Ankle joint is known as one of the most vulnerable joints of the body. The aim of the present study was to compare the impacts and sustainabilities of NASM and combined excersices (neuromuscular and core stability) on the functional charactristics and balance of individuals with unilateral chronic ankle injury. A total of 36 male athlete students suffering from chronic ankle instability voluntarily participated in the present study and were randomly divided into three groups of 12: NASM excersices, combined training, and the control group. All the participants’ performance characteristics and dynamic balance were evaluated prior to, after, and four weeks after the exercises. To evaluate the functional characteristics, we used Side-to-Side Hop Test, Figure-eight Hop Test, Triple Hop Test, and questionnaires measuring the ability of the foot and ankle in sports and daily activities and to evaluate the dynamic balance, the balance test Y was used. Then, the NASM and combined groups performed the relevant exercises. The results showed that both NASM and compound exercises caused improvement in the dependent variables. Also, NASM exercises had lasting impacts four weeks after the exercise protocol in indicators of figure-eight hop test and the ability of ankle and foot test. Also, combination exercise had lasting effects observed in side-to-side hop test, figure-eight hop test, and the ability of ankle and foot scale. The results also showed that compound exercises, as compared with NASM exercises, were more effective as observed in the ability of the ankle and foot test. Doing eight weeks of combined training (neuromuscular and core stability) was observed to be significantly more effective, compared with NASM training, in the performance and postural control in patients with chronic ankle instability.

Muscle imbalance of the upper quadrant of the body is one of the problems in paraplegia spinal cord injury (SCI) patients using wheelchair. This increases the risk of developing deformities and exposes the person to upper cross syndrome (UCS). The use of NASM-based corrective exercises is one of the new ways of restoring muscle balance for preventing and correcting deformities. The aim of this study was investigating the effect of NASM-based training protocol on UCS in paraplegia SCI patients. 22 male paraplegic spinal cord injury patients with forward head, round shoulder, and kyphosis deformities were selected and divided into two groups of training(n:12, age:38.68±9.81) and control(n:10, age:40.40±7.33). Training group performed NASM-based exercises for 12 weeks. Goniometer, double square, and flexible ruler were used to measure forward head, round shoulder, and kyphosis, respectively. The statistical analysis of variance for repeated data at the significance level of (P <0.05) was used to analyze the data. Forward head, round shoulder, and kyphosis deformities had significant improvements in training group in comparison to control group from pre to post test(P <0.05). It is suggested that people with SCI who spend a lot of hours on the wheelchair should modify the position of the nose using the proposed NASM-based training exercises in this study on a regular basis in order to prevent muscle imbalance and developing the deformities in the upper quadrant of the body.

Increased forward head angle causes neck pain. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of traditional and National Academic of Sport Medicine (NASM) corrective exercises on the neck pain and forward head angle in college male students.
Twenty male with forward head were selected within male students, and randomly divided into 2 groups (n=10 rats per group): Both groups performed traditional and NASM corrective exercises. First group performed traditional exercises and the second group performed NASM corrective exercises for 8 weeks that related to the forward head practices. Angle of head pain and head pain were measured by pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and goniometer before and after the training period. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test in P The result of this study showed significant differences between pre and post-intervention conditions regarding the VAS, and head angle values in both groups (P NASM corrective exercises was more effective in improvement of the pain scale and head angle and it is recommended to the occupational therapist to the benefits of these exercises as a modern training methods in correction of the forward head angle.

The hyperlordosis is one of the most common disorders among girls and it has been cosidered to achieve an appropriate program to reduce the amount of deformity. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two kinds of traditional and NASM corrcetive exercises training protocols on the correction of hyperlordosis in female students. In this quasi-experimental study, four hundred students aged 18 to 22 years were randomly selected and screened. Fourty five students that had more than 30 degree lumbar lurdosis angle curve were recruited to be analyzed. Then they were randomly divided into three groups: the traditional exercises, the NASM exercises and control group. The Experimental groups attended in exercise session three times a week for 8-week. Each session last 60 minutes. Data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P<0.05). Significant interactions were observed within 3 groups and tests (F(2, 42) = 43.3, P<0.01). Contrasts revealed that ratings of lumbar lordisis decrease in NASM group (F(2, 42) = 95.2, P<0.0, ES=.9) and traditional group (F(2, 42) = 17.2, P<0.01, ES=.7) and were significantly higher than control group. It can be conclouded that the NASM corrcetive exercises training protocol was more effective in reducing lumbar lordosis and it is recommended to clinicians, coaches, athletic trainers and other health related specialists to put this protocol for correcting the lumbar hyperlordosis.

