مجله پژوهش های علوم شناختی و رفتاری
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 18، بهار و تابستان 1399)

Relational energy is an organizational resource that increases employees' capacity for action and motivation, enabling them to attain their goals. The present study's aim was to investigate the relationship between civility, respect, and enhancement relationship with relational energy through the climate of trust and respect by controlling the extraversion variable. On this basis, the method of this study is descriptive correlational. The population consists of all employees of the Electricity Distribution Company in Isfahan city. The participants in this study were 300 employees that were selected by a simple random sampling method. They completed the civility, respect, enhancement relationship, relational energy, the climate of trust and respect, and extraversion questionnaires. The data were analyzed via the generalized estimating equations approach and R software. Results indicated that by controlling the extraversion variable, climate of trust and respect plays a partial mediation role in the relationship between civility, respect, and enhancement relationship with relational energy. In order to create a climate of trust and respect and increase the relational energy, administrators should introduce civility, respect, and enhancement relationship as important values of the organization and emphasize the importance of these values at the workplace. It is also necessary for the managers themselves to be polite, and show respect toward the employees to be a good model for their employees. In addition, it is recommended that supervisors encourage and support polite staff to develop positive communication in the workplace.

The current research aims to determine the effectiveness of Incredible Years (IY) program training on self-efficacy in mothers of deaf children. This research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all mothers of deaf children in Shahreza in 2019-2020. The sample size was 20 mothers of deaf children who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to an experimental and control group and each group consists of 10 individuals. First, all subjects in two groups completed Dumka, Steorzinger, Jackson & Roosa parenting self-efficacy questionnaire (1996), and its scores was considered as a pre-test. The experimental group participated in the IY program for 12 sessions, while the control group participated in the common program of the school. Then, both groups completed the parenting self-efficacy questionnaire and its score was considered as a post-test. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that IY program had a positive and significant effect on the self-efficacy of mothers of deaf children (P<0.001). The results indicated that the IY program was useful and effective in improving self-efficacy in mothers of deaf children. It is recommended that this program be used to educate mothers of deaf children to improve their self-efficacy.

An increase in anxiety and feeling a lack of control over traumatic events and emotional experiences can cause and maintain psychiatric disorders in vulnerable individuals. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between mental-physical vulnerability and state-trait anxiety in Coronavirus pandemics. This descriptive correlational study was conducted online and included 228 participants. To collect data, the state-trait anxiety scale and the psycho-physical vulnerability scale (SCL-25) were used as research tools. SPSS 23 software was used to enter data. LISREL 80.8 software was used to investigate the structural relationships of variables. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between psychological-physical vulnerability and state-trait anxiety. The structural pattern of these variables indicates the relationship between state anxiety with somatization, anxiety, depression, phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder and the relationship between trait anxiety and depression, interpersonal sensitivity, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. According to the results obtained from this study, it seems that pandemic conditions, as a stressor in vulnerable individuals, can lead to some psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, obsession, and interpersonal sensitivity.

Sexuality is one of the basic needs that is often ignored in the context of disability, and this is more challenging for girls with a physical disability. This study aims to explore the perspective of girls with a physical disability concerning sexuality. To reach this aim, a thematic analysis approach was utilized and in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 girls over the age of 18 with a physical disability in Isfahan. Participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling and data were analyzed using the Braun and Clarke (2006) thematic analysis method. Findings showed that women experienced five types of challenges including, disability and sex, yes or never?, the meaning of sex, the obstacles, the consequences of lack of having sex, and constructive suggestions. Based on the results, girls with a physical disability faced unmet sexual needs and it is necessary to create rehabilitation interventions as well as culturally-based education.

