Due to the location of Maymeh II in the basin of Maymeh Dam of Dehloran in Ilam province and in order to ensure the existence of ancient layers, it was surveyed and excavated. Documentation, study of establishment, chronology, cultural sequence and function of the site were important goals and questions of this research. Descriptive-analytical and descriptive research method, comparative study and analysis of finds with using field studies (Survey, Trenching and Excavation) and library studies are the methods of research. All finds were obtained from surface survey and no cultural deposits or architectural remains were found in the excavated trenches. Due to the lack of evidence related to the surface finds in the trenches, it seems that this area with an approximate measurement of 45 hectares is an open Paleolithic area. The other finds, including a number of pottery sherds and part of a clay sickle, indicate that the site has been used as a seasonal settlement by nomadic groups based in the area during various historical periods. There is a sortly comprehensive cultural sequence in Dehloran from Neolithic period until Islamic period which identified and introduced. But the knowledge about Paleolithic period is insufficient and sites such as Maymeh could be fill this gap with its artefacts. .

Inscriptions have always played the most important role inIslamic architecture, especially in tombs. Calligraphy gradually found a prominent place in Islamic architecture and art.In general, one of the ways to become more familiar withIslamic architecture courses, along with the use of decorative designs, is to pay attention to inscriptions, because inscriptions represent all the creations of Muslim artists in aparticular period. The spiritual spaces created by the inscriptions in religious places such as mosques, schools, shrines,monasteries, etc. lead man to illumination. The themes ofthe inscriptions in Islamic buildings are various, includingthe blessed names of God, verses, and chapters of the Quran,the name of the Prophet, imams, religious poems, the nameof the client, the name of the ruler, the scribe and the date ofmaking the inscriptions, and also Persian and Arabic poems.Wise words are the commandments and covenants of kingsand advice. The Seljuk era is one of the most important periods of Islamic aesthetics that has created many changes inIranian works of art, especially architectural decorations. Inthis era, due to the peace and political stability during theSeljuk dynasty, artists had more favorable conditions andwere able to create numerous works. Working on stone wasmore difficult than other elements, and on the other hand,high-quality stone was found in small quantities. Masonryand stone carving were abandoned after the Sassanid dynasty until a few centuries later. But during the tenth andeleventh centuries AD, artists turned their attention to this artagain. Consequently, stone altars and tombswere created, which in some cases are very similar to thealtars, in other words, the use of stone experienced a reemergence. Before the present study, the usage of poems ontombstones during the Seljuk period has not been observedor published. The purpose of this study is to introduce twoSeljuk tombstones that were discovered in Maymeh )Isfahan( and are now kept in the city museum. The secondpurpose is to discuss the artistic style and examine the similarities and differences with other Seljuk works, especiallytombstones, to comment on the identity of these works. Thequestions of the present study can be expressed as follows:How can the artistic style of these tombstones be explained?Also, considering the lack of direct reference, is it possibleto comment on the identity of the artist who made theseworks based on archaeological studies? According to thetombstone inscriptions of the Gordeh Museum, it should benoted that Arabic poems have also been used in the inscriptions of these two tombstones. The artistic style used in thesetwo tombstones is different from other known Seljuk tombstones, which is probably due to the difference in the placeof construction of these works. Also, because of the greatsimilarities between the tombstones of the Pollen Museumand the stone altar of Maymeh, it can be claimed that thebuilder of the former tombstones is the same as the one whobuilt the Maymeh altar.

Islamic Azad University of Maymeh, Young and Elite Research Club, Maymeh, Iran Moon is considered a natural calendar for human individuals. Proving the crescent sighting is among the issues that all human beings are somehow in need of. Similarly, the Islamic religious law has subjected some of the important devotional acts upon proving the crescent sighting. This very fundamental function of the moon in the matters pertaining to this world and the Hereafter, has given the issue of proving the crescent sighting a special status in Islamic thinking. The question that the present research would deal with is whether the Islamic judge has authority over proving the crescent sighting or not. In fact, do people have to refer to their supreme legal authority (marja‘ taqlīd) concerning the crescent sighting or is the sighting among the state’s duties? Jurists have expressed various views on this question: a group of renowned majority of the jurists have considered as valid the judgment of the Islamic judge, whether his judgment is documented by evident proof or by his own knowledge. Another group maintain the invalidity of the judgment of the Islamic judge and believe that his judgment is not valid whether it is documented by evident proof, by being much reported (tawātur), by having prevalence (shuyū‘), or by the judge’s own sighting and knowledge. Yet, another group maintain that if the judge’s judgment is documented by evident proof, his judgment is valid and if it is documented by his own knowledge and sighting, it is not valid. To provide an answer to the above question, the present article tries to critically review and evaluate the brought up opinions and evidences of each one of them and conclude that the judgment of the ruling jurisconsult on the proof of the crescent sighting is necessary for, and even obligatory upon all people and that all people, even the legal authorities should follow it, since authority evidences of the judgment of the Islamic judge would include them, too.

