The current research's main aim is to investigate globalization's impact on industrialization in Iran from 1979 to 2020 using vector autoregression model with time-varying parameters (TVP-VAR). The industrialization and economic globalization indexes have been used to achieve the research purpose. On the other hand, foreign direct investment, government size, and gross domestic product per capita have been used as control variables. This research illustrates that economic globalization has a very positive effect on industrialization in Iran. As a result, it is suggested to the policymakers to reduce international tensions between Iran and other countries to augment globalization, increase the import of new technologies and amplify industrialization. On the other hand, foreign direct investment has a very positive effect on industrialization in Iran. Moreover, GDP per capita has a positive but less intense effect on the industrialization index. Finally, the size of the government has a very negative impact on industrialization in Iran. As a result, policymakers are suggested to consider globalization as a critical and vital factor in increasing industrialization in Iran.

Despite the importance of interaction between industrialization and health, this subject has not been studied sufficiently in Iran. In this regard, the aim of this study is investigating the impact of industrialization on health in Iranian provinces during 2009-13. The used data has been collected from the Statistical Centre of Iran and the National Organization for Civil Registration. The introduced indices have been combined using Standardized Score method for measuring the degree of industrialization and the levels of health in intended provinces. The interaction between industrialization and health has been tested by econometric panel data method. The results of this paper show that the Iranian provinces are not homogenous from industrialization and health perspectives. In addition there is no significant change in heterogeneity of provinces in terms of industrialization and health during the period of study. Also, the results reveal a significant and negative relationship between industrialization and health in Iranian provinces. This means that the industrialization process has reduced the health of provinces in Iran. So, in terms of policy, in addition to advantages of industrialization, its problems and disadvantages also should be taken into account. In the other words, paying attention to the external diseconomies of industrialization is necessary for successful implementation of industrial policies.

This paper assesses the relationship among energy consumption، financial development، economic growth، industrialization and urbanization in Iran from 1970 to 2012. The autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to cointegration and Granger causality tests is employed for the analysis. The result confirms the existence of long-run relationship among energy consumption، economic growth، financial development، industrialization and urbanization in Iran. Long-run indirectional causalities are found between financial development and energy consumption، financial development and industrialization، and industrialization and energy consumption Also، short-run causality from financial development on energy consumption can be accepted. Hence، sound and developed financial system that can attract investors، boost the stock market and improve the efficiency of economic activities should be encouraged in the country. Nevertheless، promoting industrialization and urbanization can never be left out from the process of development. We add light to policy makers with the role of financial development، industrialization and urbanization in the process of economic development.

