Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that destroys the immune system of normal cells in the body, resulting in abnormal progressive neuronal function. Multiple wounds (called plaques) are described as plaques in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord of MS patients. The destruction of nerve cells in the brain can cause many symptoms in MS patients, including fatigue, blurred vision in the eye, numbness in some parts of the body, partial weakness, and loss of body coordination. Apart from being genetically susceptible to MS disease, the researchers believe that at least one or more environmental factors should occur for the emergence of MS disease. The prevalence of the disease varies in different parts of the world, and the incidence and prevalence are higher in some parts of Western Europe and North America than in other parts of the world. Regulatory T cells play an essential role in preventing autoimmune diseases. Therefore, when these cells' number or function increases or decreases, it can affect autoimmunity, as these cells’ defects have been reported in many autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the use of biological systems for understanding neurological disorders is highly valued, considering time as a critical factor in developing the pathogenesis of these diseases. Research has shown that microRNAs play an essential role in multiple sclerosis because they are abundantly expressed in immune cells, which mediate MS disease. It is hoped that more extensive research will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying MS disease, providing strategies to improve or reduce the symptoms of the MS disease.

Numerous studies have assessed risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS), but regarded to paradoxical results & specific ethnical- cultural circumstances in Ahvaz, as a city in Iran, this case-control study was aimed to assess some factors related to lifestyle (consumption & exposure with cigarette smoking, duration & surface of sun light exposure, exposure to pets and farm animals) for MS. This case–control study, including 155 MS cases and 155 matched controls, was conducted in Ahvaz MS society. For data gathering, questionnaire made by researcher including demographics and disease characteristics, and some factors related to life style after approval of validating & reliability (cronbach alpha 0.9). Data analyzed with SPSS software version 19. consumption and exposure with cigarette smoking, surface of sun light exposure, & exposure with noose or indoor animal had no significant influence on afflicting to MS disease, but there was significant difference between two groups in duration of sun light exposure & afflicting to MS disease (p=0.04). This study showed that some environmental factors such as duration of sun light exposure can play role in afflicting to MS disease.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of central nervous system, which is approximately two to three times more common in women than men. It was suggested that sexual hormones affect MS disease. Over half of MS patients have cognitive deficits, including learning and memory dysfunction. Estrogen also influences most of the cerebral function including learning and memory. According to the involvement of estrogen on learning and memory process, the objective of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effect of estrogen during MS disease. 28 male rats after cannnulating into the CA1 area of hippocampus, randomly divided into four groups (n=7) including control group, sham group (sesame oil, 1 μl/rat), MS group (0.01% ethidium bromide, 3 μl/rat), MS + estradiol group (ethidium bromide + estradiol benzoate, 2 μg/1μl). MS model was induced by intra hippocampal injection of ethidium bromide and estradiol benzoate was injected as a pretreatment for five days. The Morris Water Maze test was used for studying spatial memory. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Ethidium bromide reduced the spatial memory (P<0.05). Pretreatment of estradiol benzoate (2 μg/1μl) significantly improved spatial memory during MS disease (P<0.05). It seems that estradiol benzoate improves the reduced spatial memory during MS disease due to its neuroprotective effects.

As therapeutic options develop for the tre-atment of multiple sclerosis (MS)، there is an increasing necessity to find biomarkers with high sensitivity and being useful to detect the activity and disease course. Such biomarkers with high selectivity and accuracy can be used to evaluate therap-eutic responsiveness، early diagnosis، and early treatment and to show the stage of the disease. For instance، presence of oligocl-onal bands within CSF of MS-CIS، anti-aquaporin 4 for differentiation of MS disease from Neuromyelitis Optica، prese-nce of neutralizing antibodies against inter-feron-beta in serum samples of MS patients to assess responders vs. nonresponders، are the benefits of biomarkers in disease study. Despite the above advantages، there is no given biomarker to definitely diagnosis the MS disease. The emergence of advanced molecular techniques opened a new horizon to find more sensitive and selective biom-arkers to diagnosis the disease at early stages

