The purpose of this research is to investigate how the cultural elements of the story "Farsi Shekar Ast" by Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh, is transferred from Persian to Arabic, using Peter Newmark's model for categorizing cultural categories and its translation strategies. The most important findings of the present study, which have been written with a descriptive-analytical method, indicate that the story of "Farsi Shekar ast" has all five categories of cultural categories that Newmark deserves, the translator translates this story more than the equivalent cultural equivalent and in this way, a translation is tailored to the culture of the target language.

There are categories that cannot easily be transmitted to the target text due to belonging to the source culture. The transfer of these categories, known as culture-oriented categories, is difficult to deal with. Therefore, the translation can be a very important and practical tool to create this connection; cultural categories translation is a complex and labyrinth subject in the theory of translation. Categories reflecting society culture are usually incomprehensible to other societies with different cultures and sometimes leading to misunderstanding. “Shahrzad” plays have been translated in Persian by Ayati and Shariat. This research studies and analyzes two Persian versions according to the theoretical framework of Newmark to choose the correct translation. The most important findings of the present research, which is written in a descriptive-analytical way and using a library tool for data collection, indicate that Shahrzad's play has four cultural categories considered by Newmark, and the category of ecology in this text has no place and the translators have used the cultural equivalent to translate this play, respectfully both translators have presented audience- oriented translations.

Relying on Newmark's theoretical framework, the present study examines the quality of transferring the unit of culture and the performance of translators in translating the novels Miramar, Zaqaq al-Muddaq, and the Nile Trilogy by Najib Mahfouz, The Season of the Hijrah to the North, and Ars al-Zain by al-Tayyib Saleh and Daruz al-Bulgrad by Rabbi to measure the degree of conformity of translation with the components of this theory. After reviewing and adapting the original text and Persian translation based on Newmark theory, it was found that in translating these novels, the methods of transmission, localization, and cultural equivalent have been most used in transmitting the unit of culture. Cases have not been successful in conveying cultural categories. Many cultural categories, including the names of food, clothing, antiquities, institutions and organizations, customs, etc., without explanation in the footnote, are only transferred to the target culture and make it difficult for the reader to understand, which is one of the weaknesses of translators.

Cultural categories and non-verbal features are crucial components in visual and auditory texts, serving a vital function in effectively transmitting and eliciting the primary concepts to the audience. Translators, particularly those working on movies, are primarily concerned with accurately comprehending, receiving, and conveying these aspects. The translator can effectively communicate the cultural concepts and non-verbal aspects of the movie to the audience by accurately employing textual counterparts in the movie subtitles. This research is focused on the translator's role in accurately conveying the intended meaning of cultural categories and non-verbal elements in audio-visual texts. It utilizes the descriptive-analytical method to examine the translation of subtitles in the movie "Melody." The translator should undertake the task of translating these elements. To evaluate the translation of subtitles, Gottlieb's methodologies and Peter Newmark's suggested cultural categories were both used to increase the accuracy of the findings. The analysis of the Arabic translation of the subtitles of the Melody movie revealed that the translator mostly employed semantic translation and made efforts to accurately transmit cultural characteristics in the target language for enhanced clarity of meaning. Thus, to accomplish this objective, the translator has employed the methods of "rewriting," "expansion," and "transformation" from the 10 strategies proposed by Gottlieb. However, when it comes to translating non-verbal aspects, the translator has chosen not to translate these parts because they are universally understood in both the source and target languages. As a result, the translation is focused on the needs and preferences of the audience.

Heidegger’s concern for passing the differentiation between subject and object, sketched Dasein as a fundamental ontology based on it, other philosophical categories. In his special ontology, He introduced understanding as an existential entity, which has a direct and immediate relation with the time and the world, not able to be independent of cultural categories. On the other hand, distinguishing between practical and theoretical knowledge, Islamic philosophy does not recognize human free will and cultural effects in all levels of knowledge, yet stays loyal to the constant and permanent aspect of the world.

