مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و دوم شماره 5 (پیاپی 166، آذر و دی 1398)

Sleep disorder is a common problem in adult quality of life, especially in patients with hypertension, which affects their physical and mental health. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors related to sleep disorders in the quality of life of the sample.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study on the quality of life of people with essential hypertension. The statistical population of this study included all patients with hypertension residing in Mashhad in order to conduct a study on 125 patients with major hypertension referred to specialized clinics and physicians' offices specialized in this field by non-random sampling method. were chosen. Participants were assessed through a research instrument including the Petersburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) and the 36-item Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36), and then the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation. The following is SPSS software.

According to the findings of the study, it was found that high blood pressure in those affected in these physical, psychological and environmental domains generally decreases and decreases the quality of life. To women. Married people are also more likely to have sleep disorders due to their greater responsibility in life. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the economic status has a significant effect on the quality of sleep in people with hypertension, so that the higher the welfare index in their lives, the higher the quality of sleep. According to the findings of the study, socioeconomic status had a greater impact on sleep quality in hypertensive individuals.

Overall, the quality of sleep and hypertension are severely affected by lifestyle, and people with hypertension may have sleep disorders.

Sport tourism is one of the growing species of tourism in which competitions and sporting events attract a large number of tourists. In this regard, the present study presents strategies for sports tourism development in Khorasan Razavi province.

The research method is descriptive-analytic and library and field studies including direct and regular observation and questionnaire are used to collect information. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to obtain the reliability of the questionnaire. The obtained coefficient (0.81) indicates the desired reliability of the questionnaire. In order to assess the validity of the questionnaire, the appearance and content of the questionnaire was confirmed by 50 lecturers and students of sport management and tourism experts in formulating the questionnaire. The groups involved in this research are faculty members of universities, students and graduates of the Ph.D. in Sport & Tourism Management of Universities and senior officials in physical education. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and SWOT model

The results of the research and the model show that aerobics, such as caving, are among the sport tourism attractions of Khorasan Razavi province. Also, several factors affect the process of development of sport tourism in the province. In this study, these factors were assessed in terms of internal factors (weaknesses and strengths) and external factors (opportunities and threats). Accordingly, the most important strength and weakness of sport tourism development in Khorasan Razavi province is the low cost of attending sports events and the lack of use of existing experiences in the field of cross-development of sport and tourism, as well as the most important opportunity and threat in terms of the possible presence of tourists And foreign athletes and the low quality of the services of the tourism agencies

Finally, by combining internal and external factors on the Swat model, defensive strategies were identified as optimal strategies.

 The purpose of this study was to determine the cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy, drug therapy on perceived stress, interpersonal relationships skills.

 The statistical population consisted of all persons referring to Ebnsina Specialty Hospital in Tehran in the year 2018-2019. Forty-five patients were selected by simple random sampling and were replaced in 3 groups of 15 persons (two experimental and one control group). Participants were assessed with Cohen's Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983), Matson's Interpersonal Communication Skills (1983). Participants were then trained for five sessions, received drug therapy under the supervision of a drug specialist, and the control group received no training.

 Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that there were significant differences in the variable of interpersonal skills post-test hypnotherapy with a post-test control group and drug treatment group. In the perceived stress variable, the hypnotherapy treatment group had a significant difference with the control group and the drug treatment group. The post-test showed that the level of interpersonal skills in the hypnotherapy group was significantly higher than the control and drug treatment groups.

 Given the significant impact of cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy on perceived stress, interpersonal relationships skills in panic disorder are suggested to be used to improve the mental health of these patients.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays an important role in severe infections in burn patients. The sepsis caused by this bacterium is a serious complication of burn infection. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wounded patients admitted to burn ward in Zahedan.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 70 isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from burn wound samples from Zahedan. After biochemical tests and confirmation of the bacterial strain, antibiotic resistance was determined for nine antibiotics by disk diffusion method according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standard. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of imipenem, piperacillin tazobactam and ceftazidime was determined by E-test strips. 