Considering the integrity of the skeletal-muscular-neurological system and chain reactions, the optimal neuromuscular efficiency to maintain dynamic stability is established by the proper combination of proper alignment (static/dynamic) and stability strength, any defect in the body, and the useful function can alter the lumbopelvic-hip complex. The mechanical and coupling force of all muscles causes changes in different parts or even the performance of special components, devices, and organs related to the movement system (1,2). The excessive increase of the lumbar arch called the back of the pelvis or lordosis following a change in the position of the pelvis will affect the balance of the human locomotor system and cause numerous disorders in the lumbopelvic-hip complex. The aim of this study was to the effect of corrective exercises of America’s National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) on the correction of lumbar lordosis and improving the balance in female karate athletes (3,4).

In this pre-test and post-test semi-experimental study, 40 female karate athletes of Isfahan (age: 18-25 years) participated. Inclusion criteria were consisted of: Female gender, aged between 18-25 years old, BMI between 18-25 kg/m2, affected by Hyperlordosis ≥58° (5), complete the consent form of the subjects for voluntary participation, have not participated in any rehabilitation program in the past six months, absence of pathological complications including a history of fractures, surgery, diseases, and joint disorders in the lumbar-pelvic-thigh area, no lower extremity abnormalities in different views and no mental illness, having at least five years of experience in training and competition In the provincial karate league. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. All participants signed an informed consent form before starting the study. Ethics approval was taken from the Ethics Committee of the Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran IR.UI.REC.1397.097, and was carried out according to the Helsinki Protocol. The intervention group received corrective exercises for eight weeks (3 sessions per week/ 45-60 minutes). All subjects were assessed at baseline, and after eight weeks, for lumbar curvature angle and static and dynamic balance performance by a flexible ruler (6,7), stork (8) and Y test (9), respectively. Qualified and trained examiner that assessed hyperlordosis, static, and dynamic balance was blind to the diagnosis and severity of hyperlordosis in a standing posture. Moreover, participants were examined in the habitual, relaxed posture that is usually adopted (10). Individuals were excluded from the study process if they participated in other physical activity and sports that may influence the study results, unwillingness to continue participating in the study, absence of more than three sessions in training, and non-participation in tests. The statistical analysis was performed with statistical software, namely SPSS version 16.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois). All parameter outcomes were evaluated for each participant, and the mean and standard deviation (Mean ± SD) were computed by descriptive statistics test in pre and post-session. The normality of the data and the homogeneity of the groupschr('39') variance were evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Leven tests, respectively. Also, data analysis was performed using repeated-measures analysis by SPSS software version 21. The significance level was established at p<0.05.

In the results of within and between group in lumbar lordosis angle, a significant difference was observed in the results of the experimental group (P <0.05). In addition, a significant difference was reported in static and dynamic balance test (p<0.05).

