Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Penn resiliency program on student psychological adaptation and attribution styles.
In this pretest-posttest nonequivalent-group design in company with 2 months follow up stage, 30 students at Shahid Beheshti University in experimental and control groups responded to the student adaptation to college questionnaire Baker & Siryk (1984) and attribution style questionnaire Peterson, Semel, von Beayer, Abramson, Metalsky & Seligman (1982). The experimental group received 7 resilience training sessions (2 hours per session).
The results of covariance analysis indicated that Penn resilience program was effective in increasing psychological adaptation and optimistic explanatory patterns and in decreasing pessimistic explanatory patterns in short term and long term.
This findings suggest that Penn resilience program in university students could result in increasing psychological adjustment by providing the ability to use optimistic explanatory patterns.

Disparate and competitive theories have been proposed to explain cultural evolution, which one of the most known ones is the Memetic theory. Present article claims that proposed theories such as Memetics represent part of the culture to make them discernible by using analogies. It should be noted that any model including Memetic has been generated by abstraction and idealization and these models are not also necessary in the form of propositions, hence one should not expect such theories to be true. Two reasons are noted in this regard. Firstly, idealization is associated with distance from the truth. Secondly, only propositions are truth-bearer. In the present article, Memetics has been selected from the theories of cultural evolution as a case study, which has been tried to introduce the critiques of its opponents and rejoinders of its defenders. As a result, it is highlighted that culture is highly complex to be lonely explained by an explanatory model. Moreover, no model including Memetics could however, lonely claim for exclusive explanation of culture and the combination of a set of explanatory patterns would pave the way for a better understanding of it.

Despite the fact that the issue of Iranian constitutional movement has been variously studied by researchers from different perspectives, only few studies have ever explored this significant event in its relation to the historical context of Iran. Most studies carried out in the field have taken two major theorethical stances: the first one holds that constitutionalism is believed to be a foreign import, and thus lacks any contextual congruency or social relevance to the historical context of Iran. This can suggest that from the very beginning the constitutionalists’ attempts to establish such a political order were doomed to failure. The second stance ascribes the failure of the constitutional movement to external factors, foreigners’ interventions and poor leadership.
Accordingly, the purpose of the current study is twofold: I) To examine if the failure of the Iranian constitutional movement in establishing a democratic political order was simply due to the asynchrony of the plan and the concrete-conceptual realities of Iran II) To theorize, if possible, an alternative explanatory pattern. To this end, both historical investigation and causal explanation are used as the research methodologies. The findings of research indicate that despite its ability to explain the failure of Iranian constitutional movement, the impossibility pattern proves to be a reductive approach which cannot account for other aspects of the historical reality. The findings also reveal that the alternative pattern (the incomplete plan) offers a credible explanation for the existing structural deficiencies, and considers constitutionalism as an open-ending project of a political transformation to come – what is still a matter of concern and relevance to the contemporary history of Iran.

Many cinematic works in the world revolve around a central character. It can be claimed that the common feature of these works leads to an archetype that Joseph Campbell used as the basis of his theory, which makes it easy to understand all their hidden meanings. The hero's archetype appears in most works as a man, while the hero can also be a woman. Due to the limited presence of female heroes in cinematic works, this study intends to investigate female heroes' presence based on the film "La Femme Nikita." The research is about to answer these questions: "What is the pattern that shapes the story of the hero in the movie" La Femme Nikita"? What is the hidden meaning of this work and how it is formed despite its structural similarity with other works of the hero How is the axis done? ". In this way, the article toakes a descriptive and analytical method and, based on the analysis of information collected from constructive comparative mythology, concluded that the pattern shaping the story of the hero in the film " La Femme Nikita" is the same explanatory pattern of Campbell. However, certain details are different due to the change in the hero's gender. This work's hidden meaning is derived from the dual confrontation of nature/culture, animus/anima, love/violence, forgiveness/justice, and the confrontation and conflict with the West's patriarchal culture.

In today's world, the concept of education has changed a lot and hence it is necessary to change the process of educational activities. The increasing emergence of environmental issues and the meagerness of understanding in respect to the environmental education in society has led to the necessity for the effective environmental education in the academic environments. This research intends to find a more efficient model for students to achieve simultaneous-learning and memorizing of the carbon cycle among the existing educational approaches. Thus, by considering the importance of thinking in the educational process, the research has applied explanatory models and Bybee five-step. They are compared on learning-memorizing the carbon cycle in the ninth year Experimental Science textbook. This research has been done by quasi-experimental method. The sample is 60 of ninth grade female students of one of the public schools of Mallard Education who was divided into two groups. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select them. The data collection tool was a researcher-made test whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Additionally, the normality of the distribution of scores was measured using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Moreover, independent and dependent group t-tests were used to test the research hypotheses. Based on the results, it was found that both teaching models have increased learning and retention in learners, but the educational design based on Bybee five-step model has been significantly more effective on learners' retention than the explanatory model.

