Football contracts in the domestic arena and, to some extent, in the international stage suffer from a plethora of gaps and imperfections. According to pronouncements by FIFA, every football contract is valid only upon the possession of 13 specific headings. In contrast, the regulations of Iran’s football federation lacks any particular minimum criteria for football contracts.
        This paper, while examining the minimum criteria of football contracts under the regulations of FIFA and Iran’s football federation, deals with the legal status of player’s internal contracts with clubs, particularly when they conflict with the official agreements of the players registered in football federation and reaches the conclusion that in case of conflict between the contents of internal contracts and the formal agreements registered in the football federation, the latter prevails. Also, it comes up with the findings that codification of a minimum standards for football contracts, the unification of the contents of such agreements, modernization of regulations applicable in the football field, and the removal of their ambiguities, are necessary and unavoidable.

The freedom of will in football contracts, similar to other contracts with distinct characteristics, is not absolute. In addition to general restrictive rules, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) has also imposed limitations on such contracts. This article delves into examining the position of the parties' free will in football employment contracts. This research was done using descriptive analytical method. The predefined conditions in football contracts should not be merely considered ceremonial formalities; the objective of including such conditions is to establish contractual balance without interference from FIFA or the federation. If these regulations oppose the mandatory rules of a country, a judge may refrain from enforcing them based on the mandatory rules or laws related to public order. However, the primary challenge lies in the fact that football contracts benefit from their own enforcement mechanism, and generally, such disputes are not referred to public courts. The overarching approach is that no rule or provision should unduly restrict the parties' contractual will, and the principle of contractual freedom in football employment contracts, like other contracts, should be considered by the parties as a fundamental principle. Therefore, the parties' will enjoys legal validity as long as it does not contradict FIFA's mandatory rules, the mandatory rules of the country, or unilateral conditions against contractual goodwill.

Social responsibility is new concept in marketing and sociology field that football clubs have potential to use it. The main objective of this study was codification of Strategies for Football Clubs of Iran's Primer League. The sample consisted of 19 people's experts, administrators, coach and faculty who were selected through theoretical sampling and Maximal Variation. Data analyzed through three stages coding include open, axial and selective. In coding, 42 cods, 14 fields in six categories include of media education, ethical-social education for managers, athletics and stakeholders, education citizenship, sociometry, Social branding, director maker, financial development infrastructure development, volunteer development, development of fourth generation in football, contracts, online networking, negotiation and diplomacy and 6 components of education, social engineering, independence, structuring, thinking and communications were classified. Each strategy according to local community and the football club's position can be prioritized to benefit both the club and the community.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting corruption in the contracts of players and coaches of the Iranian Football Premier League. The present study was a qualitative research and exploratory research that used the method of field research and in terms of purpose is one of the applied researches. The statistical population of the study included experts and knowledgeable people in the field of football industry, experts and professors in the field of sports management and managers of the league and football federation and referee’s committee of Footbal Fedaration. Purposive sampling was performed. The research tool was in-depth and semi-structured interviews which at the end of 16th interview saturation was acquired. Findings showed that 126 primary identifiers were extracted with a total frequency of 282, which were classified into 16 concepts (axial identifiers) and 7 subcategories (selective identifiers). with respect to the frequency observed in the initial identifiers for all documents, the concept of legal weakness with a significance coefficient of 85, mafia with a significance coefficient of 51, incompetence with a significance coefficient of 38 and mismanagement with a significance coefficient of 33 and individual and social immorality with a coefficient Significance 26 had the highest significance coefficients among other concepts. According to the findings, it is suggested that in order to prevent administrative corruption and operational corruption, in relation to football contracts, the existing structures in football should be reviewed and reformed first. It it is also suggested in the macro policies  the privatization shpuld be seriously considered, because with the privatization of football, politicization will be removed and management reform and meritocracy will be created. Also, in addition to consider macro policies, it is suggested that the federation, clubs and other related organizations pay special attention to the behavioral education to prevent individual and social immorality.

The aim of the present study was to diagnose the pathology of frequent changes of coaches in the Iranian Football Premier League.The present study is applied in terms of purpose; In terms of exploratory nature;In terms of data collection, descriptive-survey and due to application, Q methodology is a type of mixed research.The statistical population was all veterans and elites of Iranian football, from which 20 people were selected as participants by a combination of purposeful and non-probabilistic sampling and snowball sampling. Finally, the main factors in the frequent change of coaches in the clubs of the Iranian Football Premier League were prioritized based on six mental patterns.Club minded people, ignorant managers, ignorant coaches, the yellow media, a flawed economy,and ultimately destructive communication were among the mental patterns that emerged from the research.According to the research findings, it is suggested that officials and policy makers of sports, especially football managers, by adopting executive strategies to create stable conditions for coaches to work with knowledge, motivated and future by increasing the legal knowledge of coaches in cooperation contracts, skills development Communicate and express their wishes and opinions clearly with managers and the media, reduce political games and destructive behaviors in the club, reduce mediation and mediation in the field of coaching, design, develop and implement professional principles and regulations in clubs, develop a vision and strategic plan for The club and the activities of the club and the selection of sports and football managers as CEOs at the top of the clubs.

