Based on econometric studies conducted worldwide and in Iran, one of the methods by which the efficiency and effectiveness of an organization is evaluated, is by cost-control methods and economical analyses of therapeutic activities that must be carried out routinely and periodically. It seems that services offered in uni-speciality hospitals are cheaper than general hospitals. This study aims to propose a model by which the provided services can be expanded in a specific field of treatment. Also this study was conducted to analyse and compare the costs of asthma and COPD in two general and uni-speciality hospitals in order to determine the total services costs of these two diseases. This cross-sectional retrospective experimental study calculated hospital costs and analysed the data in forms and tables designed especially for this purpose.Also data in regard to capital, current and overhead costs were collected. After calculation, the mean of total costs in both diseases was assessed. In this study, econometric analyses of asthma and COPD demonstrated that the health services cost of asthma in a general hospital was 1.19 times greater than that of a uni-speciality hospital, while the services cost of COPD in a general hospital was 1.36 times that of uni-speciality hospital. The difference in costs includes duration of hospitalization, cost of paraclinical and diagnostic tests, counselling, medical equipments, and overhead costs. As it is observed all over the world, health care personnel pay less attention to the costs of medical equipment and are less aware of the economical aspect of health care services,. Without considering the costs, physicians are always after new equipment. Having knowledge about the costs is not only essential for hospital administrators but also for all medical personnel, since with more cost reduction, a greater number of people can enjoy medical services. (Tanaffos 2006; 5(3): 45-49)

Justice has gained much attention in social and human studies and has many consequences on employees and the organizations, especially on health system workers such as nurses who are among the key factors in health care systems.. The purpose of this study was to investigate perception of organizational justice among nurses in educational hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), and to compare the results of general and specialty hospitals.. In this research, 400 nurses at SUMS hospitals were selected by random sampling method. A 19-item questionnaire was applied to measure distributive, procedural and interactional justice. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation. Also, the t-test and one way ANOVA were used to measure the differences between different hospitals and wards.. Of 400 nurses, 66% perceived a high level of organizational justice. In this study the mean scores of total perceived organizational justice (P = 0.035), procedural justice (P = 0.031), and interactional justice (P = 0.046) in specialty hospitals were higher than general ones. Furthermore, the mean score of interactional justice was higher than the other components of organizational justice, respectively 3.58 ± 1.02 for general and 3.76 ± 0.86 for specialty hospitals. Significant differences were observed between overall perceived justice (P = 0.013) and its components (P = 0.024, P = 0.013, and P = 0.036) in different wards.. Most nurses who participated in this study had a high perception of organizational justice. The mean score of organizational justice was higher in specialty hospitals. Health care policy makers and hospital managers should support their employees, especially nurses through fairness in distributions, procedures, and interactions..

With the increasing role of the Internet as one of the most important sources of information on the one hand, and the enhancement of its usability on the other, it is necessary for web designers and developers to be familiar with the criteria that make a website usable. Therefore, this paper aimed to provide knowledge about the interactivity, changeability, and non-textual content of websites of Iranian hospital libraries. In an applied research, the interactivity and changeability of online libraries of Iranian general and specialty hospitals were evaluated. The tool for data collection was a 21-item researcher-made explanatory checklist based on the review of the available literature. The websites of 24 hospital libraries were evaluated by the checklist. In order to analyze research findings, descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics were used. All analyses were performed in SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Overall, 38% of both general and specialty hospitals were committed to interactivity and changeability criteria. Non-textual content criteria were met by 26% and 24% of the websites of libraries of general and specialty hospitals, respectively. Since only less than half of the required criteria were met, strategies need to be employed to improve the process of web designing.

Today, nursing is one of the most important and vital jobs in every society, because nursing has a direct and undeniable impact on the well-being and public health of the community. One of the challenges facing the healthcare system and managers is the alarming trend of nurses' turnover intention. One of the factors that can play in the nurses' intention to leave is the fitness of nurses and their work environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of person-organization fit on turnover intention, with the mediating role of person-group fit among nurses to public specialty hospitals in Mashhad. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and the data collection method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical analysis using SPSS 18 and AMOS Soft wares includes frequency and statistical charts, the inferential statistics, factor analysis and structural equations. The sample selected using stratified random sampling was 1467 nurses working in Mashhad public specialty hospitals. The size of sample using Cochran formula was 305 people. The questionnaire with the reliability coefficient using Cronbach's alpha of 0/89 distributed among nurses to collect data. The results showed that the effect of person-organization fit on person-group fit was positive and significant and the effect of person-organization fit and person-group fit on turnover intention nurses was negative and significant. The findings also showed that person-organization fit by person-group fit has a significant negative effect on the nurses' turnover intention in Mashhad public hospitals. According to the findings of this study, we conclude that employing and retaining nurses who are consistent with their beliefs, goals, and values, and are consistent with the healthcare system's vision, goals, principles, and values, reduce nurses' intention to voluntary leave and increase retention and  has resulted increase patient satisfaction and improve quality of health care delivery to people in public specialty hospitals in Mashhad and has a very important impact on promoting health and well-being in the whole community.

