مجله پژوهش های کاربردی روانشناختی
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1402)

The purpose of this research was to standardize an Islamic happiness training program and assess its effectiveness in promoting marital adjustment and resilience among couples experiencing marital conflict. The qualitative portion of the study employed theme analysis via the inductive method, while the quantitative portion utilized a quasi-experimental design comprising a control group, pretest, posttest, and two-month follow-up period . In the spring and summer of 2020, couples experiencing marital conflict who were referred to counseling centers in the East District of Tehran constituted the statistical population of the current study. By employing a multistage sampling method, 26 couples were chosen and allocated at random into the experimental and control groups (with 28 individuals in the experimental group and 24 in the control group). The experimental group was provided with an eight-session Islamic contentment training program over the course of two months. In this study, the employed questionnaires were the marital conflict questionnaire (MCQ), the marital status questionnaire (MSQ), and the resilience questionnaire (RQ). The data obtained from the study were subjected to analysis using mixed ANOVA in SPSS-23. The findings of the study indicate that the happiness training program contains pertinent material and possesses executive validity in the opinion of the experts. Moreover, the findings indicated that Islamic contentment training improved the marital adjustment and resilience of couples experiencing marital conflict (p<0.0001), as this intervention resulted in an increase in the aforementioned characteristics. Based on the results of the current investigation, it has been determined that implementing Islamic happiness training can effectively enhance the marital adjustment and resilience of couples. This can be achieved through the practice of safe, supportive, and empathetic communication, instruction in the concept of forgiveness, recognition of the positive consequences of patience, and identification of the couples’inherent capabilities and potential in granting access to happiness.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of a positive education program grounded in Seligman's PREMA model on the self-efficacy and engagement of students enrolled in online courses. In terms of objective and methodology, this study was experimental research employing a repeated measurements design; it was also an application of research. During the 2019-2020 academic year, secondary public elementary schools in the eleventh district of Tehran comprised the statistical population of the present study. A secondary elementary school located in the 11th district of Tehran was selected using the convenient sampling method. The research was carried out on the entire student body of this elementary school, which consisted of 315 female students. The instruments utilized for data collection were the online student engagement scale (OSE), and online learning self-efficacy scale (OLSES).  SPSS software was utilized to conduct multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measures on the data. The outcomes demonstrated that the implementation of a positive education program increased online students' engagement and self-efficacy. The findings of this study may provide educational psychologists and school counselors with valuable insights for developing and executing initiatives that foster student motivation and flourishing.

The objective of this meta-analysis was to compile the studies conducted on the efficacy of neuropsychological interventions with respect to executive functions. Full-text articles, dissertations, and research projects that were published in Iran between 2010 and 2020 in quarterly journals, scientific research journals, and scientific information databases affiliated with the University Jahad, the Computer Research Center for Islamic Sciences, and the Private site of Iran Magazines Bank constituted the study population. A total of 131 effect sizes were analyzed from the 126 derived studies after 71 were selected in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed utilizing funnel plots, sensitivity analyses, fixed and random effects models, and heterogeneity analyses in conjunction with CMA2 software. The results indicated that neuropsychological interventions had a significant effect on executive functions, and according to Cohen’s criterion, the combined effect size for the random-effects model was substantial (ES = 1.22). The findings additionally indicated that, among the various classes examined, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder has the greatest effect size, and that, among executive functions, neuropsychological interventions exert the most significant influence on the working memory component. Consequently, it is recommended that clinicians and specialists employ neuropsychological interventions to enhance and improve the planning, attention, inhibition, and working memory capabilities of their clients.

