and 44 sub-criteria were validated by Delphi method. Results indicated that “the participation of nursing assistants in separating infectious and non-infectious waste” (by weight of 0.705), “the participation of nurses in waste disposal” (by weight of 0.659), and “decontamination using hydroclave method” (by weight of 0.633) were found to be the first three main controlling health-environmental sub-criteria in waste disposal, respectively. Also, the sub-criteria of “participation of nurses in educational programs”,  and “participation of nursing assistants in educational programs”, and “changing the purchasing chain in reducing waste production” were identified as the most effective management criteria in reducing waste production, with scores of 0.778, 0.748 and 0.718, respectively.

Based on the obtained results, encouraging employees to participate in waste separation and management training, modifying the purchasing process with an emphasis on reducing hospital waste production, as well as regular and continuous monitoring can improve the effective implementation of waste management practices in hospitals.

Nurses in the first line of corona care were exposed to psychological complications such as anxiety, depression, and burnout. Self-efficacy has been identified as one of the important factors controlling nurses' burnout. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of job burnout and coping self-efficacy of nurses in Yazd during the COVID-19 pandemic.

  This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on nurses in Yazd who cared for patients with COVID-19. Using stratified random sampling and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Chesney Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES), data were collected and analyzed with SPSS version 26 statistical software. (p<0.05)

200 nurses (response rate 69.4%) completed the questionnaires. The nurses' burnout mean was 44.35±17.38 (range 4-99) and was mild. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in male nurses were significantly higher than in female nurses (P=0.02 and 0.01, respectively). Nurses with work experience between 5 and 10 years had higher emotional exhaustion and contract nurses also had higher burnout score compared to other nurses. (P value< 0.05) The nurses' coping self-efficacy mean was 125.56±36.67 (range 26-240) lower than moderate. Nurses with postgraduate education used a more problem-oriented coping style. There was no significant difference in other variables of age, gender, and marital status in coping self-efficacy and its dimensions, and also self-efficacy and its dimensions according to nurses' job characteristics did not have a significant difference either.

In this study, nurses had mild burnout, but their coping self-efficacy was lower than moderate. More studies on nurses' burnout are recommended to maintain their readiness to deal with crises. Nursing managers can use the help of postgraduate nurses in teaching problem-oriented self-efficacy style.

 One of the effective programs in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders among nursing assistants is the use of educational interventions on patient handling. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of patient handling training based on Precede-Proceed model on musculoskeletal disorders among nursing assistants.

 This was a semi-experimental study conducted in 1401 on nurses working in a hospital in Kermanshah province, Iran.  in the three stages before, one and three months after the intervention. The data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, the Nordic questionnaire, the body map scale, a visual analog scale and a musculoskeletal disorders prevention behaviors questionnaire including items based on the Precede-Proceed model. Data analysis was done in SPSS software.

 In all 100 nurses were entered into the study (50 nurses per each group). Before the intervention, there was a significant difference in the rate and intensity of musculoskeletal disorders between the intervention and control groups only in some parts of the body, but after the intervention, there was a significant difference in the rate and intensity of the disorders between the two groups in all areas (P-value <0.05) indicating the improvement in intervention group. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the score of knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, reinforcing and enabling factors and behavior in the intervention and control groups (P-value>0.05), but after intervention, these scores had significant differences between the two groups (P-value<0.05) showing improvements in the intervention group.

 The patient handling training based on the Precede-Proceed model had a significant effect in reducing the rate and severity of musculoskeletal disorders. Conducting more studies on a larger sample is recommended.