Today, commercial brands can introduce their brand and products to millions of viewers by advertising around the playground, or at least encourage them to visit their website (Kazemipour et al., 2020). In fact, companies try to communicate the positive emotions resulting from sports competitions to their brand, and by advertising in sports events and connecting the value and excitement of these games, a positive feeling towards their advertising and as a result to their brand. to create This positive feeling strengthens the position of the brand in the minds of consumers and increases the probability of purchase (Rashidzadeh et al., 2014). Brand awareness is the first stage of familiarizing an audience with the brand. Brand awareness is one of the points that perhaps most of the world's famous and popular brands are well familiar with and new brands are trying to achieve. But brand awareness can be very useful for brands that are still unknown or people are not very familiar with it (Asadollahi et al., 2021). In many studies, the effect of advertising on brand awareness, brand value and customers' purchase decisions has been discussed. In this regard, Asadollahi et al. (2021) found in a study that there is a positive and significant relationship between advertising tools and brand identity and the commitment of sports consumers in football. According to the said content and the attention of the media and viewers to the referees and their performance in the Premier League football matches, and also considering that there has been no research on the commercial role of football referees, and in order to develop the findings in this field, the researcher Looking for an answer to the question, does advertising on the uniforms of Premier League football referees have a role in brand awareness among television viewers?In terms of its nature and purpose, the current research is applied and in terms of implementation, it is placed in the category of pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental research. The statistical population of the research was the television viewers of the premier football league in 2022. Sampling in this research was among the people who watch Premier League soccer games on TV. That is, one of the criteria for entering the study is the answer to the question of whether they watch Premier League games on television or not. If the answer is positive, the sample was included in the research process. It should be noted that the questionnaire was presented in two stages. One stage before the start of the Premier League and two weeks before the start of the Premier League from 1 June 2022 to 15 June 2022 and the second stage 2 months after the start of the Premier League, the second stage questionnaire was distributed and collected. The financial sponsor of the referees of the Premier League in the season of 2021-2022 is Pars Oil Company, and the brand awareness of this company should be investigated. The sampling method was available sampling, 30 people were selected and placed in the research experimental group. The data collection tool required for the research is a standard 16-question brand awareness questionnaire by Fereydoni and Kalate (2016) with 5 components (product type, product availability, mental associations, audience engagement and understanding of brand value) on a five-point Likert scale. (from totally disagree score 1 to totally agree score 5) In this research, the opinion of the experts regarding the research questionnaire was made and they confirmed the validity of the research tool. Also, in order to check the reliability of the tool, Cronbach's alpha test was used and it was confirmed at a high level (above 0.7). In this research, in order to describe the data, descriptive statistics and frequency, frequency percentage, and central and dispersion indices were used, and at the level of inferential statistics, dependent t-test was used with the help of SPSSv22 statistical software.The results of the research showed that there was a significant difference in the components between the pre-test and the post-test, which shows the effect of advertising on the clothes of the Premier League referees on brand awareness among television viewers. The results of the conducted research indicate that some companies producing global products have also taken advantage of the popularity of the football game and by paying huge sums of money, they ask football players to use the products of these companies, whether in the field of sports life or to use it outside, so that the fans of that particular player or his respective club will also be led to use these products, which confirms the results of the present research. According to the results of the present research as well as the research literature, it can be said that football is one of the sports that has no end and the popularity of this sport is increasing day by day. Considering that football is an important sport, as a result, referees of the Premier League are also an important part of the football competition and their mistakes or sensitive decisions can affect the match, so advertising on the clothes of the referees of the Premier League can be Be effective in the eyes of the audience and viewers. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that in order to improve the awareness of the brand of the contracting parties with the football referees' committee, these advertisements should also be carried out at the level of the provincial games. Also, in order to improve the awareness of the brand of the companies contracting with the football referee committee, advertising should be done on the personal pages of the referees in the virtual space, and in order to improve the engagement of the audience, the selected products of the companies should also be included on the clothes.