In this study, out of 70 P. aeruginosa isolates, the highest resistance to Trimethoprim /Sulfamethoxazole (84.3%) and cefepime (70.8%) was observed. The lowest resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam (20.8%) and colistin (8.3%) was report. E-test results showed the highest sensitivity to piperacillin/tazobactam.

In this study, P. aeruginosa strains showed the least resistance to colistin and piperacillin/tazobactam. These antibiotics could be the main alternative for the treatment of pseudomonas infections caused by burns.

Abstract
Self-treatment is an important global problem. Adolescents are important groups vulnerable to self-treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and some factors related to self-treatment in adolescents living in Gorgan.
 This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was performed on 400 adolescents living in Gorgan. Data were collected through in-person interviews and checklists. SPSS software version 16 and Pearson chi-square test were used for data analysis.
Self-treatment was observed in 50% of adolescents. Most adolescents cited cold (58%) and headache (37%) as the most important causes of self-treatment. Anti-cold (58%) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (40%) were the most important drugs used in the study. In addition, most adolescents had self-medication due to minor illness (61%) and previous drug use (42%). City pharmacies were the most important source of supply (77%). Parents and relatives were also the most important source of information for self-treatment (57%). Finally, there was a significant relationship between self-treatment and gender (P = 0.03), household dimension (P <0.001) and monthly household income (P <0.001).
Self-medication was observed in 50% of adolescents in Gorgan, which was mainly due to the use of anti-cold and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Background Caring for a child with cancer is a stressfull experience for parents and can lead to parental burden . Identifying effective factors of caregivers’ burden and designing appropriate strategies to reduce it is necessary . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of group training on caregivers’ burden of children with cancer.MethodThis was a quasi-experimental study that was performed on thirty parents of children with cancer who were referred to the Sheikh pediatric hospital of Mashhad University. Caregivers' burden questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire was completed before and after group training.The data was compared by spss software.ResultsMean total score of caregivers’ burden was 44.1 ± 3.5 before and 39.4 ± 5.8 after intervention.Paired t-test showed a significant reduction in the total score of caregivers’ burden after intervention (4.7 ± 0.7) compared to before intervention(p = 0.001). 50% of caregivers had moderate and 50% had severe intensity of burden before intervention. After intervention, 16.7% of the caregivers had a high level of burden and 83.3% of them had moderate. The results indicated that 36.3% of caregivers had reduced burden scale.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, group training can reduce the caregivers’ burden scale of children with cancer.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 10 weeks ofhigh intensity intervaltraining and green tea consumption on liver enzymes and insulin resistance index in overweight women.

In this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, 30 overweight women (age range, 20-30 years), were chosen purposefully and randomly divided into three equal groups. The training groups performed intensive 90% heart rate training for 10 weeks. The supplement group consumed 1500 mg of green tea every day. The combined exercise and complementary group also performed both interventions.Blood samples were taken from subjects before and after intervention in fasting state. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19), two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at a significant level of p≤0.05.

After 10 weeks of exercise and consumption of green tea, ALT, AST, glucose, weight and fat percentage decreased significantly in all three groups (P≤0.05), while insulin levels (P = 0.01) and resistance Insulin (P = 0.01) decreased in both groups of green tea- HIIT and placebo-HIIT.The mean changes in ALT, AST, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, weight and fat percentage were significantly higher in the green tea group than in the other two groups (P≤0.05).

10 weeks of high intensity intervaltraining, taking green tea and combining these two together with reducing liver enzymes and insulin resistance markers can potentially reduce the risk of inflammation of the liver.

Because universities face a large number of volunteers, the competition for access to higher field in higher education is increasingly growing. Therefore, there is a need for effective research to identify the factors that influence the choice of the field of study and career future of volunteers. In this research, family, career and individual factors as predictors of satisfaction with the field of study and career future of medical students were investigated.