The primary objective of the current study was to examine the correlation between narcissism and the potential for addiction, with shame and attachment pattern serving as mediating factors. This research employs an applied-practical approach, utilizing a descriptive-correlational methodology. The statistical population of the research included all Tehran University students from 2021 to 2022. From this population, 423 individuals were chosen as a sample through available sampling method. During the initial phase, the students completed the following questionnaires of Rizvi Shame Inventory (RSI), Pincus Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Zargar's readiness for addiction, Hazen & Shiver’s attachment style (AAS). Following a one-month interval, 90 individuals were chosen for the second stage of the study.These individuals were assessed using the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Rizvi Shame Inventory (RSI) and Barzegar addiction readiness questionnaires. Each participant's vulnerable narcissism score exceeded the average of 85. The statistical software SPSS and AMOS were utilized to analyze the data. According to the findings of the study, the mediating role model comprised of attachment and shame was significantly associated with narcissism and addiction. In general, the results of the present study indicate that comprehending the vulnerable and grandiose narcissistic pathway with addiction requires an awareness of the connection between shame and attachment style. Moreover, this relationship should be taken into account when developing clinical interventions for young adults who are at risk.

The objective of this research endeavor was to construct a structural framework for psychological capital among bariatric surgery candidates, incorporating spirituality as a mediator and body image as a contributing factor. The research methodologyemployed correlational and structural equation analysis to gather data, with a fundamental objective. The statistical population of the study comprises all individuals who were referred to Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran for minimally invasive bariatric surgery in the year 2021. A sample size of 250 individuals was determined by means of convenience sampling. The research tools were Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Spiritual Questionnaire (SQ) and The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) were the instruments of research. For data analysis, the Person Correlation Coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling were implemented using SPSS Version 26 and LISREL Version 8.8, respectively. The findings indicated that spirituality (β=0.61, p<0.01) and body image (β=0.38, p<0.01) had a statistically significant positive direct effect on psychological capital. Furthermore, the findings indicated that body image played a substantial mediating role in the association between psychological capital and spirituality (β=0.15, p<0.01). According to the present findings, the proposed model exhibited an optimal fit index. Given the significance of spirituality and body image as predictors of psychological capital in this population, preoperative plans for bariatric surgery candidates should incorporate interventions and trainings designed to improve spirituality and body image.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the casual relationship between self-injury behaviors, external shame, self-criticism, and dread of self-compassion, with depression and family emotional involvement serving as mediators. In 2019, the statistical population comprised all undergraduates enrolled at Shahid Chamran University. A sample of 258 individuals was chosen in accordance with the sampling policy in place to test the research hypotheses. To gather data, the following instruments were utilized: Gratz’s Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI), the External Shame Scale (ESS) developed by Gross et al., the Thomson and Zoroff Self-Criticism Scale (LSCS), the Fear of Self Compassion Scale (FSCS) by Gilbert et al., the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Criticism and Family Emotional Involvement Scale of Shields et al. (FEICS). The assessment of the suggested model was conducted utilizing AMOS-24 software in conjunction with structural equation modeling. The results demonstrated that the final model fits the data well. Additionally, the results indicated that the direct effects of external shame, self-criticism, and dread of self-compassion on both depression and emotional family conflict were (p<0.05). Depression and emotional conflict of the family also had direct positive effects on self-injury (p<0.05). Also, the results of Bootstrap to investigate the indirect effects showed that depression and emotional conflict in the family mediate the relationship between external shame, self-criticism and fear of self-compassion, and self-injury (p<0.05). Based on the findings that depression and family emotional involvement mediate the indirect effects of external shame, self-criticism, and fear of self-compassion on self-injury, it can be inferred that predictor variables have an indirect influence on self-injury behavior.

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a family-centered sensory and motor interactive activities program in enhancing the motor and developmental abilities of infants between the ages of 12 and 24 months who have a medical history of low birth weight. The design of the study was combined methods (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population comprised infants between the ages of 12 and 24 months who had a documented history of low birth weight in Tehran in 2022. The study sample comprised twenty-eight infants, ranging in age from twelve to twenty-four months, whose mothers were selected using a readily available sampling method. The participants were allocated into two groups—experimental and control—at random. The Children's Developmental Screening Scale, third edition of Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ3TM) was utilized in both cohorts. Two sessions of the family-centered program for mothers and sixteen sessions for children in the experimental group were taken into account. The statistical analysis software SPSS version 26 was utilized to analyze the data. Initially, the descriptive analysis of the variables, the normality of the assumptions, and the equality of the variance of the variables in the groups were examined. Subsequently, univariate analysis of covariance was employed to examine the research hypotheses. The results of the covariance analysis demonstrated that the family-centered interactive activities program for sensory and motor development was effective. A significant difference has been observed between the experimental and control groups with regard to developmental skills between the pre-test and post-test (P<0.005). Motor and developmental skills among children aged 12 to 24 months with a history of low birth weight can be enhanced through entertainment programs that incorporate suitable structure, according to the findings of this study. It is recommended that future research investigate the efficacy of this program on children of average weight and conduct longitudinal studies.