Since nurses spend most of their working time indoors, the quality of the hospital environment has a great impact on their performance and comfort. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of physical factors in the workplace and shift work on physiological parameters and blood factors in nurse staff of a specialty and sub-specialty hospital in Tehran. The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted on 300 nurses in a specialty and sub-specialty hospital in Tehran. In order to collect the data, a demographic questionnaire was used. The physical factors of the workplace were measured using the sound level meter, lux meter and WBGT meter. A digital blood pressure monitor and heart rate monitor were used to measure physiological parameters and Blood factors were collected from the results of medical records (blood CBC). Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS-20 software. The results showed that the level of sound in the workplace, as the most important physical factor, can increase the level of physiological factors, and the sound was the most effective factor in the investigation of combined effects. The results also showed that shift work has a great impact on physiological parameters. Blood factors and physiological parameters showed a significant difference between subjects with shift work and day work (P-value <0.05). Due to the importance of nurses' health as the main foundation of the health system, it is necessary to carry out intervention programs and more detailed studies and research on the combined effects of physical factors in the workplace by controlling lifestyle and genetics.

Outsourcing in healthcare is a cost-effective strategy that reduces costs and increases service quality. Managers must attempt to outsource healthcare services using scientific methods. This study is a strategic analysis of the outsourcing of health services in one specialty and subspecialty hospital in Tehran. This mixed method study (quantitative-qualitative) was performed in 2014 at one of the biggest specialty hospitals in Tehran. Data was collected through interviews, focus discussion groups (FDG), and the internal and external factors evaluation matrix. The study population comprised managers and directors of the hospital. Data was analyzed using Excel 2010 software and SWOT analysis. The final scores for internal and external factors were 2.16 and 2.68, respectively, indicating the hospital had a conservative strategic position for choosing outsourcing strategies. Since this hospital had a conservative strategic position in outsourcing, managers were able to change their outsourcing strategy while considering its advantages and disadvantages and determining the type of services to be outsourced.

Readiness to face changes and transformation in health fields is one of the main factors in health organizations’ success. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the relation between culture and readiness to accept transformation in single-specialty hospitals. Readiness to face changes and transformation in health fields is one of the main factors in health organizations’ success. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the relation between culture and readiness to accept transformation in single-specialty hospitals. Studied hospitals had low power distance، high uncertainty avoidance، feminist، collectivist and short-term orientation. There was a significant relation between readiness to accept transformation with factors such as: Power distance (P<0/05، r=-0/236)، uncertainty avoidance (P<0/05، r=0/143) and being feminist (P<0/05، r=-0/239). There was no significant relation between readiness to accept transformation with factors such as collectivist and short-term orientation (P>0/05). Low power distance، high uncertainty avoidance and being feminist are effective factors in accepting transformation among studied hospitals’ staffs. These staffs are culturally prepared to accept evolution plans.

Orthopedic Specialty hospitals (OSHs) provide a larger surgical volume, while improving operative time and length of stay of patients, compared with general hospitals. It has been shown that adverse outcomes are less common in OSHs rather than in general hospitals. The main tips for designing OSHs extracted from the eight selected GB`s guidelines include Indoor environment quality (IEQ) items, ergonomic designing, site selection and surrounding land, climate-responsive designing, access to public transportation, ease of access for patients with ambulation disabilities, well-designed and efficient layout, adjustable features, patient flow optimization, dedicated imaging and X-ray areas, well-designed examination rooms, rehabilitation spaces, supportive flooring, lighting, patient-friendly amenities, Infection control measures, uneven surfaces, elevators, casting rooms, operating rooms and telemedicine. By prioritizing site selection to energy efficiency, water conservation, indoor environmental quality and healing outdoor spaces, OSHs can minimize their ecological footprint, create healing environments, and promote the well-being of patients, staff, and visitors.

This study aimed to increase marital satisfaction of pregnant women on the basis of prenatal attachment training. An experimental method was used with pretest – posttest with two groups. 30 of pregnant women were visited at Sarem specialty hospital in Tehran and were qualified for the workshop registered to the project. Randomly, 15 people were selected for intervention group and 15 people for control group. Experimental group participated in 8 sessions of training and educating workshop. Six sessions of the mentioned workshop were dedicated to pregnant women and two sessions were held for their spouses. Present intervention included trainings in the fields of mental health, marital interactions and maternal fetal attachment. Marital satisfaction personality inventories were filled out before and after sessions by control and intervention group. Results of multivariate covariance analysis on intervention group scores showed that average of marital conflicts scores has decreased, meaning that trainings have been effective on increasing marital satisfaction of pregnant women. Since psychological workshop of attachment during pregnancy increases maternal satisfaction, it is recommended to be used as a common course in maternity hospitals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of individual-couples factors on the creation and continuation of work-family conflict in married nurses. The statistical population of this study was all married nurses with work-family conflict working at Trita Specialty Hospital in 1997, out of which 16 persons who scored higher on the clean line in Carlson questionnaire were available through convenience sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted and data were analyzed using a qualitative approach based on the data base method. The findings of this study on individual factors causing work-family conflict in married nurses were that decreasing levels of physical and psychological health, job responsibility, role expectation stress, and decreasing motivational resources that exacerbate conflict occurrence, and It reduces one's psychological and physical well-being. Also regarding parental factors, causing work-family conflict among married married nurses, the findings were that emotional exhaustion, interference with housework and the way nursing profession looked at work-family conflict interfered with work roles and reduced family roles.