Located on the fringes of desert on the foothills of Shirkooh Mountains, Taft City has witnessed a documented history dating back to 14th century AD. Early 15th century AD witnesses the stay of the greatest mystic of his time, Shah Nematollah Vali in Taft and the foundation of Shah Vali Complex. The original elements of this complex include a mosque and a khaneqah (a place for mystical congregation). Other urban elements were built in next centuries forming a complex parallel to the irrigation network and river direction. This complex has been a dynamic city centre throughout the history of the city, adapting to the urban requirements of each period and developing in concordance with contemporary urban development.

Investigation and research on contemporary carpets is a vital and original perceptions of «identity» problem and relevant expressions with time and environment is certainly not a easy task. As we deal with some general concepts such as identity، the research literature is often directed to complex and philosophical issues. In the study of cultural encounters and interactions in Ardabil carpets it can be seen that an unbalanced process in social-artistic relations with some style-owned and dynamic cities in the last half century has caused that its simplicity and originality be affected and apparent contradictions can be observed. This paper is a comparative study of 36 samples of carpets from «Aran، Azerbaijan» and «Ardabil» to explore the concept of identity in both traditional and contemporary works، and find the reason for lack of identity via leaving common native identity for reproduced exotic identities.

Today, the impact of technology growth on the lives of our people and society is significant, inevitable and also worrying. The role of urban public spaces in social life has become less important and significant. Not much attention has been paid to the issues of social life in public spaces and relationships with the creation of a dynamic city in urban planning and design. The research method used is analytical and descriptive. The question arises as to how urban public spaces (especially squares) can encourage citizens to increase social interaction. This study addresses the effective factors from a human perspective that can help achieve a successful design of an urban public square. The purpose of this work is to understand how to improve life and social behaviors in public spaces (squares) and, consequently, to provide effective strategies in this regard and appropriate design framework. The purpose of this work is to understand how to improve life and social behaviors in public spaces (squares) and, consequently, to provide effective strategies in this regard and appropriate design framework.

What are the dimensions of urban dynamics is the study motivation of this article. The purpose of this is to present a different perspective on how to analyze social dynamism in the urban space. “How can self-socialization of citizens affect the dynamics and sustainable development of a city?” By reflecting on the stated question, one can realize the special importance of this article. In this context, the information baggage of two sociology treatises was used by adopting the secondary analysis method. These treatises were done with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods in the cities of Tehran and Arak; But based on the problem plan of this article, the result indicates that urban life can have a dynamic atmosphere according to important dimensions such as: diverse opportunities for comfort and social health, reducing damages, improving environmental health, etc. In addition to a dynamic city, it is necessary to adopt policies in the “cultural field” of the society so that the social self of the citizens is activated towards the expression of responsibility, competencies and abilities. In this field, the participation of entrepreneurial activists in different fields should be used. What supports the self-social dynamics of citizenship is the active campaign of entrepreneurs who have.

The issue of passive defense has been considered as one of the important measures adopted by rulers and founders in the trend of formation and expansion of cities in the history of Iranian architecture. This type of defense was intended to minimize the damage on local forces against the enemy attack and was usually performed without the intervention of human forces. The present research tries to respond to this question that with regard to the awareness of the founders of Dehdasht city in respect of the necessity of political and economic security for Dehdasht، for what reasons، the passive defense variables have not been noticed? In response to this question، this assumption is put forth that due to lack of proper use of the two principles of separation and scatterings، the city has undergone serious damages in six time sections. Using the descriptive and historical analytical approaches، this research has tried to evaluate the role of components effective of this defensive system in the process of formation، expansion and disintegration of Dehdasht city in Safavid and Qajar ages. The data collection method has been made based on library researches and field studies. The results show that Dehdasht city، since Safavid up to Qajar ages has had a incorrect use of passive defense. This has put Dehdasht city exposed to intrusion and plundering during four hundred years in six time sections. This important issue in a short period of time has led to the destruction of the city and shift of one of the political and economic power centers to the southern cities such as Behbahan. There is no doubt that this incident has had an important role in exiting Dehdasht city from the row of economic dynamic cities and commercial routes.

Based on various indicators such as dynamic cities, world cities, top cities, livable cities, creative cities, quality of life and competitiveness, Tehran has not gained a worthy position among the cities of the world, despite having the necessary potential and capability. This is while the capacity of human, intellectual and symbolic academic capital and effective interactions and interaction with the field of urban management, can be effective in creating and promoting the network of smart cities and their creative relationship with regional and global networks. And lead to national and local development. Lack of effective interaction between universities, with public organizations such as urban management, has led to reduced productivity and efficiency in this area. In this research, the strategy of integrated and multiple methodology has been used. This methodological strategy itself consists of four approaches of positivism, pragmatism, instrumentalism and persuasion. And research, the third and fourth integrated approach and the reference theory used is the social exchange theory regarding the interaction of two institutions. The result of these approaches and theories is the presentation of the "knowledge-city- University" model. The different parts of this model are described in detail from the stakeholders of both the university and the city, as well as the supply and demand of the desired and applied knowledge.The result is that if startup strategies and complementary and executive projects are used alongside this operational model, the mentioned indicators about the city will definitely improve and its position in the world rankings will be greatly improved.