Academic achievement among adolescents is intended to be explained by a model that incorporates inhibition strategies and cognitive appraisal, with adolescent practical, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional academic involvement serving as a mediator. The research method was descriptive correlation. The statistical sample comprised Shiraz’s first-year secondary school students during the 2018-2019 academic year. Random cluster sampling was used to select 389 eighth and ninth graders (197 boys and 232 girls) who completed the Gross (ERQ), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Academic Engagement Rio (AES). The path analysis method and Amos24 software were employed to analyze the data. The results revealed that academic achievement is influenced both directly and indirectly by cognitive reassessment’s emotion regulation strategy via emotional and behavioral engagement. Positive and statistically significant was the inhibitory emotion regulation strategy in predicting practical engagement. Furthermore, academic achievement was positively and significantly predicted by cognitive appraisal strategy, in addition to behavioral, cognitive, affective, and practical accomplishments. Positive and significant predictors of academic achievement were found to be behavioral and affective engagements alone, among the various components of academic engagement. By placing emphasis on the cognitive reassessment strategy in emotion management training for adolescents, it is possible to implement effective measures that foster academic engagement in the realm of behavior and emotions, and ultimately improve the academic performance of adolescents.

The purpose of this research was to assess the efficacy of hypnotherapy on perceived tension and wound healing in patients who had undergone abdominal surgery. The research methodology was implemented in both intent and data collection approach: a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group follow-up. The statistical population comprised all patients admitted to Golestan Hospital of Tehran in 2020 who were candidates for abdominal surgery. Fifty of these patients, consisting of 24 males and 26 females, were selected at random and divided into two study groups using a readily available sampling method. The initial cohort underwent an eight-session hypnotherapy intervention, while the subsequent cohort served as the control group. The data were gathered at three time points prior to, during, and subsequent to the intervention and follow-up period using the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT) and the Perceived Stress scale (PSS). Analysis of the data was conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance. It was conducted using SPSS software version 23. In the post-test and follow-up phases, hypnotherapy was found to influence the wound recovery and perceived stress levels of patients who had undergone abdominal surgery (P>0.05). On the basis of these results, it is possible to conclude that hypnotherapy can be utilized as an adjunctive therapy to reduce perceived stress and enhance wound healing in patients recovering from abdominal surgery.

The purpose of the present study was to predict the propensity for marital infidelity in relation to the consumption of pornographic material on the Internet, with marital quality serving as a mediator. The statistical population for this descriptive study utilizing path analysis comprised all married individuals residing in Isfahan in 2021. 360 married individuals were selected using an online sampling method and completed questionnaires assessing their propensity for infidelity (TIQ), the quality of their relationships (RDAS), and their exposure to Internet pornography (CPU). The findings indicated that pornography significantly and positively predicted propensity for infidelity, whereas marital quality significantly and negatively predicted the same. The data collected from the questionnaires was analyzed utilizing the path analysis method and the SPSS-26 and Amus-24 software programs. Additionally, path analysis revealed that the quality of marital relations significantly mediates the connection between pornography and marital infidelity. Based on the research findings, it appears that problematic Internet usage, particularly the consumption of explicit sexual content, may incite couples to engage in extramarital affairs. Furthermore, in cases where marital relationships are of poor quality, pornographic viewing appears to exacerbate the propensity for extramarital relationships.

