In this study, the recreational value of Mellat Ilam Park(MIP) and the WTP rate of visitors to this park were determined using a conditional valuation method (CVM) and a double selection questionnaire. Sampling was done randomly from the visitors of (MIP) during the spring of 1397. In order to determine the sample size of the pre-test, the design was completed by the visitors and then, using the Cochran formula, 245 questionnaires were determined. To measure the willingness to pay visitors, the logit model was used and the parameters of this model were estimated based on the maximum likelihood method. The results show that 86.9% of the people surveyed are willing to pay an amount for recreational use from the(MIP). The average willingness to pay visitors for the recreational value of this park is 8925 Rials per visit. The average willingness to pay each household with five people were, equivalent to 45,000 rials. The results show that the variables of: proposed income entrance, monthly income of people, the number of visits to the park per year, the number of hours per visit, the level of satisfaction with the environment and facilities of the (MIP), the security of the park are significant and the likelihood of a willingness to pay for recreational use (MIP)are effective. Age, gender, marital status, education level, number of households, household head, health, access to drinking water, satisfaction rate of children's play equipment is not meaningful, but despite the meaning of the signs Expected.

Considering high population and hot and arid climate in most cities in Iran، creating optimum thermal comfort during the hot periods is necessary. An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of percentage vegetation and hard surfaces on changes of temperature، humidity and thermal comfort of in three urban sites and Mashhad weather station was investigated. Climate and recorded data from weather station and Danesh crossroad، Moghadam-Tabarsi intersection and Mellat Park that were different in terms of percentage vegetation and hard surfaces were compared with each other. Thermal comfort indices and the ranges of them in hottest period of 2011 were calculated by categorizing age and gender differences. The results of statistical analysis and RayMan model outputs showed that temperature and humidity of Danesh crossroad and Moghadam-Tabarsi intersection in comparison with those of weather station in particular Mellat Park were significantly higher and lower، respectively. Thermal comfort indices showed that as time passes in this period، the potential of the days create little heat stress، strong and very strong heat stresses in urban dwellers respectively and Mellat Park and weather station site were more appropriate than Danesh crossroad and Moghadam-Tabarsi intersection in terms of thermal comfort for people.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thesatisfaction level of women from women’s parks compared with motley Parks. Case study was conducted on Mellat and Hejab Park in Mashhad. Methodology ofResearch is descriptive - analytical. Methods for gathering data was based on literature review and questionnaire survey. Statistical society of research is women over 15 years of age that commute in urban parks and Sample size is 288 people. The findings of research indicated that the role of urban parks - as one of the most important urban spaces - isn’t just its ecological function. Investigations of this study show that functions of relief and soothing, cultural - educational function, psychological function and social and recreational functions were important functions that most citizens expected. Further analysis showed that women's satisfaction from Hejab Park has been little more than park of Mellat, but there are no significant difference of scores between the two parks. The Analysis role of socio-economic variables on satisfaction of urban parks shows no significant differences between different age groups. Role of education shows that women with more education were more satisfied with motley Park. Findings of research about role of engagement on women's satisfaction indicated that Satisfaction of working women, students and retired ladies in women’'s park is below average, which represented their disapproval of the women's park, while their satisfaction from motley Park (Mellat) is higher than the median.

because of having many attractions, Mellat park in holly Mashhad is a major tourist site; therefore, the study of its recreational value could be effective to Estimate the deficiencies, needs and tourism development in this park. The study was carried out to determine the leisure value of Mellat Park in holy Mashhad, and to estimate the amount of visitors willing to pay the park using contingent valuation method and the and dichotomous choice questionnaire. Target population of this study is the visitors of Mellat Park. The sample size is about 222 people that were selected by available sampling method. To investigate the effect of explanatory variables on visitors willing to pay, Logit model was used and based on the maximum reliability method, the parameters of the model was estimated. The results showed that 74.78% of those surveyed were willing to pay for recreational use of the park are people willing to pay an average visitors to the amusement park, 9849.48 rials have been obtained for each visit. The annual recreational value of it, is estimated about 2.46237 × 1010 IRR. The variables of proposed rate payment and any transportation costs, have negative effect and the variables of park quality, marital status, duration of study per week, environmental orientation and gender, have a positive effect on the willingness to pay. The results indicate that people are aware about the importance of urban parks and have a willingness to pay a substantial charge in the planning and management of the park that can be helped.

