Today in many developed countries, renewable energies has been considered as an alternative for fossil energies. Expecting to run out of fossil energy resources and the pollution resulting from using them are the two main reasons that many countries are focusing more and more on renewable energy resources. In an attempt to reduce its dependency on fossil energy sources and the pollution caused from it, Iran is also turning its focus toward alternative resources and there is still much room for improvement in this area. This study aims to investigate the impact of using renewable energy resources through a different aspect in the country. The impact of using renewable energies on the national security of Iran is the subject of this article. In order to investigate that, national security is divided into four dimensions including economic, social, environmental and energy.The impact of using renewable energies has been examined on each of these dimensions using vector autoregression method. The result shows that using more renewable energy resources amplifies each of these four dimensions, hence amplifying the national security of Iran.

These days, achieving an optimal model and defining a comprehensive map for energy supply have become necessary in Iran. Considering a holistic approach and drawing a desired state in the different aspects of sustainability, including technical, economic and environmental criteria, this study introduces an optimal model in order to achieve cost-effective and environment-friendly energy resources under various 100 to 500-year scenarios using a genetic algorithm. Results determined the appropriate portfolio of energy resources in each mentioned period. According to the results, the share of fossil fuels to supply energy is higher than the other resources and the relative impact of financial indicator is more substantial than the environmental indicator in short-run, while this trend is rapidly changing toward renewable energy resources; so that a share of 63 percents of fossil fuels in the 100-year period has changed to the share of 62 percents of renewable energies during the 500-year period. Also estimating the harvest of each of the energy resources from there source capacity over a year showed that, along with increasing the length of various scenarios, the use of renewable and environment-friendly resources is recommended nearly full capacity utilization.

Nowadays, with the use of devices such as fossil distributed generation and renewable energy resources and energy storage systems that are operated at the level of distribution networks, the problem of optimal reconfiguration has faced major challenges, so any change in the power of this resources can have different results in reconfiguration. Similarly, load changes during the day can lead to different results in reconfiguration, so it is necessary to provide a model that dynamically considers the daily load and models the uncertainties in renewable energy resources. The main issue is the reconfiguration that the distribution system operator must consider in the next 24 hours. This paper presents a mixed-integer second-order cone programming model to solve the problem of stochastic dynamic reconfiguration in distribution networks by including fossil and renewable energy resources, battery, electric vehicle parking lots, and demand-side management programs. The objective is to reduce the cost of load curtailment, reduce the cost of losses, reduce the cost of purchasing energy and reduce the cost of cutting off the power of renewable energy resources. The 33-bus distribution network is presented by defining different cases for the analysis of the proposed model, the results of which show the efficiency of the proposed model.

Divisions of power system are affected by different parameters like natural disasters and unforeseen events. This case is important for improvement of present networks or design of new networks, and it can prepare the network for fast restoration with minimum damage. The objective of this study is to increase security of energy supply in sensitive points using renewable energy resources so that networks technical constraints is satisfied beside energy resources uncertainty and sensitive loads priorities. Due to the presence of DG units and the uncertainty of their power, common methods of security evaluation of energy supply are not applicable directly. Finally, a comprehensive algorithm based on imperialist competitive algorithm, scenario reduction, and optimal power flow is proposed and supply adequacy of consumers is evaluated by solving a set of optimal power flow equations. The proposed model is presented in MATLAB and GAMS environments and optimal mix of energy resources is obtained to increase reliability of network. Final results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in optimal design of hybrid energy resources and remarkable improvement of energy supply security.

The geo-economic situation and the amount of oil and gas reserves in the Republic of Azerbaijan, along with Russia's disputes with near abroad from 2006 to 2014, and the disruption of the gas of the European countries, was a factor in pushing the European Union to seek new energy resources to Azerbaijan. The present paper examines the causes, context, and also the role of the energy variable in the European Union's cooperation with Azerbaijan over the past few years. The main question of this article is the question of what place Azerbaijan has in the EU diplomacy of energy? In response, it is hypothesized that "Russia's political use of energy resources to pressure the European Union, as well as the growing need of the Union to import energy resources, will provide conditions for increasing EU cooperation with Azerbaijan through the Southern Gas Corridor has brought And increased union bargaining power. The findings of the study show that the union, in its awareness of the asymmetric dependence on Russian energy and its consequences and security threats, has sought in recent years to reduce these threats by connecting with Azerbaijan and diversifying its energy resources.