The purpose of the current investigation was to develop a predictive model for quality of life in expectant women based on psychological resilience and couple intimacy, with pregnancy anxiety serving as a mediator. Pathway analysis and descriptive-correlational methods comprised the research design. During the fall and winter of 2019, expectant women who were referred to hygiene centers and gynecologists’ offices in the city of Ahvaz comprised the statistical population. Four hundred expectant women comprised the statistical population; they were selected using a readily available sampling method. Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ), Pregnancy Anxiety Questionnaire (PAQ), Psychological Resilience Questionnaire (PRQ), and Couple Intimacy Questionnaire (CIQ) were among the administered questionnaires. Through the utilization of Bootstrap testing and pathway analysis, the data was analyzed. SPSS version 23 and Amos version 23 were utilized for this purpose. Quality of life is significantly correlated with psychological resilience, couple intimacy, and pregnancy anxiety, according to the findings (p<0.01). Furthermore, it is noteworthy that psychological resilience, couple intimacy, and pregnancy anxiety exert a substantial direct impact on quality of life (p<0.01). Furthermore, the results of the Bootstap test indicated that pregnancy anxiety mediates the relationship between couple intimacy and expectant women’s quality of life and psychological resilience (p<0.01). Finally, the model exhibited a satisfactory level of fit. Given the substantial mediating function of pregnancy anxiety, it is imperative that clinical therapists employ efficacious psychological therapy methods to reduce the anxiety of pregnant women.

The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in relation to the resilience and quality of life of mothers who have children who have learning disabilities. The research employed an applied, semi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, as intended. The study's statistical cohort comprised mothers of children diagnosed with learning disabilities residing in Tehran during the initial half of 2020. As the final sample, forty mothers were chosen using the method of purposive sampling and were divided at random into two groups—one experimental and the other—consisting of twenty mothers each. The Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale (BCFQLS) were utilized as research instruments. The control group did not receive mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, whereas the experimental group participated in eight sessions of such treatment. After a post-test at the conclusion of the session and two months later, follow-up was conducted. Utilizing SPSS-24 software and the statistical procedure of analysis of covariance, the data were analyzed. The findings from the covariance analysis indicated that the experimental group exhibited a statistically significant increase in both resilience and quality of life. Additionally, the beneficial effects of cognitive treatment based on mindfulness were maintained. Therefore, mothers of children with learning disabilities may benefit from an effective method of enhancing their children's resilience and quality of life through the implementation of mindfulness-based cognitive treatment.

The primary objective of this research endeavor was to examine the manner in which health behaviors and resilience mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and social adjustment among Shahid Beheshti University students. The research employed a descriptive and correlational methodology. The statistical population comprised all male and female students enrolled in the first semester of the 2020-2021 academic year at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran town. A total of 400 students, 222 of whom were female and 178 of whom were male, were selected using available sampling methodologies. The subjects responded to the questionnaires within the anticipated time periods in order to assess the parameters of his knowledge using the following measurement instruments: the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile Questionnaire (HPLP-II), the Emotional Intelligence Shring Scale (EISS), and the social adjustment questionnaire (BAI). Using AMOS version 20 and SPSS version 24 software, the data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique by integrating the path analysis and confirmatory factor analysis procedures. The results indicated that the adjusted hypothesis regarding the mediating role of health-oriented lifestyle behaviors and psychological resilience in the connection between social adjustment and emotional intelligence was consistent with the collected data. Hence, drawing from the research findings, one may deduce that interventional educational initiatives, such as the resilience training program, may exert a beneficial influence on the correlation between social adaptation and emotional intelligence by virtue of resilience's mediating function.