Among senses that humans interact with their surrounding is the sense of sight that has the greatest role in enjoying natural environment. The natural environment has a condition that gives calm to the eye of each viewer. For satisfaction of citizens, it is necessary that urban managers consider visual elements in the design of parks. Zahedan as an emerging metropolitan in the South East area, has numerous parks, Mellat Park of Zahedan that is situated on the road of Zahedan to Khash can have a function in the region. However, this park suffered from serious damage in the terms of aesthetic. This study for determining these damages examined two hypotheses: 1. visitors of Zahedan Mellat Park regarding public preferences, preferred area of designed spaces to other areas. 2. Different age groups in the Mellat Park have different evaluations for visual landscape.
This paper is based on public preferences using a classification model quality (Q-Sort) visual assessment of the present situation in the parks based on the tastes of the citizens. According to this model, with regard to the types of landscape existing park space is divided into different area: 1- Area of designed spaces, 2- Area of games and 3- Area of with natural covering. The 495 photos were taken at two different times of the area and with regard to the objectives of the study and a total of 24 images for each area were elected. The images, according to the preferences, were ranked in five categories (very nice picture, nice, ordinary, ugly and too ugly).
The results show preferences respectively from the most to the least important priorities: area designed spaces 40%, natural area cover 38% and of the area games 22% with the preferences of visitors.

One of the most important concerns of modern human is presence in public spaces such as parks and increase happiness in life. Perhaps the most important problem to realize such a thematic is discuss crime that threatens the future of a park. In the definition of the crime Explained :an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law (Britannica) and park is an area of land, usually in a largely natural state, for the enjoyment of the public, having facilities for rest and recreation, often owned, set apart, and managed by a city, state, or nation or an enclosed area or a stadium used for sports(dictionary.com ). Also A public space is a social space such as a town square that is generally open and accessible. Public space has also become something of a touchstone for critical theory in relation to philosophy, (urban) geography, visual art, cultural studies, social studies and urban design. The term 'public space' is also often misconstrued to mean other things such as 'gathering place', which is an element of the larger concept of social space(Sensagent)..Therefore The most important goal of urban planner Should be recognize these parks as places of recreation and leisure in summer. In this article we will to identify and classify the nature of crime in the khoy city. Khoy city is located in a vast plain surrounded by mountains.It is the first city in Qarbi Azarbaijan Province in extent and the second largest city in terms of population.It has nearly 22 parks and gardens that require to study and measuring crime in this parks. The names of these parks Include: Mellat , Laleh, Golestan,Touba (Baharan), Sheikh navaei, Shahre Shadi, 22 Bahman and Niloufar. Ranking crime in city parks was undertaken by a factor of three models feature coefficient, Standardization of data and the AHP method. The research method was descriptive – analytical and has been used for collecting data from documents, interview , direct observation and correlation. At first, according to legal books, done in a simple and clear classification of crimes based on the Criterion and sub Criterion and determined the precise location of each park, along with surrounding neighborhoods. After identifying the main 8 parks city, Crimes classified was examined to frequency and percentage and then Specified ranking selected parks. In The next stage, done model of feature coefficient, Standardization of data and the AHP method. In the this study,done a new way, terms of the number,most important crimes within 8 parks city Has been identified and afterward specified the coefficients and points this parks. These were selected based on most attracting population and traffic volume. Of total 75,000 statistical population that was achieved the estimated population through direct observation in the parks and to Cochrane Methodology, were published 382 form of the scoring table and was asked of respondents until submit score of 1 to 5. Number 1 is superficial crime and number 5 is serious crime. Points was calculated of sum of the coefficients of 1 to 5 to number of respondents and Was determined Percentage to total