Water resources management in the Central Plateau of Iran and Zayandeh-Rud River basin, as the only permanent river of this plateau, has faced serious challenges which has challenged the lives and livelihoods of most residents and beneficiaries.The aim of this study was to identify and explain the causes of the crisis in the Water Policies of Zayandeh-Rud River Basin from the perspective of beneficiaries in the western townships of Isfahan province. The reseerch method of the styudy was qualitative type and by the Thematic analysis approach. In this study, data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and have been done with 51 beneficiaries in Falavarjan, Mobarakeh, Shahin Shahr and Maymeh, Khomeini Shahr, Lenjan, Chadegan, Fereydunshahr, Fereidan and Buin cities.In this study, first 195 causes announced by the participants were investigated and after removing similarities and repetitions, they were counted in the form of 76 basic concepts and analysed relying on the data encoding process in the Thematic analysis, in the open laying stage, were obtained 15 main concepts from these concepts. The findings of this study indicate that the concept (core) of the nucleus, which is the cause of the water crisis in these cities, has emerged under the influence of four categories of political, legal, climatic and ethnic-cultural causes.

 In recent decades, with a sharp increase in population, industrialization of societies, changes in lifestyle, and increasing diversity of human needs, the amount of waste production has increased with negative effects on human health and the environment. Rural areas have also faced different types of waste and their negative consequences in parallel with global developments and thus, "waste management" would be the true response to this situation. However, the specific characteristics of the local lifestyles and socioeconomic conditions of rural areas are different from other areas, i.e., villagers act differently from people living in non-rural areas. As such,  not only their wastes, but also their managements are different. Shahin Shahr and Meymeh counties have varied types of rural and urban agricultural wastes due to their industrial densities, rapid urbanization growth, and significant numbers of villagers and thus, the importance of waste management in preserving the environment, especially the rural environment, is quite clear. The present study aimed to answer the following questions: What are the effects of rural waste management on the environments of the studied areas? Is there a significant difference between the different dimensions affected? Are there any differences between the villages based on the indicators? 

This study evaluated the effects of waste management on the environment preservations of the rural areas of Shahin Shahr and Meymeh counties. According to the Extensive Statistical Society, 4 villages of Hassan Robat, Jahad Abad, Vandadeh, and Soh were selected based on the random cluster method in a way that one village from each rural district was determined and finally, 285 samples were chosen based on Cochran’s formula. This study was a descriptive analytical and applied research in terms of objective. The data were randomly obtained from the sample villages through a survey method by designing a researcher-made questionnaire. For data analysis, one-sample T-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey test were applied in SPSS software. 

To assess the normality of the data, one-sample T-test was used to evaluate the impacts of rural waste management on the environments of the rural areas. Based on this test, the value of 3 indicated an average effect. It was a two-tailed test with 281 degrees of freedom (d.f: (n-1)=282-1=281). The villagers’ points of view showed that the P value calculated for each of the environmental indicators was less than 0.05. Therefore, based on the mentioned values and considering the average and desirable limit of 3, the effectiveness of rural waste management in improving and promoting the indicators of water, soil, air, vegetation cover, animal diversity, and human and physical environments was higher than the average. Based on the analysis of the experts’ opinions and according to the Sig. (2-tailed) level, the calculated values were less than 0.05 and the high impacts of waste management in relation to the indicators of human and physical environments, vegetation, and animal diversity with the averages of 3.665, 3.445, 3.503, and 3.538 were accepted, respectively. Then, one-way ANOVA was applied to examine the differences in the dimensions of the environmental indicators. Based on the findings, the calculated Sig. (2-tailed) levels for some environmental indicators like climate were lower than the significance level of 0.05 compared to the other indicators. Therefore, the difference between the environmental indicators was confirmed. Also, to find out the difference between the rural areas studied in Shahin Shahr County, one-sample T-test and Tukey test were utilized to classify the villages in homogeneous groups. Considering the desired value of effectiveness (3) and based on the quantitative average values of the one-sample T-test, a significant difference could be observed between the studied villages compared to other villages. The environmental indicators of improving water, soil, and air qualities in Soh Village had lower values than the desired average value. Based on the average values obtained from the one-sample T-test, Hassan Robat and Jahad Abad villages had the highest average values regarding the effects of rural waste management on improving vegetation quality, as well as the animal, human, and physical environments. Conversely, the villages of Vandadeh and Soh had a lower average. Compared to other villages, the Soh Village with the average of 2.166 had the lowest quality of human environment. After determining the significant differences between the environmental indicators on the one hand and between the studied areas on the other hand, Tukey test was used to classify the studied villages in homogeneous groups. The findings indicated the impact of difference in location on the studied indicators. 

