The aim of this study was to identify the Humanological foundations of Glasser's theory of reality therapy and its critique based on the Humanological perspective of Imam Ali (as) in Nahj al-Balaghah. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical (review), according to which, by reviewing the available sources, the Humanological foundations of Glasser theory were identified and then reviewed from the perspective of Nahjul Balagha. The findings showed that, unlike Glasser who did not pay attention to the spiritual aspects of man, Ali (AS) considers man as a material and spiritual being and does not limit his life to the world. Glasser also considers man equal to total behavior, but Imam Ali (AS) considers man to be composed of intellect, heart, soul, nature, and body. According to Ali (pbuh), man has the ability to know the facts, and God has provided him with the tools, including reason. Unlike Glasser, who considers man only responsible for satisfying his needs in the form of a qualitative world, Ali (a.s.) considers man responsible for his actions in this world and the hereafter, others, cities, and even animals.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of teaching Glasser's psychological choice theory in training-the-trainer courses on qualitative development in education. The need for this research is to address the issue of educational needs and empowerment of language learners by teachers. The above research is of an applied type and its statistical population includes a group of 40 foreign language teachers (French and English) who were randomly divided into two groups of 20 (experimental group and controls). The experimental group was trained in a teacher training course called Strategies for Teaching Foreign Languages and learned the concepts of Glasser's choice theory. The control group had received no training. The two groups of teachers were evaluated twice by pre-test and post-test using a questionnaire. Our hypothesis in this study is based on the fact that the teaching of Glasser's choice theory in the trainer training course is effective on the evolution of the teaching model of French and English language teachers. To test the above hypothesis, an analysis of covariance was used. The results of this study show that the auxiliary random variable (F = 357.360) at the level of error (0.01≥P) is significantly related to the dependent variable. There is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores; the control and the experimental group have a significant difference in the post-test score. Teaching Glasser's choice theory in the train-the-trainer course was effective in changing the post-test stage French and English teacher teaching model by 90.6%.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling based on Glasser’s choice theory, on bully victimization male students in order to increase ability for encountering bulling behaviors among guidance school students in the city of Tehran. The research’s method was Quasi- experimental (pre – test, post – test with control group). The statistical population contains all of the students in 22 regions in Tehran city, that, by means of multi-stage random cluster sampling: one of the region and then one of the schools were selected. The bully victimization scale (B.V.S) was administrated then 30 students were selected from among the students recognized as victims. They were placed randomly in experimental and control groups. Group counseling based on Glasser’s choice theory was administered to the experimental group in ten 60 minutes sessions.The collected data were analyzed using t- test for independent groups and showed significant difference between the means scores in experimental and control groups.Group counseling, effectively increased ability for encountering bullying behaviors and decreased victimization of students.

This research is about the effectiveness of the counceling with choice theary of Glasser in women techers successfully employment of Tehran 15 area. The samples are 30 women teachers of area 15 that had low performance at 87- 88 evalution. They are put in experiment group and control group after taking pretest. To collect data use 4 inventories: made scholar job adjustment inventory، Dunnet job satisfaction inventory، Herzberg motivation factors inventory، Farahbakhsh job successfully inventory. Experiement group met independent variable at eight sessions after pretest. Post test was taken with the end of sessions. For inferential analysis covariance analysis test was used. Research finding indicate that the counseling with chice theory of Glasser is effective in women teachers successfully employment increase.

The Purpose of this research was studying the effectiveness of training Glasser's choice and control theory on identity Pattern evolution of pre-university adolescent girls of Isfahan. Research method was Quasi-experimental with two groups of experiment & control with pretest and posttest. Statistical population of this research was including 40 persons (20 subjects in the treatment group & 20 subjects in the control group) by cluster random sampling method selected of fifth region of Isfahan pedagogy. The instrument was Bennion & Adams's Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity status (EOM-EIS -2).In order to analyze data, analysis of covariance was used. The result showed that training Glasser's choice and control theory was effective on diffusion & achievement Identity of adolescents but was ineffective on their foreclosure and delayed identity. We request that all the parents and responsible people provide appropriate opportunities for adolescents to different choices.

Nowadays, it could be reasonably argued that addressing health issue and contributory factors behind it is vitally important. The prevalence of risky behavior among different groups, especially in teenagers, is one of the most serious health threats. This study aims to determine the effect of group psychotherapy in light of glasser approach on risky behavior. The research is semi-experimental design. The research population contains all the patients correctional and rehabilitation center, among which 24 clients were selected and were assigned randomly in two experiment and control groups. The experiment group received group psychotherapy in light of glasser approach, in ten 90-minute sessions per week. The control group did not receive any interventions. Risky behavior self-administered questionnaire was used in order to gather the data. The results indicate a significant difference between control and experiment group after the implementation of the independent variable in risky behaviors. Given this, it could be concluded that if this approach is used on a group or individual level among clients in correctional and rehabilitation center, the frequency of risky behavior among them will be substantially reduced.