crime in a park. The results showed that murder with 1910, kidnapping baby with 1786 is maximum and harassing to women with 765 and vandalism with 708 is minimum score. After this was done, model of feature coefficient was performed based on Criterion and Standardization of data based on sub Criterion. Respectively, Touba (Baharan) park with 42/2 ,Shahre Shadi with 36/1 and Laleh with 26/63 gained highest score . At the end for the calculate AHP based on Expert Choice Software was conducted pairwise comparison in the all criterion and sub- criterion and results was adjusted similar classified table. Also It should be noted respectively, Touba (Baharan) park with 0/184 ,Shahre Shadi with 0/156 and Laleh with 0/144 gained highest score. Thus, ranking all crimes were classified based on the frequency and severity and also based on of three models feature coefficient, standardization of data and the AHP. The result of all the studies showed, Touba (Baharan) park based on all crimes is the first place and Mellat park in the final place. Since the Mellat park is the newest park, except crimes against property, In all crimies is on low rank. In the total, Mellat park is secure in terms of frequency and severity of crime. The main reasons for good condition in this park include: Continuous monitoring by police (Nirouye Entezami), having numerous guards and trained and public participation on the healthy keep the park. It is important that Shahre Shadi park on such circumstances has been several years ago but now the, is the second park in the crime.Therefore, the most important guidelines and recommendations is revival of values in Shahre Shadi park and seriousness of on keeping the Mellat park until be avoided become a backyard. Shahre Shadi and Laleh parks are on the bad condition. Addicts and general crimes are high , alarming and worrying.in the Laleh park Has increased harassing to women. Touba (Baharan) park is one of the most important places for drugs crimes at the midday and afternoon hours . The most important reasons include: inadequate lighting , low patrolling and without program by police .W.C is Very dirty and places for addicts also constructing library (Besat) been un able to reduce crimes. Also on the classification of crimes, buy and sell drugs in Touba (Baharan) park and Shahre Shadi have highest frequency but low severity than murder and kidnapping baby.
Finally, essential key for the survival of all parks is public participation on the education and making healthy parks.

A dedicated area for parks and recreation and preservation of the increased economic costs to the appropriate agencies, Unfortunately, since the environmental services these ecosystems despite their undeniable importance, cannot be absorbed fully in the commercial market, or to respond appropriately in terms of numbers, in comparison with other financial services and capital is not understood, officials and authorities to manage urban problems such as lack of comparison between the proposed expenditures for parks and recreational significance for the citizens. Environmental economists believe the economic valuation - fun for services and non-market benefits of parks and green spaces, is essential that the long-term neglect caused irreversible damage to natural resources and sustainable development will affect generations. They also believe that estimating the value of recreational activities in parks improve environmental policies, which results in enhancing human welfare, through which we can effectively and to achieve sustainable development indicators. Therefore, quantifying and determining the monetary value of parks and green spaces can play a double role in the integrated management of human and natural systems. The necessity of attention to the parks in Mashhad which covers over 800 hectares because of some condition of population and tourism of this city caused a grate important and it caused that internment and their different environmental and economical services provided a picturesque view of city. As the important section of recognizing beneficial casting management of city’s park, and responding to those questions like? It call attention of programmer and accountable of cities management. According to casting Valve project, the economical entertainment activity in big parks in Mashhad which is effective in weather of cities and other condition rather than smaller parks, is more beneficial on the other word, in this article we tried to discuss about the value of entertainment of parks from viewer point of viewers point of view by using a twofold - double questionnaire and their interest to pay in (WTP) way and (CV). According the goals of this project of these two ways of application and study case is its way of analyzing. First, in this project with study the background of this project, we