According to the results, the total average value of the indicators in the studied areas was higher than 3 with the values of 3.419, 3.414, 3.330, 3.538, 3.476, 3.425, and 3.400 for water, soil, air, human environment, physical environment, animal environment, and vegetation, respectively. Also, the results of one-sample T-test showed that from the experts and people’s viewpoints, waste management had a positive effect on the various environmental dimensions of the rural areas with a value of higher than average. The results of one-way ANOVA revealed the difference between the studied indicators and those of T- and Tukey tests displayed the difference between the rural areas (difference in location). Consequently, the Hassan Robat and Soh villages were found to have the best and worst conditions, especially in terms of soil, air, animal environment, and human life, respectively. 

• Cardiovascular disease is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world and it is expected to be the main cause of death by 2020. The aim of this study was providing geographical distribution map of the rate of death caused by cardiovascular diseases in the cities of Isfahan province, Iran, during 2005 to 2009.• The rate of all the deaths in Isfahan province within 2005 to 2009 was provided. The collected data was used to find out the rate of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases and preparing geographical distribution maps. Then, by putting down the death rates for different sexes (men and women), the geographical distribution map for deaths with regards to cardiovascular diseases was drawn.• Death rates due to cardiovascular problems were higher in main and central cities of the province. Death rate was higher in men than women.• The observed model main and central cities is probably due to unsuitable diet, lack of motion, using new technologies and environmental pollutions including existence of some elements due to environmental pollutants such as industries, transportations of vehicles and air pollution, which are more prevalent in the main cities of the province. Also, due to existence of medical university centers and more health facilities in the main cities of the province, such as Isfahan, Najafabad, Borkhar and Maymeh, the registration system for deaths and diagnosing the causes of deaths are more accurate than other cities and towns of the province. The difference between two sexes could be due to in heritage, male hormones, some social factors, increasing fat around abdomen in men, exciting or even offensive behaviors in men, ignoring weight increase in men as compared to women and smoking.

Organizing and redistributing public services at the level of rural settlements of Shahinshahr and Meimeh counties, in accordance with the norms and standards of rural public services and considering the criteria of sustainable development, especially achieving justice is an important place. The present study is applied. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population is all the villages of Shahinshahr and Mimeh and The sample size was the total number of inhabited villages in rural settlements of Shahinshahr and Mimeh counties. The collected data were analyzed using Guttman and SPSS and factor analysis model. The results showed that the spatial distribution system of public services in Shahin Shahr and Maymeh counties was disproportionate and it is not evenly distributed in the villages and in some villages there are not the least services. This is due to the fact that the villages of Seh and Morche Khort are in the best condition in terms of public services and the villages of Robat Aghakmal, Chaghad, Maravand and Bagh Miran are in the worst condition. In the Pearson test section, it is observed that there is a positive and significant relationship between different spatial-locational indicators with public services in the villages of Shahinshahr and Meimeh counties, only between population and distance to the city center. This indicates that each village with a larger population has more services, and villages that are less far from the city center have more services. Accordingly, in the T-test section, among the various indicators of public services, only the status of the communication and trade-service index is somewhat favorable, and the educational, cultural and religious, politicaladministrative and health-treatment indicators are disproportionate.