 Materials & Methods:

This study is descriptive of the kind of correlation. The Population included 340 students of Mashhad University of medical sciences, who were selected by a stratified sampling method. A satisfaction questionnaire on the field of study and career future of the University of Minnesota and the questionnaire of factors affecting the field of study and career future were used to collect information. The validity of the instruments was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and reliability of them by Cronbach's coefficient. For analyzing the research variables, AMOS and SPSS version 22 software's were used.

The results of multiple regression analyses showed that career and individual factors were the strongest positive and significant predictors of student satisfaction with the field of study and career future respectively, while the family factor did not play a significant role in student satisfaction with the field of study and career future.

Findings indicate that not only career factor, but individual factor are essential elements of satisfaction with the field of study and career future of the students' medical sciences.

Chronic physiological diseases affect cognitive and emotional processes. according to this, accordingly the main goal of this research is comparing the level of cognitive distortion and life quality in the people with chronic pain, people with non-chronic pain and the habitual people in Hamedan.

The research method is based on the causal-comparative method. The Statistical group of this research is the whole 210 people with chronic and non-chronic pains and adults (upto18) in Hamedan whom selected based on the random cluster sampling. The necessary data gathered from the field Study and also by using the clinical interviewing about the pain kind and question aires of Alice cognitive distortion and varosherbon’s questionnaire of life quality. The data analyzed based on some Statistical-descriptive indices Such as frequency, Percentage, Mean, graph, Standard deviation and deductive Statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, MANOVA and shefeh post hoc test.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups of patients with chronic pain, non-chronic pain and normal people in cognitive distortions and quality of life (p <0.001). In addition, the results indicated that the mean scores of cognitive distortions and quality of life were significantly different between the three groups of patients with chronic pain, non-chronic pain, and normal individuals. Thus, the group of patients with chronic pain had higher average cognitive distortions and lower quality of life than the two groups of patients with non-chronic pain and normal subjects. Also, the patients with chronic non-pain had significantly higher mean cognitive distortions and lower quality of life than the normal group.

According to the findings of the present study, appropriate psychological treatments should be used to reduce cognitive distortions and improve the quality of life of patients with pain in order to improve their therapeutic process.

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory neuromuscular disease in which the myelin sheaths of the neural cells are damaged in the brain and spinal cord. Aside from environmental factors, MS disease can be a result of genetic impairment. This study examined the frequency of p.H182fs mutation in the CD200R1 gene, which was observed in a MS affected identical twin by whole exome sequencing. For this purpose, 50 unrelated women with MS disease and 50 healthy women with negative history for neurodegenerative disorders in their families and relatives were selected to examine the frequency of the detected change. After extracting the genome and designing the primer, amplification of desired exon was performed by PCR resulting to a bp243 fragment containing the mutation p.H182fs. PCR product was sequenced by Sanger method, subsequently. The mutation was present in 32% of patients in homozygous or heterozygous mode. No healthy women showed the mentioned mutation. This implies the achievement of the CD200R1 gene as one of the candidates for MS pathogenesis, at least for a part of patients in province Khuzestan.

Abstract The sense of smell has an important impact on human life and in the prevention of accidents and safety. Odor disorder exposes the person to the risk of not detecting fire or gas leakage, eating spoiled or poisonous foods. The present study is a four-year analytical study of complaints of olfactory sensation referred to forensic medicine in Fars province. In this cross-sectional study, information of all cases in the archive whom had referred to forensic medicine in Fars province during 1396-1393, including age, commission date and date of commission renewal, gender, marital status, education, type of accident, diagnosis method, commission opinion and the type of certificate issued by a forensic examiner for other injuries was collected and analyzed. A total of 148 complainants, including 109 males (73.5%) and 39 females (26.5%) with mean age31/34±5/76 were studied. People aged 20 to 39 years were the most frequent group.Most of the complainantshad a decreased sense of smell because of accident with frequency of 91.9%, MRI was the most common method used to detect olfactory loss. Of the 148 cases, 124 (83.8%) were confirmed a decrease in the sense of smell. The average age of people with a lowered sense of smell is lower than global statistics. Accidents are the most common cause of olfactory decline, which is why it is important to carry out further studies on olfactory decline.