This research presents a mathematical model for oil and gas optimal allocation to different sectors in Iran using operations research techniques. Sectors are residential and commercial, transportation, industries, agriculture, exports, injection to oil reservoirs and power plans as a secondary energy producer. Optimal allocation of energy resources to end-uses from 2011 to 2021 has been done using a linear programming model regarding lifting of subsidies. The results provide scientific basic for the optimal allocation of energy resources in Iran.
This research presents a mathematical model for oil and gas optimal allocation to different sectors in Iran using operations research techniques. Sectors are residential and commercial, transportation, industries, agriculture, exports, injection to oil reservoirs and power plans as a secondary energy producer. Optimal allocation of energy resources to end-uses from 2011 to 2021 has been done using a linear programming model regarding lifting of subsidies. The results provide scientific basic for the optimal allocation of energy resources in Iran.

The emergence of the concept of "sustainable development" created fundamental changes in the political and economic sectors of society. In this context, recently, the utilization of renewable energies for environmental protection has been widely accepted in developed countries. European Union model for the use of renewable energies resources in order to achieve sustainable development in this area is considered one of the most successful models. European Union policy on the exploitation of renewable energy resources, in addition to diversification of energy resources, is an essential step to preventing environmental damage and irreparable damage to the environment. The main aim of this study is to provide an overview of strategies of European Union in order to utilization of renewable energy resources and achieving sustainable development goals as a successful model in this subject.

Although on the basis of geo-economic theories، study of energy-related issues is of strategic importance to all countries، energy resources are no more restricted to oil and gas reserves as was the case during the past century. Of course، these resources are still key elements of global energy reserves. Today، in addition to geo-politics and geo-economics، the concept of hydro-geopolitics puts high emphasis on the importance of energy obtained from water resources، putting them on a par with oil and gas resources. Furthermore، the energy resources and their products should be transferred in different ways. Under these conditions، countries owning، producing and consuming energy should pay due attention to future outlook of energy resources. They should also take steps to organize production، transfer and consumption of energy. This paper aims to study and analyze Iran’s position in foreign policy and economic relations of Tajikistan in the light of Tajikistan’s open-door policy.

IntroductionSerious changes in the actors, resources and control methods in the international politics are under way. Over the past years energy resources has been at the forefront of great powers interest and has functioned as determinant factor in their regional and world politics. Due to limited energy resources and problems of safety and affordable access to them, this issue has become one of the most important issues in international security. Energy security is crucial for the European countries that are dependent on importing energy resources.MethodologyThis research uses the descriptive- analytical method. This article focuses on the future situation of the Europe energy and then uses the future study techniques. The analysis of current trends can provide the better understanding of future.Result and discussion Energy is one of the most crucial issues for the Europe and its economy that prosperity and daily life depends on it. The Europe depends on import of energy resource. The European energy demands import from Russia and Middle East. The facts show increasingly demands and vulnerabilities for the European countries that are mainly dependant on the Russian and Middle East countries. The energy security is in the top security priorities of the Europe and European countries and their policies that want to access to security and reliable energy resources. Several energy projects like NABOCU, SOUTH STREAM, AGRI and other projects are under considerations but the problem remains unsolved. The political considerations prevent the European benefit from the Iranian resources opportunities. Increasing demands of the west Asian countries (China and India) and their investment in the Iranian energy fields have crucial role in future of Europe that is very important issue. Conclusion European countries to deal with their vulnerabilities in energy dependence should seek some new alternatives. The political considerations prevent Europe to use their best option. Iran is the most serious, secure and economic option. This reality force Europe to consider their anti Iranian policies. Iran should have different plans to use future realities.

In international relations today, dominance on oil and gas resources and their pipelines draw attention of many policy makers. Therefore those countries that possess energy – oriented policies make most of their decisions upon their energy resources. Russia also uses energy as leverage for reinstruction of its power while it exports natural gas to Europe. Facing a reduction in its military power and its political position, as well as structural economic problems, and using a pragmatist approach, Russia acknowledges its energy resources as the most important element for wining in international competitions. Therefore it tries highly to use its energy resources as a political weapon and an important leverage in its foreign policy.
The present article attempts to answer the following question: Which strategies in energy area are used by Russia and how its goals are assessed? The article argues that Russia tries to use energy as leverage in interaction with other countries so that it can gain control over energy markets and play a significant role in world’s political and geopolitical issues.