This study aimed to correct lumbar lordosis and improve the static and dynamic balance of female karate athletes with NASM exercises. The results showed a significant improvement in the effect of 8 weeks of NASM training on lumbar lordosis angle (from 63.20 to 43.70 degrees), static balance (from 18.60 to 38.90 second) and dynamic balance (from 1.04 to 1.26 Meter). Overactivity and stiffness of the Psoas muscle, which may be caused by repetitive movements in karate athletes, cause inhibition of the antagonistchr('39')s muscles, including the Glutes Maximus, as well as the stabilizer muscles of the pelvic girdle, including the Multifidus, Deep erector spine, Internal Oblique, and Transversus abdominis, thereby disrupting the extensor mechanism during functional patterns. Because in athletes, due to inhibition of the Glutes Maximus, the Latissimus dorsi muscle may be created as a compensatory mechanism to maintain the upright position of the torso and provide core stabilization and pelvis and throughout the motor chain, to be dominant (hyperactive) (1). The use of myofascial release techniques and static stretching leads to an inhibitory response in the muscle spindle and release the muscles tighten and shorten(1). On the other hand, despite the optimal length-tension relationships, subsequent use of corrective exercises for activation and integration exercises in underactive muscles, increases inter and intramuscular coordination, endurance in strength and optimal force couple relations, and can be desirable arthrokinematics (1,11). To improve the process of neuromuscular efficiency of the human movement system, which is one of the principles of NASM to create and use these techniques as a complete correctional planning system. Furthermore, optimal alignment and functioning of all components (and segments of each component) result in optimum length-tension relationships, force-couple relationships, precise arthrokinematics, and neuromuscular control (1,11,12). Therefore, NASM exercises used in the current study as an effective way to improve lumbar-pelvic-hip complex muscle function and therefore reducing the lumbar lordosis angle can improve the balance of subjects and be used by athletes.

Consequence of incorrect body posture are investigable in physical، psychical، economical، and social aspects. So the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8-week NASM’s corrective exercise continuum on correction of lumbar lordosis and some biomotor skills in female students with hyperlordosis. In this quasi-experimental study، 400 students of 18 to 22 years old were selected randomly and were screened by using flexible ruler، sit-up test (strength and endurance of abdominal muscle)، sit and reach test (flexibility)، Y balance test (dynamic balance) were measured. At the end، 30 students that had more than a 30 degree lumbar lordosis angle curve were selected. Then they were randomly divided into two groups: the NASM corrective exercises and control group. The Experimental groups attended for 8 weeks، 3 times a week and 60 minutes in each session. Collected data was analyzed statiscally by using t-test for independent and for matched data. Results showed significant difference in post-tests (P<0. 05). In comparison pre and posttest NASM group had significant decrease in lumbar lordosis (P<0. 05) and significant increase in strength and endurance of stomach muscles، back flexibility and balance (P<0. 05). It can be conclouded that the NASM corrcetive exercises training protocol was effective in reducing the lumbar lordosis and increasing strength and endurance of stomach muscles، back flexibility، and balance. It is recommended to clinicians، coaches، athletic trainers and other health related specialists to do this protocol for correcting the lumbar hyperlordosis and increasing biomotor skills.

Lordosis is a curvature in the posterior of vertebral column. Loss of normal lordotic alignment may induce pathologic changes in the spine from load bearing and accelerate degeneration of the functional motion units. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the corrective exercises of the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) and Pilates on the correction of lumbar lordosis among female high school students. In this experimental study, conducted in 2018, 45 female high school students suffering from lumbar lordosis were randomly selected from Golestan Province and divided into three groups of NASM corrective exercises, Pilates exercises and control. The two intervention groups received corrective exercises for eight weeks, the angle of lordosis was measured prior to and following the intervention, and the analysis of variance was used at a significant level of P<0.05. The results showed that both 8-week corrective NASM (P=0.03) and 8-week Pilates exercises (P=0.01) had a significant effect on the angle of lumbar lordosis. However, no significant differences were observed in the control group in this regard (P=0.7). Moreover, according to ANOVA test, there were no significant differences among the three groups regarding lordosis angle prior to the intervention (P=0.13 and F=2.14). Based on the results of the present study, the lumbar lordosis angle decreased in both NASM and Pilates exercises groups following the intervention, with NASM exercises resulting in more reduction in the lumbar curvature compared with Pilates exercises. Therefore, therapists and experts of corrective movements can make use of these exercises as novel approachesto correcting lordosis.