In recent years, many studies have been done to analyze brain diseases in order to identify brain diseases that have a significant role in creating diagnostic intelligent systems. among the different methods of machine learning, deep learning based methods in recent years have been a wide application of the development of intelligent systems, which resulted in the creation of powerful systems for diagnosis of disease.

In this study, the diagnosis of Alzheimer's patients with deep learning neural network is based on method of 3- D Residual  Block. the training and test procedure presented by ADNI data set  

The results showed that the output of this Method were conducted in comparison to the proposed methods, accuracy of diagnose and classification of Alzheimer's disease.

the findings of the present study showed that the machine learning with deep learning methods can diagnose Alzheimer's disease sooner than doctors.

Abstract

Resistance exercise is a key component of any training program aiming to increase strength or muscle mass, Great number of studies emphasizes the importance of eccentric muscle actions as a key component of resistance training programs. -Hydroxy -methylbutyrate (HMB), a metabolite of the essential amino acidleucine, is one of the latest dietary supplements promoted to enhance gains in strength and lean body mass associated with resistance training.

 Patients were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control group (n = 6), 2) HMB (n = 6), 3) exercise (n = 6), 4) exercise and HMB (n = 6).
After the familiarization stage, supplemental supplementation was performed daily. In HMB and exercise + HMB groups, 480 mg / kg body weight per day was considered. The supplements were dissolved in a milliliter of water and fed to rats. 3 sessions per week, for 6 weeks of exercise exhaust.
The rats were anaesthetized and killed after performing the exercise protocol, and the three-body tissue was extracted from the muscle tissue for extraction of the RNA.

The results of this study showed that severe eccentric resistance training did not have a significant effect on these levels despite the increase in S6K level (P = 0.01). Also, the results showed that supplemented with eccentric resistance training also had a significant difference on S6K expression level (P = 0.01). However, the results of this study showed that supplementation alone increased the S6K significantly (P = 0.01) Top of Form Bottom of Form The results showed that the combination of resistance and HMB supplemental exercise increased the expression of the S6K factor.

It seems that the combination of two factors of resistance training and supplementation of HMB increased the expression of the S6K factor levels and it is recommended to use it. However, in order to determine its impact, we need more research in human sample.

The emergence of chronic diseases such as migraine headache causes emotional and psychological damages in the patients. Therefore, there should be sufficient attention to the patients’ psychological features besides common medical therapies. According to that, the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of mindful therapy on mental vitality and emotion cognitive regulation in the patients with migraine headache.

Materials and Methods :

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and a two-month follow-up design. The statistical population of the study included the patients with migraine headache in the town of Shahin Shahr, Isfahan in the first quarter of 2019. 30 patients with migraine headache were selected through voluntary sampling method and they were randomly replaced into experimental and control groups (15 patients in the experimental and 15 in the control group). The experimental group received eight ninety-minute mindful therapy interventions (Cabat Zin, 2003) during two months. The applied questionnaires in this study included mental vitality questionnaire (Ryan and Fredrick, 1997) and emotion cognitive regulation (Granfski, et.al, 2002). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.

the results showed that mindful therapy significantly influences mental vitality and emotion cognitive regulation in the patients with migraine headache (p<0.001).

According to the findings of the present study it can be stated that mindful therapy can be suggested as an efficient therapy to improve mental vitality and emotion cognitive regulation in the patients with migraine headache owning techniques such as thoughts, emotions and mindful behavior.