figure out how to achieve our goal. Then we marked the biggest parts of Mashhad. Second, we marked the quantity of this project, with using double questioner and sample method we start studying about parks and then by using SPSS software, at first, we discuss about the viewer character. Then by using of valuation and variable model of people’s interest to pay was calculated. In the end, with calculating and quality of people’s interest to pay, the values of parkers were studied.In this study, using SPSS software characteristics of respondents and the amount of visitors willing to pay the proposed sums were investigated. The direction of the effect of variables on the recreational value of the large parks in Mashhad using logit models are reviewed and the final estimate of the recreational value of each of the parks.According to the result, this project, the mean payment of Koohsangi Park is (7815.5) Rials and for each annual visit of Koohsangi Park is (110160123.791) Rials.and peoples interest to pay for Mellat park (10000) Rials according each visit. And value of entertainment of Mellat park is (243085755.813) Rials and also the mean value of entertainment of each hectare in Mellat park for each family is (579600) Rials. Also among 136 of 170 respondents how are asked in koohsangi park 80 Percent of them were ready to pay by cash to use this parks facility and in contrast 34 respondents (20 Percent) of people weren’t eager to pay. Also among 155 of 169 respondents who are asked in Mellat Park, 91.7 Percent of people were ready to pay to cash and 3.8 percent of people weren’t eager to pay for parks facility. For increase of recreational value of park, we are studied and other parks which are recommended:- An Efforts of improve the quality of urban parks in Mashhad can be caused of increase of viewer and their interest of paying for facilities. In this case, the policies of expanding diversion and park and with keeping standard of environment and creating some jobs to return weather of leaded people would be a remarkable achievement. Even the result of this project shows that the quantity of people’s interest to pay for Mellat and Koohsangi parks can be caused to decide for investment of capitalist. - For improving culture among people save our natural mineral and environment, it’s better to have advertisement from organization which is related to this case and also, it’s recommended that, the management of parks should be studied and all action take place in same special monthes of year that we have fewer visitors of parks. - Hooding festivals culture activities, plus having more facility that can be suitable for their relaxation and entertainment can increase value of study about park.Should be noted that estimates of the recreational value of parks, recreational areas studied as many functions without assessing their quality, particularly in the environmental values. Values of these areas, such as oxygen production, plant growth, their role in reducing emissions, increasing their efficiency in terms of quantity and quality of groundwater resources, Ahmythay aesthetic and other factors should also be considered as a collection of entertainment value to be calculated. Parks and recreation values calculated for these values represent only their consumption. Therefore, a lower bound for the total economic value is considered.

One of the most influential trends in the production of contemporary public spaces is the growing tendency to control and monitor of these spaces. This research was conducted in two parts with the aim of "evaluating the control of public space and its methods in the parks of Tehran" and "reviewing the views of users of these parks about the control of public space". The study area includes the "Mellat", "Laleh", "Razi" and "Shahr" parks in Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytic and data was collected based on field observation and questioning of 100 users of each park. Based on the results, the Mellat and Laleh Park have a low degree of control, and the Shahr and Razi Park are highly controlled. Although Tehran's parks are often controlled by hard methods, but users of these parks frequently want to space be controlled by soft methods. Also women are more likely to agree with soft controls than men. In terms of exacerbating control over space, Razi Park users, unlike three other parks, demanded more control over space, due to the low security of the area where the park is located in. Finally, users of all four parks, with a high degree of agreement, wanted preventing the entry of marginal groups such as beggars, child labor and homeless people into the parks. The results of this study highlight the need to address the demands and interests of individuals and groups as part of the space stakeholder in the public space management process.