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although, the contribution of various cells such as B cells, CD8 T cells, microglia/macrophages, dendritic cells, asterocytes and mast cells in the pathogenesis of MS have been demonstrated, however, it seems that autoreactive myelin specific CD4 T cells play a central role in pathological events contributing in MS pathogenesis. The aim was to evaluate the recent findings regarding the properties of T lymphocyte subsets and their roles in pathogenesis of MS disease. Functionally, distinct effector T cells are induced from naïve T cells upon antigenic stimulation, including Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, Th9, and regulatory T (Treg) cells which are characterized based on their cytokine patterns. Of the activated T cells, Th1 cells secreting IFN-γ, Th17 cells producing IL-17, Th9 releasing IL-9, and Th22 secreting IL-22 play major roles in MS development, while Th2 cells producing IL-4, and Treg cells secreting IL-10 and TGF-β have been associated with a reduction of CNS inflammation and improvement of MS. The modulation of Th1, Th17, Th9 and Th22 cells activity and the promotion of Th2 and Treg cell-related responses can be more consider for immunological treatment of MS disease.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease, which is considered as a common autoimmune disorder in young adults. A growing number of evidences indicated that the impairment in non-neural tissues plays a significant role in pathology of MS disease. There are bidirectional relationship, metabolic activities and functional similarity between central nervous system (CNS) and kidneys which suggest that kidney tissue may exert remarkable effects on some aspects of MS disorder and CNS impairment in these patients compels the kidney to respond to central inflammation. Recently, it has been well documented that hormonal secretion possesses the important role on CNS abnormalities. In this regard, due to the functional similarity and significant hormonal and non-hormonal relationship between CNS and kidneys, we hypothesized that kidneys exert significant effect on initiation, progression or amelioration of MS disease which might be regarded as potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of MS patients in the future.

One of the today most common and incurable diseases that is associated with central neural system is ‘MS’ disease. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. In this disease become apparent a wide spectrum of symptoms such as lose muscles control and their coordination and vision derangement. The goal of this research is to consider to two problems: 1- Recognition of effective clinical symptoms on MS disease and 2- Considering levels of effectiveness of age, sex and education levels factors on MS disease and association between these factors according to verity of categories of this disease.
Data mining science in medicine is worthy of attention with main application in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis, respectively high volume of collected datum. The data that were used in this article are about patients of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province and collected by cure assistance. In this paper classification and association methods in software engineering field are used. Classification is a general process related to categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood. Association rules are created by analyzing data for frequent if/then patterns and using the criteria support and confidence to identify the most important relationships.
In consideration of first problem in this paper, concluded vision-clinical symptoms are the most effective symptoms and in consideration of second problem, concluded that from 584 records, women affected four times more than men. In other word 70% of MS patients with high graduate are in relapsing-remitting category and 62.5% of MS patients are 20-40 years old.
Some of symptoms are quite temporary and transitory and are ignored by people. Awareness of clinical-symptoms prevalence manner can be warning for people before starting critical cycle of illness. This would cause early diagnosis, effective therapy and even prevention of disease progress, respectively to MS chronicity.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurologic disorder in young and middle-aged individuals worldwide. This disorder can afflict any part of the Central Neural System (CNS), optic nerves, brainstem, cerebellum and the spinal cord. The present study was an attempt to investigate the interactive role of reinforcement sensitivity (BIS/BAS) and personality traits in predicting the severity of the MS disease.
The study was a correlational enquiry in which 162 patients with MS were selected by purposive sampling in Shiraz, Iran. The data were collected using NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Jackson-5 scale, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) questionnaires and were finally analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The SPSS software version 21 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for the statistical analysis.
The results showed that indicators of personality traits (F chanch = 10.562, p The results indicated that the interaction between personality traits and reinforcement sensitivity factors increases the risk of the growth of the MS disease.

Multiple sclerosis (MS (is one of the chronic autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system with unknown etiology. Nitric oxide (NO) as a free radical has contradictory effect on the central nervous system and on MS disease. Nitric oxide is one of the distractive factors of the immune system and is a factor in the destruction of myelin. On the other hand، there is an interaction between NO and memory. In this study، the effects of stimulation and suppression of the NO system have been investigated on the memory of MS. In this experimental 35 male rats were anesthetized and a cannula was placed in the hippocampus CA1 region، later were divided into five groups، including: control، sham، Ethidium Bromide (EB) (3 μL / rat)، L-Arginine (15/1 μg / rat and)، EB (3 μL / rat) + L-Arginine (15/1 μg / rat and). The Morris water maze was used for studying the spatial memory. Data analysis was performed by using one way ANOVA. Administration of EB as the inducer of MS disease caused the impairment of spatial memory، L-Arginine improved spatial learning and memory in healthy rats، L-Arginine improves spatial memory in rats with MS. In MS rats، L-Arginine improved the spatial memory. It seems that NO by activating intracellular secondary messenger pathways improves the declined spatial memory during MS disease.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative chronic inflammatory disease with neurological and cognitive manifestations which involves the central nervous system. The etiology of it is unknown, however, it appears several factors like genetic factors, environmental factors and their interactions play key roles in the development of MS. Many studies show that vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for MS disease. In the 21st century, about 1 billion people worldwide are vitamin D deficient. In this article, mechanisms which are associated with protective roles of vitamin D in MS based on epidemiological, immunological, experimental, molecular and clinical studies are discussed.