Genu varum is one of the most common deformities in adolescents, and it has always been considered to achieve an appropriate corrective program to reduce genu varum. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two kinds of common and the National Academy sports Medicine (NASM) corrective exercises on the correction of genu varum deformity in adolescent soccer players.
This is a qualitative-quantitative study with quasi experimental approach. In this study, data were collected using interviews and laboratory tests. A total of 42 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years with genu varum were selected using purposive sampling and randomly divided into 3 groups (14 in each group), including the group of corrective exercises of the NASM, the common Exercise group, and control group. Data were analyzed using the framework analysis method.
After data analysis, 2 main categories including attitudinal factors (pain and disability, nutrition, genetic, body mass index, and self-esteem) and motivational factors (daily activity, physical activity, apparent fitness, occupational continuity and social status, and muscle imbalance) were extracted. It was revealed that two methods of common corrective exercises and NASM corrective exercises were effective in correcting genu varum deformity, while the NASM corrective exercises was more effective in the correction of this deformity.
According to the results of the interview and laboratory tests confirming the effectiveness of these exercises on people with genu varum deformity, therapists, Correctional Physicians, and trainers are recommended to use the NASM protocol in order to correct genu varum deformity.

Genuvarum is a common complication among girls aged 12-16 years. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of NASM and Theraband correction exercises on balance and kinematic variables of the knee in girls aged 16-12 years suffering pain due to genuvarum.

The research sample includes 30 of these individuals who were randomly selected and then randomly divided into three groups of 10 controls (age: 14.20 ± 1.31 years, height: 1.59 ± 0.059). M, weight: 54.80 ± 7.61, BMI: 21.26 ± 2.19 kg / m2), Theraband group (age: 14.70 ± 0.94 years, height: 1.61 ± 0.06 M, weight: 54.40 ± 4.37 kg, BMI: 21.51 ± 1.23 kg / m2) and NASM group (age: 14.71 ± 1.16 years, height: 1.66 ± 0.053 M, weight: 56.70 ± 4.47 kg, BMI: 20.52 ± 0.87 kg / m2). In this study, a balance was assessed using the Walking on the balance wood test. Also, the distance between the inner condyle of the femur and the Q angle was measured using a caliper and a goniometer, respectively. After evaluating the variables, the subjects were divided into three groups of control and training, and each training group performed the training program for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The control group also performed their daily activities and physiotherapy at Arman Clinic during this period. In this study, the normality of the distributions was investigated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. To test the research hypotheses under normal conditions, ANCOVA analysis of covariance (between groups) and correlated T (within groups) were used. SPSS software version 26 was used in this study.

The results of this study showed that applying 8 weeks of NASM and Theraband training program in addition to increasing the balance was effective in improving the distance between the condylar and the Q angle (P = 0.001). In the field of comparison between the two training groups, except for the Q angle (P = 0.001), the balance variable and the distance between the condyles were not found (P ≥ 0.05).

In general, the results of the present study show the effect of both NASM and Theraband training programs on balance and improvement of knee kinematic variables; 1- The distance between the inner condyle of the femur, 2- Q angle has been effective. Based on this, it seems that the use of these two training programs in this community can lead to desirable results and shows the importance of using these exercises (especially NASM) in girls suffering genuvarum

Genu Valgum Leading to changes in the structure and function of the muscles around the knee, proprioception, neuromuscular function and control of lower limbs. the aims of this study were investigation of the current and NASM corrective exercise on dynamic Q angle and the positional sense of the knee joint in girl students with Genu Valgum.

Forty-five girl students with Genu Valgum with aged 12-16, were voluntarily included in the study and divided into two experimental groups (current and NASM), and one control group. The experimental groups received current and NASM corrective exercises for eight weeks. In the pre- and post-tests, the dynamic Q angle and the positional sense of the knee joint were examined. , paired t-test, ANOVA test were used to analyze the data. (p≤0.05)

The results of this study showed that current corrective exercises and NASM reduced the dynamic Q angle and there were no significant difference among the three groups in the post test. However, mean comparisons showed that the NASM group had more reduction compared to the current group. Also, both exercises had a significant effect on the positional sense and there was a significant difference among the three groups, which was only significant between NASM and control groups.

According to the results both types of exercise improved the dynamic Q angle and the positional sense, the effect of NASM corrective exercises was higher. Therefore, both exercises, especially NASM corrective exercises are recommended to improve the Genu Valgum.