"Let us think globally, but act locally." From various approaches to Tourism industry,Eco-Tourism or Natural Tourism will be highly welcomed in the third millennium. Thisbranch of Tourism is the focus of attention due to the Naturalists'' encouraging the wholeworld to protect the natural environment and due to the augmentation of economical welfareof local communities. In the meanwhile, The proper identification of economical,environmental and cultural potentialities of Eco-Tourist areas for a balanced and properexploitation is of a vital and indispensable necessity. Accordingly, this paper intends to putforth the issue of "urban Eco-Tourism" and to identify the spatial inadequacy and inequality,which exists in Eco-Tourist areas of Esfahan, and also, with regard to the citizens''viewpoints, it is going to deal with the sustainability of Esfahan Eco-Tourism through a"descriptive-analytic" method and quantitative models. The findings reveal that from 21studied Eco-Tourist areas, from the viewpoint of the citizens, 4 areas are sustainable (KoohSoffeh, Abshar Park, Isargaran Park and Syose Pol), 6 areas are semi-sustainable (Pol-eKhajoo, Ghadir Park, Nazhvan forest Park, the lake of Pole-e Shahrestan, Pol-e Marnan andHasht Behesht Park), and 11 areas are unsustainable (Moshtagh Park, Golestan Park, thepublic area of Ghadir Garden, Ghooshkhane Garden Park, Ayineh Khaneh Park,Ghalamestan Park, Boustan-e Mellat, Boustan-e Saadi, Laleh Park, Gole Mohammadi Parkand Malek Shahr Mellat Park).

Introduction These days, more than half of our planet's population lives in cities. Since the last century, the urbanization has grown rapidly, with an annual growth rate of 3.5% (Pacion, 2009). The predictions show a 60% increase by 2030 (Khan, 2007: 2). This rapid growth, however, has encountered many cities with problems in recent decades and stoked urgency for improving the environment quality in different dimensions. Public spaces which are providing services, welfare and recreational facilities have a significant effect on environment quality and the promotion of urban sustainability level. One of the main sections of these public spaces is parks. They are one of the key elements of sustainable urban development, which is also called natural tranquil atmosphere. These spaces play an important role in reducing the stress of citizens, improving their mental health and providing a favorable environment for breathing (Balram, 2005: 148). The safety quality of parks is very important because of its significant impact on different dimensions of living quality and social sustainability. In fact, these provide spaces for sports and recreation activities for children and adults. Therefore, upgrading their security is really crucial. Some criteria which determine the safety level of urban parks are the safety of sports facilities and floor surfaces and the status of lighting system, emergency facilities, security and space visibility. All these criteria have their own different sub-criterion.  Methodology The research method used here is descriptive-analytical one. All samples on district and zonal functions of parks are gathered from 7 parks with a total area of ​​more than 2 hectares spread across Rasht city (see Fig. 1). This study considers 9 criteria and 30 sub-criteria based on the results of theoretical studies and those used in other studies, which show explicitly the safety state of the parks. All criteria and sub-criteria are arranged based on the Likert spectrum questionnaire as well as face-to-face interviews. The data are analyzed by statistical analysis of mean, variance and mean difference (T-test) using SPSS software. Fig1: The location of parks in Rasht city Results and Discussion The analysis of results indicates that the City Park in Rasht, with an average desirability equal to 3.90, is the best one whereas some such as Mellat, Sabzeh Meidan and Tohid with the average desirability equal to 2.90 are the worst with regard to the safety quality criteria. The comparative studies of parks with playing spaces for children and sport spaces for adults indicate that the City Park and Sabzeh Meidan parks are the highest desirable and the lowest desirable ones, respectively. The results also show that Daneshjoo and Shahr Parks with averages of 4.2 and 1 have the highest and the lowest desirability considering the safety criteria for children. Regarding the safety state of facilities, the value of desirability for Sabzeh Meidan and City Park and for Mellat and Keshavarz parks are obtained 4.25 and 3, respectively. The safety state of playing facilities in Daneshjoo and Sabzeh Meidan are obtained equal to 4.6 and 1, respectively. Considering the safety state of floor surfaces, Daneshjoo and Sabzeh Meidan parks and Keshavarz Park have the average desirability values equal to 5 and 2, respectively. Analyzing the status of lighting system showed that Giyah Shenasi Park has the highest quality value equal to 4 and Mellat Park with the value of 2.5 has the lowest quality value. Regarding emergency facilities, Sabzeh Meidan Park and Giyah Shenasi Park have the desirability values of 4.67 and 1.7, respectively. Giyah Shenasi and Mellat parks regarding the security level have the values of 4 and 1, respectively. Finally, the highest and lowest values of desirability for Tohid and Giyah Shenasi parks are obtained 5 and 2, respectively (see Table 1).         