This study aimed at recognizing and modeling areas and infrastructures of commercial law in Iran professional sport and providing management decisions.A researcher-made questionnaire with 70 items was used in this study; the content validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by 7 experts and its reliability coefficient was determined as 0.894. The sample consisted of 300 faculty members, sport experts, coaches, athletes/champions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used for construct validation, identification of the factors and estimation of factor loads. The analysis of the data and structural modeling were conducted using SPSS21 and LISREL. In explanatory pattern of commercial law in professional sport, areas and infrastructures of commercial law were identified which included 11 factors: legal contracts, international regulations, validation, ambush marketing, employment law, antitrust law, intellectual property, sport agency, mediation relationship, sport media and economy.Three factors (legal contracts, international regulations, and economy) influenced other factors which explained commercial law in Iran professional sport. If any of these three factors can appropriately influence other factors of this model, the root of many problems in commercial law in professional sport will be identified. Attention to the factor loads and the relationship of each factor with other factors in this model are helpful for managers in their decision making.

The term of trade’s shocks, as one of the main sources of economic fluctuations in developing economies and affecting macroeconomic variables, including private saving, is one of the important factors determining of capital formation and economic growth and development of countries. Iran is one of the countries that accounts for a large part of its export revenues from the export earnings of oil resources. Therefore, considering the dependence of Iranian economy on oil revenues and the important role of private saving in economic growth and development of the country, consideration of the factors affecting private saving , including the effect of term of trade volatility, is of great importance .Few studies have been conducted on the effect of term of trade’s shocks on private on saving, to date, no study has been carried out on the issue in Iran Therefore, the present study uses the time series data of 1360 to 1396 to study the effect of term of trade fluctuations on private saving in Iran. In this study using GARCH model, the amount of fluctuations of the country's term of trade relationship has been achieved for these years. And the effect of the effect of term of trade’s shocks on private on saving using the ARDL and Error Correction Model self-explanatory pattern. In order to study the stability of the model's coefficients, Cumulative Residual Tests (CUSUM) and Cumulative Waste Squares (CUSUMQ) have been used The results revealed that show a negative relationship between effect on the term of trade’s shocks and private saving in the period under study.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of the method of conducting quantitative research and the type of Structural Equation Modeling Research (SEM) that was used to construct a conceptual model of research using the method of Grounded Theory (systematic). The statistical population of the study consisted of all the heads of the ministry of sport and football federation, academics and professors of the university, media representatives, managers of football clubs, coaches, players and referees who were qualified (N = 165). This was selected using purposeful sampling method. To collect data, a questionnaire was made through interviews with experts and scholars were prepared. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was obtained by 10 professors and experts and the reliability of the tool was obtained by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 897). In order to examine the factor structure of the questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis was used to identify 18 of the 71 items was leading. Data compiled by confirmatory factor analysis using partial least squares (PLS) were used to assess the validity was confirmed. Considering the significant coefficient values obtained with 95% of confidence in the structural model, all the causal, subjective, interventional, strategy and consequence factors had a significant and positive effect on the pivotal phenomenon of corruption. Only did the relation between causal, subjective, interventional and strategy factors have a significant negative effect on the results.

There are various methods for comparing the explanatory power and validity test of deregulation patterns to numerical solution methods with their equivalent methods in the financial and technical literature. Also, the advantages of this comparison of patterns are more for the methods of analysis of index fluctuations and de-trending and its reliability to the methods of estimation and regression. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the explanatory power of the model between the numerical solution method and the estimation approach using regression. In this regard, the new geometric method of droplet motion and pattern solving using the innovative Fokker-Planck algorithm and the Augmented Dicky-Fuller estimation method were compared with the trend-reliability assumption. Statistical population of Tehran Stock Exchange stock price index research; And the statistical sample was the daily values of the index from 1390s to the end of 1399s. The results of de-trending and reporting the explanatory power of the patterns were stated that explanatory power of the geometric pattern of drop solution is more than other models, which indicates the greater validity of the analysis of the movement of the index according to this model than the statistical model named Dicky-Fuller generalized.

Statement of the problem: Today, the quality of achieving environmental meaning and subsequently the actualization of the sense of place in different levels has been specially considered due to its importance in architecture, especially with the emergence of the knowledge of environmental psychology. According to this and the belief in the dominant methodology propagated in behavioural sciences, it seems that attempting to explain the environmental design process in the form of common methods in other sciences and presenting it in descriptive patterns is one of the main goals of joining these areas of knowledge. The significance of this adaptation is considerable and covers the core of this research in point of the effectiveness of architectural products in the contemporary world. The current study attempts to answer the following questions: "what are the main effective physical factors in forming the environmental meaning and actualization of a sense of place? Moreover, what is their mechanism of action in the process? Also, how can it be described as a generative structural pattern?"
Research

According to the above-mentioned subject, the main goal of this research is to investigate the state of achieving the environmental meaning and subsequently actualizing the sense of place. It is focused on its structural process by a systematic approach in a form of psychological pattern based on the levels of human existence.

Regarding the exploratory nature of the study, a qualitative survey method entitled "Constructivist Grounded Theory" was chosen to identify the variables of the problem and deduce the relations between them. It should be noted that the semi-structured interviews with some specialists in the field of architecture and environmental design were utilized in this method, in addition to the descriptive-analytical strategy.

In this research, the importance of the variable "environmental perception" was focused, in different aspects, as the center of the considered process in the proposed pattern. Therefore, its key role in defining human expectations of the built environment and his behavioral reaction was emphasized as a result. Accordingly, a generative structural pattern consisting of three elements of "components, syntax, and meaning" is presented, which are equated with physical factors, environmental behavior, and environmental sense respectively. Finally, it could be claimed that the suggested pattern is capable of evaluating the existing environment purposefully and efficient in designing new environments