The emergence of personality disorder causes the damage in the psychological, emotional, and communicative components of the patients. Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to compare psychological wellbeing and life quality in the people suffering from personality disorder to the normal people in the city of Isfahan.
The research method of the present study was descriptive in causal-comparative type. The statistical population of the present study is divided into two major groups; the people with borderline, histrionic, obsessive dependent and avoidant personality disorders, and normal people in the city of Isfahan. Non-probable purposive sampling method was used in the present study in a way that 60 people were selected from 20-to-40-year-old people with personality disorder who referred to consultation centers in the city of Isfahan and 60 people were purposefully selected from healthy people and their research questionnaires were offered to them. The applied questionnaires in this study included life quality questionnaire (WHO, 1994), and the questionnaire of psychological wellbeing (Ryff, 1989). The data from the study were analyzed through MANOVA method via SPSS software.
The results of data analysis showed that psychological wellbeing and life quality are significantly different in the people with personality disorder and normal people (P<0.0001) in a way that the people with personality disorder had lower scores in the components of psychological wellbeing and life quality in comparison to the normal people.
According to the findings of the present study, psychological, social, emotional and familial processes of the people with personality disorder should be sufficiently attended to and their psychological health should be helped through applying suitable intervention methods such as ACT, mindfulness therapy and positivist psychotherapy.

The emergence of chronic diseases such as cancer seriously endangers the mothers’ mental health. Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of hope-oriented teaching package based on cognitive-spiritual method on psychological wellbeing and life quality of the mothers of the children with cancer.

It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population included all the mothers of the children with cancer in the province of Lorestan in 2017.  30 mothers of the children with cancer were selected through non-random sampling method and were randomly replaced into experimental and control groups (15 mothers in the experimental and 15 mothers in the control group). The experimental group received hope-oriented teaching interventions through cognitive-spiritual method during ten ninety-minute sessions during three months. The applied questionnaires were life quality questionnaire (World Health Organization, 1996) and psychological wellbeing questionnaire (Ryff, 1980). The data from the study were analyzed through mono-variable ANCOVA via SPSS23 software.

The results showed that hope-oriented teaching package through cognitive-spiritual method has significant effect on psychological wellbeing and life quality of the mothers of the children with cancer (f=40.56, f=23,94, p<0.001). The degree of the effect of hope-oriented teaching package through cognitive-spiritual method on psychological wellbeing and life quality of the mothers of the children with cancer was 47% and 60% respectively.

According to the findings of the study it can be suggested that hope-oriented teaching through cognitive-spiritual method can be used as an efficient method to improve psychological wellbeing and life quality of the mothers of the children with cancer.

This study aims to investigate the role of attitude toward the field of education and career future, Loneliness and quality of  sleeping for predicting students' academic exhaustion.  This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of were all the Students of Mohaghegh Ardabili university in the academic year of 2019.

Among them, 181 people were selected by using available sampling method. The data were collected by using the Maslach academic exhaustion questionnaire, the attitude toward career future of Tarvirdizadeh, the feeling of social and emotional loneliness and the quality of sleeping in Petersburg. The data were analyzed by SPSS 25 software using correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

The results showed that educational exhaustion had a positive correlation with the sleeping quality score (p <0.05, r = 0.15) and loneliness (p <0.01, r = 0.31,) and There is an inverse relationship with role of attitude toward the field of education and career future (p <0.05, r = -0.15). Also, the results of regression showed that the combination of variables such as sleeping quality, Role of attitude toward the field of education and career future and loneliness explain 10% of the variance of educational exhaustion.

Due to the results,authorities are required to prevent educational exhaustion in higher education by planning  intervening programs, holding workshops and presenting counseling to reduce these factors in order to prevent students' academic exhaustion.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Olson's approaches, acceptance and commitment, and integration on improving the expectation of marriage for single girls.

The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with three experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all single girls living in Tehran in the year 1397. From this population 80 individuals were selected and randomly divided into four groups (three experimental and one control group). Required findings were collected using Jones and Nelson's (1997) Marriage Expectation Scale in both pre-test and post-test and analyzed using multivariate covariance test.

The findings showed that the average expectation of marriage for single girls in all three groups increased and multivariate covariance results showed that the impact of all three approaches on reducing the pessimistic and idealistic expectation of marriage and increasing the actual expectation Marital status was significant (p

The experience of marital infidelity by spouses is a problem that affects the family's foundations and disrupts the marital relationship. The two psychological components to consider in this process are interpersonal forgiveness and marital intimacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on interpersonal forgiveness and marital intimacy in women affected by marital infidelity.