Nowadays, the strengthening couples through marital enrichment programs for encounter with marital problems have received family professional’s attention. The objective of this research was investigation the effect of ENRICH's and Glasser's marital enrichment programs on couple’s marital satisfaction. This study was an experimental design and pretest-posttest with control group. Participants were 36 married couples in Behzisti's counseling centers of Ardebil that selected by available sampling method. All Subjects completed the ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire. Then subjects randomly assigned in two experimental and one control groups. (24 couples in the experimental groups and 12couples in the control group). Two experimental groups received ENRICH and Glasser marital enrichment programs and control group had no treatment. In the end of treatment, couples again completed ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance, Analysis of Covariance, Multivariate Covariance Analysis and scheffe test. Marital enrichment programs could effectively increased and improved marital satisfaction in experimental groups compared to the control group. Also ENRICH and Glasser marital enrichment programs improved marital satisfaction dimensions such as personality issues, marital communication, conflict solving, financial management, leisure activity and sexual relationship but comparisons among the two programs revealed that none of them was clearly superior. In sum, the findings of present research revealed that the usage of marital enrichment programs could prevent of marital distress and divorce.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder is a type of behavioral disorder that is closely related with parent-child relationships. Inappropriate relationships between the mother and the child can create,  maintain, and escalate this disorder. The aim of this study was to develop a training program for mothers based on Adler-Glasser techniques and to examine its effectiveness in improving mother-child relationships in children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. The research was semi-experimental with pretest- posttest design with control group. The statistical population was all available mothers of elementary students in Isfahan from which 40 parents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder were selected and randomly assigned  to experimental and control groups (20 each). To collect the data, the Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4) and the  Parent-Child Relationship Scale (PCRS)were used in both pre and posttests. The experimental group received nine 90- minute training sessions in Adler-Glasser techniques .  Results showed that in the post-test phase, the Adler-Glasser techniques had a significant effect on improving mother-child relationships in children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. It can be concluded that this intervention program can be used effectively to improve relationships between children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder  and their mothers.

Emotional divorce is one of the most common phenomena in Iran. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of Glasser reality therapy in a group manner on marital adjustment, emotional differentiation and intimacy in couples with emotional divorce. The research method was a semi-experimental one-group type with a time series design. From the statistical population, married couples with emotional divorce who had referred to Andisheh and Allameh Amini Centers for counseling, 16 couples (8 couples) were included in the sample group in a targeted way. The participants completed 8 sessions of couple therapy based on reality therapy in a group manner (two sessions per week), each session lasting 1.5 hours. Before the intervention, after the end and one month after the end of the intervention, the participants answered the questions of the Marital Compatibility Questionnaire, the Couple Differentiation Scale, and the Marital Intimacy Scale. The obtained data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA. The results of the research showed that the intervention of Glasser reality therapy in a group manner increases marital compatibility and intimacy of couples in couples with emotional divorce. Also, the results showed that this increase continues in the follow-up phase. The results of this research didn't confirm the effectiveness of Glasser reality therapy in a group manner intervention on the emotional differentiation of couples with emotional divorce

The aim of this study was to Comparison of the Effectiveness of Family Education with Glasser's Reality Therapy Approach and Ellis's Rational-Emotional-Behavioral Approach on Social Adjustment in Elementary Students by promoting Family Performance . The statistical population consisted of all parents and students of the fifth and sixth grades of the three regions of Kermanshah, which among them, 75 students with their parents were selected, based on multistage random sampling method and they were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group based on Glasser's reality therapy, and the second group based on Ellis's rational-emotional-behavioral approach were received the necessary training for two and a half months, and the control group was received no intervention during this period. The data were analyzed according to one-variable and multi-variable Covariance analysis and LSD post hoc test. The results showed that family education based on reality therapy approach and rational-emotional-behavioral approach on family function (P<0.01) and social adjustment of children (P<0.01, F=30.14) are effective. However, the mean difference in the family function scores between the first and second groups was not significant (M=0.04, P>0.05). Also, the mean difference in the scores of social adjustment of children between the first and second groups was not significant (M=1. 56, P>0.05). As a result, it can be concluded that family education with Glasser's reality therapy approach and Ellis's rational-emotional-behavioral approach on social adjustment of children by promoting family performance are effective but there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of them.