One of the main concerns of industrialization is the corresponding environmental effects. Industrialization has affected the entire environment with its severe downside problems. The formation of massive pollution made by industries are the result of the constant need and greed of the human being. These industries, including transportation and manufacturing, are exhausting the earth’s resources and are causing tremendous stress on the environment and the ecological system. Water, soil and air pollution, are defined as the negative results of industrial development and industrialization. Global warming and greenhouse effects are the result, which is a massive impact of industrialization on the environment. The degradation of the entire environment and ecological system, is inclined to become permanent and tends to cause several negative effects on the economy, by causing human losses, ill health of the employee’s at large costs to governments, manufacturing and society. Therefore, it is very important to find necessary solutions to control such effects to facilitate the conditions for achieving sustainable industrial growth. This requires to identify the exact effects of industrialization on environment and the factors and solution which can mitigate this kind of bad effects of industrialization. According to the literature, there are a wide variety of variables that can help policymakers to control the side effects of industrialization. Social capital is one of these factor. Social capital comprises relations of trust, reciprocity, common rules, norms and sanctions, and connectedness in institutions. Social capital is necessary for sustainable and equitable solutions to natural resource management. This paper is to investigate the contribution of social capital in moderating the environmental effects of industrialization.
Data for variables included in the estimated econometric models in this paper- including per capita carbon dioxide emission(as environment quality index), per capita income, per capita industrial value added (as industrialization index), energy use intensity, urban population, human capital and social capital - is gathered from Iran central bank data center during the period 1967-2015. Augmented dickey fuller test is used to investigate the stationary of variables included in the econometrics models of the study. In order to analysis the moderating role of social capital as well as human capital in the reaction of environment quality to industrialization in Iran, two steps were taken as follows: at the first step, the effect of industrialization on environment quality was estimated using Kalman filtering approach during the period 1967-2015. At the second step, the moderating role of social capital is tested using Johnson co integration approach. Sohwarz and Quinn criteria were used to determine the optimal lag numbers in vector autoregressive model. The number of co-integration vectors was determined using maximum eigenvalue and trace tests. Vector error correction model is used to test and analyze the partial short-run adjustments.
Discussion of Augmented dickey fuller test shows that the order of integration of all variables is one and so these variables are not stationary series at level. This results lead the research team to use co integration test to analysis the relationship between variables. Estimation of the environment quality function, by Kalman filter approach estimation, shows that per capita carbon dioxide emission (environment quality index) is positively influenced by first power of per capita income, per capita industrial value added(industrialization index), energy use intensity and urban population. This finding is in line with the theoretical expectation and many other empirical researches in this field. The coefficient of the first power of per capita income in estimated model is 0.1659 and indicates that if the first power of per capita income increase one unit, per capita carbon dioxide emission increase 0.1659 unit. The coefficient of the energy use intensity in estimated model is 0.0005 and indicates that if energy use intensity increase one unit, per capita carbon dioxide emission increase 0.0005 unit. The coefficient of the urban population in estimated model is 0.0027 and indicates that if urban population increase one unit, per capita carbon dioxide emission increase 0.0027 unit. The coefficient of per capita industrial value added(industrialization index) in estimated model is 0.8176 and indicates that if industrialization index increase one unit, per capita carbon dioxide emission increase 0.8176 unit. There is a positive and statistically significant relationship between per capita industrial value added and per capita carbon dioxide emission. Estimation of industrialization coefficient in environment quality function using Kalman filtering reveals that this coefficient has experienced an increasing trend during the period 1982 -2015. This finding shows that the degree of industrialization side effects on environmental quality has been intensified during the period. Co integration test based on eigenvalue and trace statistics in this paper confirm the presence of almost one co integration vectors between the model variables. According to the estimated coefficients of restricted vectors, there is a long term negative relationship between social capital and the coefficient of industrialization in environment quality function. The coefficient of social capital in restricted vector is estimated around -12.1956. This shows that, in long term, as social capital improve or increase around one unit, the coefficient of industrialization in environment quality function decrease and mitigate around 12.19 unit. According to the estimated vector error correction model, social capital and human capital does not significantly affect the degree of industrialization effects on environment quality.
Based on the negative and significant coefficient of social capital in environment quality function estimated in this paper, it is inferred that the fraying trend of social capital has intensified the negative environmental side effects of industrialization in Iran during last decades. At the same time, improving the people’s awareness of environmental supportive activities, has mitigated the harmful effects of industrialization. According to the findings, related organizations and institutions like industrial organization, environmental organization, and other cultural institution are strongly recommended to have a close cooperation in order to design and implement the comprehensive and integrated program to manage the environmental side effects of industrialization process in Iran. Top – down approaches and policies are not enough to ensure the applicability of measures in field of environmental protection. People participation in environmental activities is the main precondition to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of environmental side effects management in industrial projects and activities. This requires the proper level and structure of trust, networking and social capital in the society.

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of the economic sanctions shock on the industrial competitiveness index with emphasis on the industrialization intensity and the quality of exports with the structural auto-regression approach in the period of 1990-2020. The results indicate that the shock caused by the import goods price index had effects with negative and positive fluctuations on the industrialization intensity, and on the export quality had a negative effect at the beginning of the period and a positive effect at the end of the period. On the other hand, the shock caused by the export goods price index on the industrialization intensity and the quality of exports has been accompanied by positive and negative fluctuations. The exchange relationship does not affect the industrialization intensity and has a positive effect on the export quality. The production and export of crude oil have had an effect on the industrialization intensity with positive, negative, and finally neutral fluctuations, and a positive effect on the quality of exports. The effect of foreign direct investment is positive on the industrialization intensity and negative on the quality of exports. The ratio of trade balance shock to GDP has had an effect on the industrialization intensity and the quality of exports with positive and negative fluctuations and in the end neutral. According to the above results, it can be argued that the effect of economic sanctions on the industrialization intensity index and the quality of exports depends to some extent on government policies, investments related to research and development, and the codification of an industrialization strategy.