The aim of this paper was to determine the role of effective variables in valuation of the players (human capital) of the premier football league.
The research method used in this study was a descriptive survey. The statistical population of this research work included all the 418 Iranian football players playing in the Iranian premier football league. The sample size calculated for this research work was 200 persons based on the sampling formula from a limited sample with an error level of 5 percent. Descriptive statistics and multiple regressions were used to analyze the demographics and data, respectively.
Based on the results of the research regression model coefficients, the findings indicated that some variables such as age, number of national matches, number of goals and the level of player’s previous team, and number of times he has been playing as a fixed player in the previous season are effective in their prices as human capital of clubs and other factors such as the position of playing, individual and team rewards and honors, foot, height, goal ratio, and minutes of playing that did not have a significant effect on the pricing of the players.
According to the findings of the current research work, it can be concluded that factors such as the age, number of national games, number of goals, level of previous team of players, and number of presence in fixed composition must be given special attention for valuation and pricing of football players by clubs in the time of registering contracts.

The purpose of this research was to identify and rank the factors influencing co- branding between Manufacturers of sports equipment and Football Clubs of Iran Pro League. The present study was a qualitative-quantitative research. The statistical population of this study consisted of sports marketing management experts, CEO of Football Clubs and CEO of manufacturers of sports equipment. Of these, 16 persons collaborated with the researcher and made the Delphi Research Panel. In this study, Fuzzy Delphi method was used to identify the factors affecting co-branding between clubs and sports equipment manufacturers. According to the Delphi Panel, the identified factors were categorized into 4 main factors with 19 components as follows: brand management (enhancing brand value, utilizing the knowledge and experience of partner brands in the area of brand management, brand positioning, brand identity, brand equity and brand image), relationship between partners (satisfaction, mutual trust, commitment, shared interests, reliability to creative and innovative product and strategies), marketing factors (marketing mix, market positioning, competitive advantage and entry into new domestic markets) and supportive factors (copyright law, contracts and social media). Hierarchical decision making (AHP) and Expert Choice software were used to prioritize the factors co- branding. Accordingly, among the components of the research, marketing with a relative weight of 0.441, is the most important influencing factor and after that, the relationship between partners (0.29), brand management (0.152) and support factors (0.172), respectively. Also, according to the obtained compatibility rate (0.05), the validity of this information has been confirmed. Therefore, it can be inferred from the results that the use of the results obtained in this research can be a way for future management of football clubs.

Sport organizes and enhances the morale of players and spectators and is an integral part of human life. Sport is influenced by the politics and decisions of political actors and also affects politics at the local, national, regional and international levels, so it is necessary to address it from the perspective of political geography and examine the effective dimensions of sport in both space and politics. And contract analysis. There are constant links between sport, athlete, spectator, place and politics. The FIFA World Cup is a showcase of action and reaction between powers, countries and schools on a national, regional and international scale. When a national football team succeeds in navigating or winning a tournament, political actors use that victory to increase power, win elections, arouse the nation's sentiment, and increase internal solidarity. This research is theoretical in terms of basic purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The findings are provided by referring to library sources (Internet, books, etc.) and 96 cases of overlapping concepts of political geography and the World Cup using the method. Hermonetics has been discovered and identified from scientific documents and news. Findings show the main geopolitical concepts in the World Cup including: countries, players, coaches, spectators, sports media and political actors in national and international dimensions with the concepts of war, peace, patriotism, identity Divergent and convergent forces are geopolitical, geopolitical tensions and isolation. In the field of geopolitics, the concepts of World Cup, FIFA, football players, national team, hosting, match, group, competition for hosting, power, stadium, team tactics and football field with concepts of geopolitical field such as: world geopolitical system, UN, actors Geopolitics, country, geopolitical weight promotion, geopolitical competition, geopolitical region, geopolitical competition, power, geographical space, geopolitical strategy and geopolitical competition space correspond.

The purpose of this study was to present a model for the development of football and futsal in East Azerbaijan province. This research in terms of purpose was applied, in terms of strategy was qualitative and in terms of implementation was content analysis. Participants in the study were experts in the field of sports, especially football, and university professors. Purposeful sampling was performed and the total number of participants was 16. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. After the finalization of the codings, 25 concepts over seven main themes were extracted including contingent factors (football as the most popular sport, football is a pervasive and global phenomenon, increasing the active presence of women in football, paying attention to Azerbaijanis' interest in football, society's tendency to football as a recreational sport, the existence of a young talented sport), interactions (cultural development of football, fan loyalty to the club, attracting spectators from playing with famous teams), development genres (modeling of successful countries in football, development of professional clubs, awards Name of football clubs), development stages (creation of local soccer associations, training of football experts, training of specialized human resources), development obstacles (lack of specific football equipment, lack of codified and continuous planning, Lack of academic football coaches and specialists, lack of scientific methods in talent identification, poor management in marketing), values (sport is a factor for health and vitality, cultural activities) and resources (existence of basic football equipment, resources from attracting sponsors, appropriate financial facilities). Based on the findings of the present study, for the development of these sports in East Azarbaijan province, football and futsal managers, while paying attention to the contingent factors, need to formulate development plans in the fields of development resources, development stages, development genres, Interactions, barriers to development and values.