مجله دانشکده علوم پزشکی نیشابور
پیاپی 30 (بهار 1400)

Social anxiety is one of the most common anxiety disorders. There are various treatments for it. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of cognitive group behavioral intervention and psychodrama in reducing the symptoms of this disorder.

The research is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with the control group. 445 students participated in this study. First, Connorchr('39')s social phobia questionnaire and then clinical interviews selected 36 students who had the most social anxiety and then were randomly divided into three groups. For one group, group cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed in 12 sessions of 2 hours, and for the other group, were performed too. Finally, social anxiety was assessed in three groups and the results were compared.

Most of them lacked the criteria for social anxiety (370students) and 15 patients (3.4%) showed severe symptoms of the disorder. Analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of intervention and control group(F=37.25 and p<0.001), this difference was also no significant between intervention groups (p >0/05).

Both methods are effective in reducing social anxiety. Also, the results showed that the two therapeutic interventions in reducing social anxiety in students are not superior to each other.

Buprenorphine is an opioid drug that is prescribed as an opioid maintenance therapy for addiction during pregnancy and lactation, but its adverse effects on the fetus and infant have not been well studied. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of buprenorphine administration during pregnancy and lactation on the memory function of offspring animals.

30 female rats in gestation and lactation stages are allocated in the controls, gestation and lactation treat groups. After parturition, dams and their pups were kept in one cage during lactation without BUP administration. After parturition, other groups subcutaneously receiving one dose of vehicle as a control group, and lactation treat group (0.5 and 1 BUP) subcutaneously receiving BUP 0.5 and 1 mg/kg once a day and pups are weaned on postnatal (PN) day 28. Six offspring from each group were randomly selected to evaluate the memory function. The spatial memory function was checked using the Y-maze test.

In this study, there was no significant difference between the groups exposed to buprenorphine in the embryonic and breastfeeding period and the control group in the alternative percentage.

The present study showed that exposure to buprenorphine in the fetal and infant stage has no effect on the spatial memory function, but this study does not confirm the safety of this drug and further studies are needed to show the effect of buprenorphine on cognitive function.

 Vaginal reconstruction is the choice medical approach in many congenital abnormalities, injuries, or cancers. Reconstructive techniques applying non-vaginal tissues can be associated with more complications. In special situations such as dilatation failure or large defects, surgical vaginoplasty is recommended. In this regard the main challenge is the lack of sufficient native tissue to reconstruct the organ.

 In this study, nanofibrous scaffolds of elastomeric polyurethane (PU) were fabricated by electrospinning. The physical and chemical properties of the scaffolds were characterized. The toxicity and biocompatibility of each scaffold was evaluated by the MTT assay using human vaginal epithelial cells (HVECs). Cell homing, proliferation and cytokeratine expression was evaluated on the scaffolds by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) and fluorescent staining, respectively.

Polyurethane nanofibers diameter and porosity of scaffold were 322±176 nm and 80%±2%, respectively. After 120 days of degradation, the average weight loss of scaffold was 2.3%. The SEM image also preserves the structural integrity of the fibers but shows small white dots on the nanofibers. SEM microscopy images, MTT assay and H&E staining showed adhesion, viability and prolifration of epithelial cells on the scaffold. Finally, the cytokeratine expression of these cells was confirmed by fluorescent staining on the polyurethane nanofibers scaffold.

The results showed that PC-3575A polyurethane nanofibers scaffold has good potential for vaginal tissue engineering.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attitudes to cosmetic surgery and body image disorder among students of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2019 year.

Materials:

 This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was performed on all students of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran between October and December of 2019 for three months. The sample size was 400 students. Data were collected using demographic data and questionnaires of attitudes to cosmetic surgery (ACSS), body image fear (BICI). All statistical analyzes were performed using STATA 11 software (StataCorp LLC).

Out of 400 students, 53.80% were male and 46.30% were female with mean age of 22.35±3.80 years. Independent t-test results showed no significant difference between the mean ACSS score of gender groups (P- value = 0.128) and marital status (P-value = 0.719). But the results of one-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference between the mean ACSS score and educational level (P-value = 0.003). Results of multiple linear regression test with adjusting for other variables showed that with increasing BICI score, total score of ACSS and its subgroups were significantly increased. (P-value <0.001).