Table 1: Status of criteria studied in the parks criteria       Park The location of playing or sport spaces (Q1) The safety states of spaces (Q2) The safety state of park facilities (Q3) The safety state of playing or sport facilities (Q4) The safety state of floor surface (Q5) Lighting system status Q6 The status of emergency facilities Q7 The state of security (Q8) The status of space visibility Q9 Mean Daneshjoo 3.75 4.20 3.75 4.60 5.00 2.75 3.00 2.00 2.67 3.70 Sabzeh Meydan 1.00 1.00 4.25 1.00 5.00 3.75 4.67 1.00 3.33 2.90 Mellat 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 2.50 3.00 1.00 2.33 2.90 Keshavarz 3.50 3.80 3.00 3.60 2.00 2.75 3.33 1.67 3.67 3.00 Shahr 5.00 4.20 4.25 4.40 5.00 3.75 4.67 1.00 3.00 3.90 Tohid 2.00 2.00 3.50 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 2.90 Giyah Shenasi 4.25 3.6 4 4 3.5 4 1.7 4.1 2.00 3.32 Mean 3.21 3.26 3.68 3.23 3.93 3.21 3.33 1.96 3.14 3.23   T-test is applied to compare the means (averages) of different criteria. Considering 95% confidence interval, the results show that the obtained significance levels of all criteria except the security one (i.e. Q8) are higher than the test value which is equal to 3. Furthermore, the tendency towards relative desirability of safety is observed in the studied parks (see Table 2).         Table 2. Estimation of the difference in mean of criteria in the statistical T-test Criteria   Test value: 3 T   d   Significant   Average difference 95% confidence interval l u Q1 .418 6 .002 .2143 -.3056 .7341 Q2 .543 6 .002 .2571 -.2227 .7370 Q3 3.359 6 .015 .6786 .4738 .8833 Q4 .457 6 .000 .2286 -.2784 .7356 Q5 2.100 6 .021 .9286 .4804 1.3767 Q6 .941 6 .003 .2143 -.0165 .4451 Q7 .856 6 .000 .3386 -.0623 .7395 Q8 -2.294 6 .042 -1.0329 -1.4890 -.5767 Q9 .379 6 .000 .1429 -.2393 .5250   Conclusion The analysis of the park locations based on the mean of all safety criteria in the form of the acceptable standard level indicates that the absolute difference between the mean of each park and the acceptable standard level is insignificant (see Figure 2). Furthermore, the results of the locations of the parks show that the urban parks of Rasht have a value which is slightly higher than acceptable standard level regarding the safety criterion. This implies that the necessity of planning to increase the safety criteria values of parks is inevitable because the growth of urban dimensions and increased need to parking spaces, depreciation of parks equipment will decrease the present value of safety criteria.    Figure 2: Difference between the acceptable standard level and mean of each park based on the total criteria   According to the analysis, it can be concluded that: • Park spaces in Rasht city are different in terms of the quality of safety criteria and do not have the same level of safety.• The total mean difference of all criteria in the parks of Rasht based on the T-test is 3.23 which are near to acceptable standard value (i.e. 3). It indicates that considering a 95% confidence level, all parks have a minimum level of safety. • Although the safety quality of the park spaces in Rasht is close to the acceptable standard level, it is far from the desirable standard. • The state of security in all parks is unacceptable and it is below the standard level. • The mean value of all criteria in semi-central, and northern parks of the city (i.e. Mellat, Tohid, Keshavarz and Sabzeh Meidan parks) compared to southern parks is low (see Fig. 2). • The acceptable standard level of all criteria, mean value of criteria and difference between criteria show that the mean value of criteria in the parks are different. • Regarding the safety quality, the difference between urban parks of Rasht and the acceptable standard level which is equal to 4.4 indicates that the parks are not in a suitable condition. Therefore, based on the above points, the hypothesis that the safety quality level of urban parks is different and the level is close to the acceptable standard but far from the appropriate standard value.