During a very long period of time, civil engineers have been the only ones to be designated as the experts for underground space, while the planners and architects were the ones of the development at the surface. Cities worldwide tend to overlook an invaluable asset that lies beneath their surfaces. Most cities and urban regions are unaware of the benefits underground space use has to offer, both for climate inflicted and spatial constraints: In many cities, infrastructure development is being outpaced by population Growth. Climate change effects are requiring radical new approaches in terms of coping with for example excessive rainfall. The available space at the surface is rapidly being used up and the biggest danger is that built-up spaces are taking over the public green spaces of cities thereby threatening livability and quality of life. Urban underground space forms a societal asset, which is often unappreciated and underestimated in terms of the role it can play within dynamic city environments and associated challenges. The world-wide trend of increased urbanization creates problems for expanding and newly-developing cities alike. Population increase leads to an increased demand for reliable infrastructure, nowadays combined with a need for increased energy efficiency and a higher environmental awareness of the public. The use of underground space can help cities meet these increased demands while remaining compact, or find the space needed to include new functions in an existing city landscape. Use of Urban Underground Space (UUS) has been growing significantly in the world’s biggest and wealthiest cities. UUS has been long acknowledged to be important to the urban development agenda: sustainability, resilience, livability, and creating a better urban environment in particular.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of smart urban spaces on citizens’ participation in Iran, especially in the metropolis of Tehran.Smart cities are the cities that make the most of the Internet and the Web to provide diverse and comprehensive services to citizens in various fields. The creation of such a city will have many economic, social, cultural and political implications. Citizens' participation in urban planning and urban management is expected to improve as cities become smarter. The study of the impact of urban intelligence on participation is very important because the concept of participation is considered as a basic concept in urban planning literature all over the world. This is important in metropolises of developing countries such as Iran, which are rapidly undergoing social change such as citizen participation. Especially in a city like Tehran where the level of participation is far from the desired point. The question is, what effect will smart cities have on participation, and what will be the future of citizen participation in smart and dynamic cities? Descriptive-analytical research, while using the methods and tools of documentary studies in the section of theoretical foundations and research suggestions and then based on the survey strategy (Citizens' Questionnaire for 385 people in Tehran), tried to collect data. And then analyze them (with SPSS software). The results indicate the confirmation of the research propositions, because the score of the propositions is higher than the acceptable minimum (3.1) and the standard deviation is below 1 in almost all cases. Also, one-sample t-test with respect to the significance level (sig) below 0.05 showed the confirmation of the propositions.

Urban space can be the most successful public arena in this century if employ the potentialsfor collective cooperation in creative ways in order to provide further services. The theory of creative city tries tostrengthen the qualities which enhance the image of a city for the citizens and create a dynamic city in terms of cultureand intercultural learning. Therefore, the existence of generator, open, and the popular spaces are necessary along 24hours a day. Since the nightly work and activity gradually became parts of the urban life, urbanization requirementsconverted night into day for people, and the urban spaces allocated a special position in this phenomenon. Desirableurban spaces should be made in response to the present urban environment of the cities. Accordingly, the purpose ofthis study is to present designed solutions in order to interactive lighting to create live and urban spaces. The studyuses a qualitative research method and a case study, based on field studies via a questionnaire and direct observations,meanwhile recognizing the principles of making creativity in urban spaces and the study of physical and socialenvironments of Ahmadabad Avenue- Mashhad are investigated by using SPSS to analyze formal, qualitative andvisual values in the space. Results of this study indicate whatever emphasized in urban design and the darkness comesfollowing the sunset, may arise disorder in its performance, to helping artificial light modeling keep its efficiencyduring the night.

Due to their constant change and dynamics, cities will always be exposed to serious risks and damages, which require appropriate methods and models to deal with and manage these accidents. In fact, cities need to reach a resilient level in their various dimensions. Resilience has been proposed in urban and regional studies to reduce urban damage. Resilient cities can provide a good starting point by deepening our understanding of the current situation and moving towards more sustainable solutions. Therefore, the current research has used twelve indicators with the aim of identifying and investigating the current state of physical resilience in the eight districts of Gorgan city. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and in order to weight the research indicators, Shannon's entropy technique is used, and to evaluate and prioritize the resilience of each of the areas in terms of urban physical resilience indicators, the decision technique is used. Multi-criteria evaluation of cumulative weight production has been used. The results of the present study show that, among the 8 urban areas, area one with a priority coefficient (0.549) ranks first in terms of urban resilience indicators, area two with a priority coefficient (0.260) ranks second. The fourth region with a score of (0.250) is in the third place, the seventh region with a priority coefficient (0.207), the third region with a priority coefficient (0.238), the sixth region with a priority coefficient (0.228), the eighth region with a coefficient Priority (0.207) and District Five with a priority coefficient (0.198) are ranked f