The results of this study indicate that body image disorder can have a direct impact on attitude toward surgery of students. Undergraduate students were also more likely to undergo cosmetic surgery than graduate students.

The importance of evidence-based strategic decision making in hospitals has led to the aim of this study to develop and implement evidence-based strategic decision-making in hospitals in Tehran.

The present study was a mixed exploratory research conducted in the field. The qualitative community included academic experts. Also, the quantitative community includes the managers of selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The research tools included interviews and questionnaires. The statistical method used in this study was structural equations with partial least squares method.

The results showed that eight factors (knowledge, judgment, experience, context, managerial preferences and values, stakeholder preferences and values, ethical considerations, and organization plans) were used as proponents of strategic decision-making development. The evidence was identified in Tehran hospitals. The results of the present model showed that all factors influence the development of evidence-based strategic decision making in hospitals in Tehran, with the most influential context being 0.224. Also the results of model fit indices showed that the model presented in the present study has a good fit.

According to the results of the present study, the causative agent was identified as the most important factor in the development of evidence-based strategic decision making in hospitals in Tehran, which indicates the importance of paying attention to these factors in hospitals.

Psychotic experiences have a significant relationship with a wide range of mental health problems and the predictors of these experiences have received less attention. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between pathological personality traits based on DSM-5 (PID-5) and psychotic experiences of abused women referred to forensic medicine.

This study was descriptive-correlational. The sample included 331 women who were referred to mental health centers, who claimed to have been abused by their husbands. Also, forensic physicians confirmed the injuries after a medical examination. They were selected by convenience sampling method in the 2020 year. Participants answered the 16-item version of the prodromal questionnaire and the personality inventory for DSM-5-short form (PID-5-SF). Research data were analyzed using SPSS22 software and multiple regression analysis.

The results of regression analysis showed that the five variables of psychoticism, disinhibition, dissociation, opposition, and negative emotions predict psychotic experiences and together explain 39% of the variance of psychotic experiences.

The findings of this study confirmed the relationship between pathological personality traits based on DSM-5 (PID-5) and psychotic experiences of abused women referred to forensic medicine. Findings also emphasize the need for personality traits to be considered by specialists, therapists and planners when working with abused women, and especially in counseling and treatment centers in the IPV study, because such factors are likely to affect the occurrence and persistence of various forms of psychopathology.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common causes of community- and hospital-acquired infections can be resistant to antibiotics and host immune systems through biofilm formation. One of the virulence factors of this organism is phenol-soluble modulus (PSMs) which are involved in biofilm formation. In this study, the prevalence of PSM α and PSM β genes among biofilm-producing S. aureus isolated from clinical samples was investigated.

The clinical samples were collected and examined for S. aureus using microbiological and conventional biochemical tests. Then, the presence of biofilm in the isolates was detected by a microtiter plate. Using PCR, the prevalence of PSM α and PSM β genes was determined.

Out of the 60 isolates, the 47 isolates (78.3%) were positive for biofilm. Based on the PCR, the prevalence of PSM α and PSM β genes in the biofilm-producing isolates was 80% and 91.7%, respectively, while in the isolates without biofilm, the prevalence of these genes was 1.7% and 13.6%, respectively.

In this study, the PSM α and PSM β genes in the S. aureus isolates had a high prevalence. Therefore, it seemed to be a relationship between the frequency of these genes and the production of biofilms in this organism.

Salvia officinalis is an herbaceous plant that belongs to the family of Lamiaceae (Labiatae). Salvia officinalis is one of the most important herbal plants used as a disinfectant in traditional and modern medicine. The aim of this research was to study of antibacterial Effect of Salvia officinalis essence and comparison with chlorhexidine on some of the common oral infections of Bacteria.