Nowadays, global climate change has been observed which had an impact on both surface and groundwater resources management. The main objective of this research is change detection of groundwater fluctuation caused by climate change in Borkhar Plain, Isfahan Province. In this way, both Mann-Kendal and Sen’s slope non-parametric analysis were used using 19 piezometric wells data for the period of 1991-2019. Pearson correlation matrix along with correlation between climatic elements including temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration (Thornwhite) with water table levels were determined. Based on this, a multivariate regression model was developed to model the annual time series at a confidence level of 0.95. Climatic factors of 2080-2099 period were simulated using the output of HadCM3 model through Lars-WG downscaling model for Maymeh Station under two scenarios A2 and A1B and based on the developed regression model, the water level of Borkhar Plain was simulated. The results showed that in the base period, the water table in the study area has been decreased with an annual slope of 47 cm per year. Correlation analysis showed that the three climatic elements of precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration in a linear composition modeled 0.75 of the annual groundwater changes in the plain. The results of the exponential microscale model implemented on HadCM3 data showed that in the period 2080-2099 under both scenarios, the groundwater level of the region will decrease between 15 to 17 meters compared to the base period.

Today, human activities, comings and goings and communications at the urban and rural levels have changed a lot and these changes have been regardless of environmental conditions and the desired human environment. The present research is based on applied development goal and in terms of descriptive-analytical methodology based on library studies and field studies. To study, model and present the optimal model for the development of rural roads network in Shahinshahr and Meimeh. To achieve the objectives of the research, 4 indicators: natural and ecological, socio-cultural, economic and physical-spatial were extracted and surveyed by 30 experts in the field of urban and rural studies and using Smart-Pls software to analyze the factors. Exploration was done. Then, in order to present the optimal model for the development of the rural road network, the colonial competition algorithm (MST minimum tree cover) in Matlab 2016 software environment has been used, and the Tracking Analyst Tools method in spatialization of the studied indicators in Network Analyst Tools is used in the ArcGIS software environment. The results show that among the studied indicators, the socio-cultural index has the highest coefficient and impact on the development of rural road network and then the economic index is effective as a stimulus and mediator in the second category. Also, the results of spatial analysis show that Among the studied villages, 66.6% are in an unsuitable and completely unsuitable situation in terms of the development of the road network.

Major development activities in a region usually take place on the basis of a regional land use plan. The dynamic interactions of socio-economic and environmental factors in both space and time aspects are main reasons for complexity of regional land use planning. The main goal of this research is to develop a new GIS-based model for the allocation of various land use types at the regional level. The model is based on the comparison of landsuitability (calculated in large scale) and land demand (evaluated in small scale). In different parts of the model, computational intelligece, multi-criteria decision making methods, regression analysis and GIS functions are used. Important driving factors in land suitability model are ecological capability, neighborhood effect, accessibility and zoning regulations. In this research, proper factor maps for these driving factors were generatedand integrated using multiplicative weighted average. To generate ecological capability maps, the Makhdoums ecological capability model, which is widely applied in Iran, was implemented using a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). The fuzzy maps of soil texture, soil depth, slope, climate, elevation, erosion and geology were considered as inputs to the FIS. Neighborhood effect maps were produced based on cellular automat concept. Theneighborhood effect for each cell was estimated based on the agglomerated spatial externalities of its neighboring cells, located in its influence region. The spatial externalities of land use types over distance were defined using land values, spatial metrics and expert knowledge. Accessibility was calculated using weighted average of theaccessibility to infrastructures and major activity centers. Accessibility to relevant infrastructures (road networks, electricity transmission lines, gas pipelines and water canals) was modeled on the basis of Euclidean distance.Accessibility to major activity centers (population and industry centers) was determined using the gravity model. To estimate the land demands in the years of 2016 and 2021, the land use changes occured during the past two decades were used, in a stocastic regression model. Beside land suitability and land demand, land use conversionrules and policies are also needed to be considered in land use allocation process. Finally, in an inventive procedure, the demanded land use types were allocated, shut that the arrangement of land use types in the entire area was optimised. The developed model was implemented using the data of Borkhar & Maymeh townships, inEsfahan province, Iran. Considering 2004 as the base year, the result of the model is the allocation of urban residential, rural residential, industry and agriculture land use types for the years of 2016 and 2021, based on both agglomerated policies, as well as non-agglomerated ones.The developed methodology can be used by plannersand decision makers when studying and proposing future land use plans. In this research, two conditions were assumed to limit the scope of the work. First, only the increases of land demands were modeled. Second, only the general land use types were considered. As the continuation of this research, both the decreases in the land demand and and the more detailed land use types can be considered.