In this study, a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with control group was used. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women affected by marital infidelity in District 1 of Tehran. From this population, 30 subjects were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research tools were Interpersonal Pollard Forgiveness Scale and Loveliness Intimacy Questionnaire. The method of treatment was that after the pre-test, acceptance and commitment treatment was administered to the experimental group. Finally, both groups received post-test. Findings were analyzed using covariance.

The results showed that the mean of interpersonal forgiveness and marital intimacy in the experimental group increased after the pre-test. The result of analysis of covariance showed that after eliminating the pre-test effect, the mean of post-test scores in the two groups was statistically significant (p

damaging psychological components such as negative idealism, stress and anxiety can be followed by different cognitive, emotional and academic damages for the students that applying appropriate therapeutic methods to avoid it is a necessity. Therefore, the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on negative idealism, stress and anxiety of female secondary high school students.

it was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and control group design. The statistical population of the current study was all female secondary high school students in the town of Malayer. 30 female secondary high school students were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 students). The experimental group received eight seventy-five minute sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive-therapy  during two months The applied questionnaires in this study included the questionnaire of stress, depression and anxiety (Lavibond, 1995) and negative idealism questionnaire (Trishort, et.al, 1995).  The data from the study were analyzed through MANCOVA method.

the results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has significant effect on negative idealism, stress and anxiety of female secondary high school students (p<0.001) in a way that this therapy was able to lead to the decrease of negative idealism, stress and anxiety of female secondary high school students.

according to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be used as an efficient therapy to decrease negative idealism, stress and anxiety of female secondary high school students through applying techniques such as thoughts, emotions and mindful behavior.

 Research has shown that green health human resource management and informatics as a powerful tool to guide human factors, can help organizations. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with the aim of electronic management of human resources and health informatics in sports organizations.

 The presents study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (890 people). The statistical sample was selected based on Cochran's formula of 268 people using simple random sampling method. Questionnaires of electronic management of human resources of Vermans et al. (2007), empowerment of green human resources of Degalvar et al. (2013), role of business partner of human resources of Connor et al. (1996), management of green human resources of Jabour (2011) were used. Structural equations with partial least squares approach were used using SPSS software and Smart PLS version 3.

The results showed that electronic human resource management and health informatics have a significant positive effect on green analysis and job description and green education in sports organizations. While the impact of e-HRM on green performance appraisal, green recruitment, green rewards and green selection was not significant.

 Based on the research findings, it is suggested to the managers of sports organizations to provide technological platforms for the implementation of electronic human resource management and health informatics.

 Socialization is a process that is used in parallel with social control, but usually the formal and informal institutions in societies do not use these two processes simultaneously. This issue perpetuates their inefficiency. Sociology, with its theoretical analysis of socialization, socialization, and social control in various forms at the macro, intermediate, and micro levels, pays attention to this issue so that in each of them, the level of agency of individuals is challenged and accurate.

 The present study was a mixed quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative part of the research was done in the form of a questionnaire and the qualitative part of the research was done in the form of grand theory and based on the model of Strauss and Corbin (2008) in the form of interviews and content and structural analysis of the interviews. In-depth, open and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The statistical population of this research in the quantitative and qualitative part consisted of athletes in football, wrestling and badminton. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the findings of the research paradigm model was used, which consisted of 49 components, which was done with a 5-point Likert model. In the quantitative part, descriptive statistical method, skewness and elongation indices, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach were used to analyze the descriptive data. For statistical analysis of this research, SPSS software and Smart Pls software were used

 The results in the qualitative section showed that causal conditions were classified into three categories: learning norms and values, adapting to new team conditions, and improving social interaction. In a small part, the results showed that sports education in the sociability of athletes, mass media in the sociability of athletes, sports coaches in the sociability of athletes, reference groups in the sociability of athletes and youth interest in sports in the community Athletes' receptivity has a significant positive effect.

 Findings showed that both in the qualitative and quantitative part, the sociability of athletes is affected by many factors related to the social and technical status of professional teams.