In this research, Salvia officinalis was collected from the Anzan Meshgin-Shahr area in the northwest of Iran. The essential oil was extracted by Clevengerchr('39')s apparatus, GC and GC/MS devices were used for the analysis of essential oil compounds and accurate measurements of the compounds. Then, the effect of the essential oil of the Salvia officinalis and control on the common bacteria of the oral infection was evaluated in two ways: Disc diffusion And minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

According to the results, the essential oil of the herb has a significant inhibitory effect on the types of gram-negative and positive bacteria. Also, comparing the diameter of the non-growth of the plant with chlorhexin, it was found that the essence of the herb medicine showed relatively similar results to that of the chlorhexin.

According to the findings, the essential oil of the herb has a good anti-microbial effect against the common bacteria of oral infections. As a result, the essential oil of this plant with different concentrations, after completing studies, can be an appropriate alternative for chemical drugs and chemical mouthwashes in the treatment of oral bacterial infections.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the mental disorders that has a great impact on the quality of life and decreases a personchr('39')s resistance against disorder. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of electromagnetic therapy with modular cognitive-behavioral on the clinical syndrome of obsessive washing disorder.

The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test four groups with Follow-up test. The statistical population was included of all young women with obsessive washing disorder who were referred to counseling and psychological centers in Neyshabur during the first quarter of 1398. Among them, 80 people were randomly selected and after the initial pre-test of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, 60 people with the medium level of disorder were selected and randomly assigned to four groups (three experimental and one control group). Data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measure and Tukey post hoc test.

The results showed that all three intervention methods of modular cognitive-behavioral therapy (P<0.05), electromagnetic therapy (p<0.05), and integrative therapy (p <0.05) significantly reduced the obsessive washing disorder. However, integrative therapy was more effective than other interventions on reducing this disorder (p<0.05). 

Based on the results, integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy with electromagnetic therapy can be suggested as an effective intervention in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms.

One of the most important health goals is to reduce age-related limitations in the elderly. Physical activity is one of the ways to prevent, delay or treat aging-related disorders in people with heart failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of walking on water and land on some inflammatory factors in elderly women with diastolic disorders.

In this semi-experimental study, 40 subjects (mean age 65±5) were randomly divided into3 groups, control (n = 10) and two groups: walking on water (n = 15) and walking on land (n = 15). Exercises consisted of 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week for 60 minutes on the treadmill each session with 40-50% VO2max intensity. Blood samples were taken 48 h after the last practice session the levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were evaluated. were used One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests to determine the significance.

The results showed that the water and land-based training group decreased the serum levels of TNF-α (P = 0.016) (P = 0.027) and increased the IL-10 serum levels, respectively. There were statistically significant differences (P = 0.002) (P = 0.011).

Aerobic exercise, including walking, reduces systemic inflammation. Due to orthopedic problems and joint pain in the elderly, walking in the water can be substituted. Exercise in water due to the hydrostatic pressure of water increases venous return and improves heart function in the elderly.

Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can lead to high-risk behaviors, and the use of a tool that is capable of diagnosing ADHD symptoms in delinquent populations is inevitable. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic value and discriminant validity of the Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS-25) in a group of thieves with and without ADHD symptomology and normal individuals with a definite lack of ADHD diagnosis based on Connerchr('39')s Adult ADHD Rating Scale.

In a validation study in Rasht Central Prison, in 2015-2016, 100 prisoners committed theft, and 70 normal individuals were selected as the sample. Tools included WURS-25, Connerchr('39')s Adult ADHD Rating Scale, Social Adjustment Scale, and Perceived Stress Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using discriminant analysis, chi-square test, multivariate and univariate analysis of variance/covariance, and Fisherchr('39')s least significant difference test.

Discriminant analysis showed that WURS-25 could distinguish symptoms of ADHD in three groups of thieves with and without ADHD symptomology and normal individuals from each other, and its overall classification accuracy is equal to 64.1%; although a large proportion of thieves without symptomology were ignored. Also, after controlled analyzes, the mean of scores social adjustment components was significantly greater in thieves with symptomology than in other groups, and for stress in thieves with symptomology than in normal individuals, with considering cut-off points of 36, 39 and 46.

WURS-25 has an acceptable screening performance in thieves with ADHD symptomology Therefore, it can be used to identify susceptible individuals and evaluate the outcome of therapeutic interventions in delinquent populations.