Industrialized Building has been introduced as a method with better productivity, quality, and safety, and it is defined as a construction system where components are manufactured at factories on or off-site, transported, and then assembled into with minimum work in the study of the use of building industrialization, the question of this study is to apply product-oriented and process-oriented in the quality of building industrialization and interaction and the overlap between the two areas in the category of industrialization. Explaining the characteristics of these two aspects leads to various structures that include the main objectives of this study. With the help of productdriven and process-driven approaches, it can be achieved with varying qualities of building industrialization. In this regard, several experts' views have been reviewed studied, and a five-step quality is extracted. Finally, employing interface tools to two product-driven and process-oriented approaches, a good choice concerning the five-step quality has been made for designers in building industrialization.

The present article has been written with the aim of investigating the causes of high rates of social inequality in some provinces of Iran. To achieve this goal, the present study used Boolean algebra technique to provide an answer to the question of what combinations of socio-economic development indicators have led to the formation of high rates of social inequality in some provinces of Iran. In this regard, by reviewing the theoretical and empirical literature in the fields of sociology and economics and considering the close relationship between social inequality and socio-economic development, five causal factors were finally selected: GDP, industrialization, urbanization, literacy and life expectancy. The final results of the Boolean analysis indicate that four different combinations in the provinces of Iran have been employed as sufficient conditions for high inequality: A) a combination of low GDP plus low industrialization and low urbanization; B) High GDP plus low literacy and high industrialization and high urbanization; C) High literacy plus high industrialization and high urbanization and high life expectancy; and D) High GDP plus high literacy and low industrialization and high urbanization.

Export diversification means the increase of export items by a country, depending on the level of growth, industrial development and economic structure of that country, it can have positive or negative effects on energy intensity in that country. The aim of this study is to investigate the threshold effect of industrialization on the relationship between export diversity and energy intensity in Iran during the period from 1965 to 2022. For this purpose, a smooth transition regression model (STAR) is estimated with a threshold level, where the level of industrialization is chosen as the transition variable. The results show that the industrialization index variable can play an important role in changing the coefficients in the energy intensity pattern as a transmission variable. Thus, in the early stages of industrialization, the increase in export diversity led to a decrease in energy intensity, and after the economy passed a certain level of industrialization, with the increase in export diversity, due to the entry of industrial products with higher energy into the export basket, energy intensity has also gone up. It was also observed that urbanization has a negative and significant effect on energy intensity.

Regional growth inequality one of the important issues in Regional and urban economics, therefore this study by using regional data from Statistical Center of Iran over 2005 -2013 and theil's index of inequality measure inequality and examine the effect of industrialization on it by utilizing spatial econometric. Decomposition of theil index shows that neighborhood factors matter more than specific factors such as productivity differences, and also the result of spatial econometric shows that economic growth province is convergence but industrialization lead to divergence growth and spatial industrialization cause convergence between province . Therefore increase investment in poor area on basic of comparative advantage can lead to decrease inequality.

One of the factors affecting the industrialization of the economy is human capital. In many previous studies, education has been used as a traditional index of human capital, but in addition to education, human capital is also affected by other aspects such as skills and health. Given that industrialization is a dynamic process, the present study has investigated the effect of human capital on industrialization in Iran during 1981-2019 by using the Generalized Moment Method in the context of time series and also applying traditional and comprehensive indicators of human capital. In this regard, using fuzzy logic, the comprehensive index of human capital has been estimated by considering three aspects of education, skills and health. The results show the significant growth of human capital during the study period. The results of estimating the model using the traditional index of average years of education showed the insignificant and inconsistency of coefficients and the estimation results using the comprehensive index of human capital showed that the promotion of human capital level leads to increasing value added of industry as a percentage of GDP. Also, the effect of the first lag of industrialization, labor force participation, capital stock and technical progress has been evaluated positively and significantly.