This study aimed to determine the role of news content in the level of recall and attention of students. This study was experimental with simultaneous inter-subject and between-subject designs. Out of male and female undergraduate and postgraduate students of state universities in Tehran during the academic year of 2018-2019, 60 were selected first by cluster and then purposefully sampling. The instruments used were News Tracking Questionnaire of Broadcasting, Recalled Questionnaire, Eye Tracking System, News Impact Scale, and pieces of news that were performed on the sample, and data were analyzed by SPSS21 software. The mixed analysis of variance test showed that the news content of network 1 and News more than networks 2 and 3 have cognitively loaded content (p= 0.01) and men remember cognitive elements more than women and women remember emotional elements (p=0.001). Also, the duration of the fixation of men on the news was more than women, which indicates more attention and cognitive involvement of men (p=0.001). Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting must present the news content cognitively or emotionally, depending on the gender of the audience, to attract more attention and recall of the audience.

Children with special learning disorders (SLD) have low physical activity and high sedentary behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Filial Therapy on sedentary behaviors (SB) in children with SLD. The research method was semi-experimental (pre-test, post-test, follow up with Placebo and control group). The statistical population of this study consisted of 116 mothers of SLD children aged 7 to 11 years in Malayer city. Among mothers, 95 mothers (91.90%) rated their child's sedentary behavior above the cut-off point (700 minutes or 12 hours and 7 minutes per week, Fischer et al, 2012). Of these mothers, 42 were randomly assigned to the experimental (12), placebo (12) and control (12) groups. Child weekly screen time scale (watching TV, tablet and so on) was used to assess the SB. Group Filial Therapy in 10 two-hour sessions was performed for the experimental group. The Placebo group received weekly information on SLD and participated in question-answer sessions, and the control group received no training. The analysis of variance with repeated measure and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used for analyzing the data. The results showed that the Filial Therapy had a significant effect on decreasing the SB (during the week and the weekend) compared to Placebo and the control group. But there was no significant difference between scores of the placebo group in post-test and follow-up compared to the control group. According to the results, Filial Therapy is recommended to reduce SB in students, especially students with SLD.

Creating, continuing and advancing a career in today's world requires different skills than before. Intrapreneurial self- capital meta construct is one of the skills that is not only effective in helping a person in her/his career, but also plays a significant role in self-management of the career. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Intrapreneurial self-capital scale and evaluate the concurrent criterion validity the career decision difficulties questionnaire (Gati, Krausz & Osipow, 1996) and the career decision making self-efficacy scale (Betz and Taylor, 2000). The research population included all undergraduate students of Hazrat-e Masoumeh University in the academic year 2019. From this population, 185 students volunteered to participate and the scale was provided to them. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis. The results confirm concurrent validity of Intrapreneurial self- capital scale.