Home is the initial need of human and settlement is a basic requirement in human communities. Since past times, it was the aspiration of human to meet these needs suitably and to some extent has always challenged human communities and has made changes in its different dimensions. These changes in from, design, material and knowledge of settlement construction are going to be investigated. The purpose of this research is to assess the adaptation of new construction with the indigenous architecture and also the satisfaction rate of the people for the new architecture. So, in line with approaching the objective of this research, the economic, sanitary, stability, cultural, functional and physical components of both categories for new and indigenous housing have been taken into consideration. Our statistical community is the villages of the central part of Delfan County. About 17 villages of more than 50 households where the new construction have taken place are accidentally selected. In the meantime, by using cuchran formula, sample volume of 133 heads of family was chosen. In line with assessing the adaptation of new constructions with indigenous architecture and also studying the people’s satisfaction of new architecture, the T test, vilkakson test and also way analysis model were used to investigate the direct and indirect effects of categories on new architecture. The results of Vilkakson test show that in all categories except for the compatibility with the social situation of family from cultural category, there is no adaptation in new constructions and local architecture. Also the T test shows that people have satisfaction with the physical, stability and sanitary categories in new construction but are not satisfied with the cultural, economic and functional categories. Finally, the way analysis test shows that cultural category has had the most direct effect and the economic category has had the most indirect effect on new construction.

The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the effect of cultural categories as an effective factor in the development and determination of grammatical gender in languages having grammatical gender. The category under consideration in this study is the category of tools as a very ancient category in human history. For this purpose, 330 common tools in German and Russian were examined in terms of grammatical gender. In this particular case, the Chi-square test showed a significant difference in the frequency of females in the instruments between the two languages; with a statistic of 9.332 and significance level of 0.002. Therefore, based on the theoretical framework used in this study, namely cultural linguistics, it was found that the cultural identity of the German speakers towards "woman", from the perspective of the above said framework, is more gendered and instrumental than the Russian speakers. This study did not have a diachronic approach and all analyzes were presented synchronically. A closer examination of cultural categories can explain much more complex issues of a linguistic community's culture or their cultural cognition and recognize cultural linguistics as a valid framework for linguistic research. It is obvious that the hypothesis raised in this study needs to be tested on a larger number of languages having grammatical gender to obtain the scientific validity of a theory.

Formalism and rationalism as two impressive trends in the cultural and social views and thoughts are much discussed in the history of Islamic thought; education is also one of such cultural categories which are influenced by these intellectual trends. The question that is set forth here is whether the Islamic formalist trend has the ability to present a thorough educational theory for religious education. To answer this question, the present article examines the impact of Islamic formalist trend in educational arena in such fields as the goals, principles, concepts, and methods of education, and then proceeds to criticize this educational trend from the viewpoint of Islamic rationalism.

Language is a system by which all sorts of thoughts and concepts are transmitted and exchanged. On the other hand، translation performs like a tool which eases this exchange of information and makes it interculturally possible. Yet، the translation of cultural terms and concepts has always been a tricky area of translation practice، and for which numerous translation strategies have been proposed. Newmark has also contributed to this area of translation and suggested many strategies and even classifications. Newmark divides cultural terms and concepts into five categories which assumingly should apply for almost all cultural terms. Through a quantitative and qualitative study we attempted to investigate the application of Newmark''s Cultural Categories on Persian cultural terms and concepts. To fulfill this aim، three short stories by Jalal- Ale- Ahmad (which were enriched with cultural terms and concepts) were selected as the corpus of the present study. At the end، based on the extracted and later analyzed data، the five categories although quite handy، did not apply on all Persian cultural terms and concepts. Eventually، three categories were suggested to compensate the Newmark''s model.

Lifestyle in retirement is considered as one of the indicators affecting their living conditions and is necessary to improve their quality of life. Explaining and recognizing the status of the Social Security Pension Fund based on social, economic and cultural categories that affect the lives of retirees is the most important part of the process of reviewing their status. The purpose of this study is to analyze the experiences and perceptions of retirees from the Social Security Pension Fund. This study was conducted with a quantitative content analysis approach. A purposeful sample of 15 people was selected from among retirees living in Tehran who were over 60 years old. Data were collected and analyzed by in-depth interviews.
An in-depth analysis of the experiences and perceptions of Tehran retirees from the Social Security Pension Fund led to the identification and categorization of two main categories and four subcategories. The results showed that retirees have many complaints and criticisms about this organization, structure, implementation method, function, etc. that they want to be heard. Coherent organizational and administrative arrangements (structural category) with high executive guarantee and responding to the family needs of retirees and immediate change of their current living conditions (cultural category), have been among their most important concerns. On the other hand, the problems of retirees are not macro (structural) and legal and legislative (process) problems, but their problems are of organizational and cultural nature with two indicators of destiny (daily life) and livelihood that the Social Security Pension Fund should have in its executive system. Pay attention to them.