When a behavior leads to two outcomes, one of which is good and the other is bad, how do we know which outcome was intentional and which was unintentional? With the purpose of identifying the mechanism of detecting behavior intention and in an experimental design, 132 children (61 girls) with a mean age of 55 months were selected from four preschools in Tehran's second district by the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to three groups of intentionless (who were not told anything about the intent of protagonist), good intention (who were told that the intention of protagonist was good), and bad intention (who were told that the intention of protagonist was bad). The research tool was a childish version of the Trolley Story in which the protagonist behaved in a way that had a good outcome and a bad outcome, and the subjects were asked to judge that: 1) Was the bad outcome intentional? 2) Did the protagonist have a duty to do that behavior? 3) Was the behavior of the protagonist good? Chi-square and ANOVA tests showed that in all three types of moral judgment, the intentionless and good intention groups were not different, but the difference between the intentionless and bad intention groups was significant. The findings show that the subjects used the presumption of innocence or the principle of innocence to detect the intent of the behavior, i.e. they perceived the behavior's good outcome as intentional and the behavior's bad outcome as unintentional.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Dimitriev et al (2017) Mentalization questionnaire in the Iranian population. The present study was quantitative and non-experimental. The sample of the present study consisted of 333 students of Payame Noor University in Aleshtar who were selected by available sampling methods from different fields. Participants answered the questionnaires on Mentalization, attachment style, social cognition, and mindfulness. For analysis, data from Cronbach's alpha, divergent and convergent validity, and confirmatory factor structure was used. Cronbach's alpha for the total score and its three components was between 0.73 to 0.86, which indicates the suitable reliability of this questionnaire. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis showed that this scale has three components in Iranian society and the model fit indices and factor loads were desirable. Mentoring and its components were positively correlated with mindfulness, secure attachment style, and social cognition, which indicates the favorable convergent validity of this questionnaire, and were negatively correlated with avoidant and anxious attachment style, which indicates the favorable divergent validity of this questionnaire.Was. with mind-awareness, secure attachment style, social cognition and negatively correlated with avoidant and anxious attachment style, which indicates the divergent and convergent validity of this questionnaire. In general, the Persian version of the Mentalization questionnaire has suitable psychometric properties for use in psychological research in Iranian society.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of theater therapy on self-control, social and adaptive performance and dependence on computer games of game-dependent students, which was conducted in a quasi-experimental design. The statistical population consisted of all students studying in the first year of high school in Isfahan in the academic in 2018-2019, who obtained more than 50 marks from Farhadi (2017) researcher-made computer game addiction researcher-made questionnaire. Out of 150 people from the mentioned community, 30 people were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people. Participants in both groups completed Tangney self-control questionnaire (2004), Price et all Social Performance Scale (2002) and Farhadi Computer Game Addiction Questionnaire (2017). Theatrical therapy sessions were held in 8 90-minute group sessions per week for the experimental group; But the participants in the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the follow-up phase. After completing the training course and also 3 months after the post-test, both groups were re-assessed. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and SPSS 24 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that theater therapy increased the level of self-control and adaptive social performance in students and reduced computer game addiction in this group and the results were stable in the quarterly follow-up period (p<0.05). The results of the present study emphasize the importance of using theater therapy in order to improve self-control, adaptive social functioning and reduce the symptoms of students' play addiction.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of solution-focused counseling on students' work hope done by quasi-experimental method with pre-and-post-test design with a control group and follow-up stage. The statistical population of this study consisted of all female high school students in Mobarakeh in 2019-20. The sample size was 50 people chosen by sampling method and for this purpose, 50 female high school students of one of the schools in this city were randomly selected and asked to complete the work hope questionnaire of Jantonon and Waterston. Then, 20 students whit the lowest scores in this questionnaire were randomly assigned into control and experiment groups, consisting of 10 members. The experimental group received five 100 minutes sessions of solution-focused counseling. At the end of the counseling program, a post-test was taken from both groups. And one month later, the relevant follow-up was performed. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that solution-focused counseling has increased work hope and its components, which include goals, pathways, and agency. According to the results of this study, by designing, implementing, and applying interventions based on solution-focused counseling, students' work hope can be improved and they can be helped to set goals, choose a career path and increase their sense of personal agency.

Investigating the behavior, thinking, and emotional reactions of people in crises will be a valuable help in reducing and preventing injuries in various aspects of life, especially the psychological dimension. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and COVID-19-Related Anxiety. For this purpose, 305 individuals (age: M = 34.6, SD = 9.04) in Markazi province, Iran participated in the study through online recall, they were asked to respond to the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Styles Questionnaire (Garnefski and Kraj, 2006) and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (Alipour et al., 2020). The results of multivariate regression analysis in this study showed that the adaptive emotional regulation strategies (positive refocusing, planning, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, and acceptance) and maladaptive strategies (self-blame, other- blame, rumination, catastrophizing) significantly predict the physical and psychological symptoms of Corona-Related Anxiety (p <0.05). Also, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, education level, and gender can explain 25% of psychological symptoms and 24% of physical symptoms of Corona-Related Anxiety changes. In general, it could say that crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic affect the mental health of people in society. And the amount of damage in emotional dimensions such as anxiety is affected by people's emotional regulation style, age, and education level.