The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the experiences of Iranian therapists who dealt with challenging customers and to examine the approaches they utilized. The present research employed a qualitative form of phenomenology as its research methodology. In 2021 and 2022, the community of this study comprised active therapists in Tehran. With the purposeful continuation of sampling until the saturation limit was reached, seventeen therapists were ultimately chosen. The participants were subsequently asked to complete semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed utilizing Colaizzi’s method of descriptive data analysis. Through the examination of the data, 60 primary concepts, 9 sub-themes, and 2 main themes were identified. The overarching theme comprises two components: firstly, efficacious approaches during the therapeutic session (encompassing general therapeutic communication strategies, general individual strategies, specialized strategies pertaining to clients experiencing marital difficulties, specialized strategies pertaining to clients confronting family issues, and specialized strategies pertaining to clients diagnosed with personality disorder); and secondly, successful strategies implemented outside of the session (including general social strategies, support systems. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that clinicians’ approach to challenging clients influences the caliber of care they provide. Therefore, training and a competent supervisor are required in this field.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of mentalization-based treatment in improving the self-consciousness and quality of life of mothers who have children diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder. The study was quasi-experimental in nature, employing a pretest-posttest control group design with a two-month follow-up period. The statistical sample for the spring and summer of 2021 comprised the mothers of children diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder residing in the town of Ardebil. A purposive sampling method was employed to select 37 mothers of children diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder. These mothers were then randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Over the course of two months, the mothers in the experimental group attended eight sessions of mentalization-based treatment. This research employed the Self-Conscious Affect Questionnaire (SCAQ) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire (FQLQ). The data were analyzed utilizing SPSS-25 software and the mixed variance analysis procedure. Positive self-conscious affect (F=42.86; Eta=0.55; P=0001), negative self-conscious affect (F=51.84; Eta=0.59; P=0001), and quality of life (F=33.93; Eta=0.49; P=0001) were all significantly improved by mentalization-based treatment in mothers of children with intellectual developmental disorder. On the basis of the study’s results and findings, it is possible to conclude that mentalization-based treatment can be an effective method for enhancing the quality of life and self-awareness of mothers of children with intellectual developmental disorder. This is accomplished through the use of mindfulness-related techniques, including those involving thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

The current study examined the relationship between romantic jealously and intimate partner violence as predictors of marital infidelity, with gender serving as a moderating factor. The research design employed in this study was correlational and utilized regression; data collection was conducted through a survey. In 2021, the population of Shiraz city consisted of all married individuals who were residents. Purposive sampling was utilized to select a sample of 197 individuals, of which 89 were women and 108 were males. The participants completed the Multidimensional Jealousy Scale (MJS), Questionnaire to Measuring Wife Abuse (QMWA), and the Infidelity Scale (IS). The data were subjected to analysis utilizing the Pearson correlation coefficient and SPSS-26 software for regression. Positive and significant predictive power (p<0/01) was found for both romantic resentment and violence against an intimate partner in relation to marital infidelity, according to the study’s findings. On the other hand, findings indicated that gender can be substantiated as a moderating factor in the correlation between intimate partner violence, marital infidelity, and romantic jealously. In general, the findings suggested that romantic jealously and intimate partner violence could serve as robust indicators of marital infidelity. Nevertheless, gender may exert a moderating influence on this matter. The fact that males account for a greater proportion of the variance in marital infidelity than women may suggest that men are less reluctant to disclose such affairs. It can be argued that marital infidelity among males is generally more socially acceptable than that of women.

The purpose of this research was to examine the sustained efficacy of the Creativity Instructor Training Workshop in enhancing the capabilities of educators in underprivileged regions. The method of investigation was descriptive phenomenology. The statistical cohort for this study comprised every participant who attended the 2021 Creativity Instructor Training Workshop in Tehran. The participants for a qualitative study conducted in 2022 were chosen during the first semester of the workshop using a purposive sampling method, in accordance with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relative saturation was achieved following a semi-structured, in-depth interview with 14 participants (4 men and 10 women). To examine the workshop’s longitudinal efficacy, the current study re-conducted semi-structured interviews with the statistical sample from the previous study at the conclusion of the workshop’s fourth semester . An examination of the data utilizing MAXQDA-12 yielded the identification of 818 codes, 12 clusters of meaning, and 3 themes in total. In addition to 28 newly introduced codes, the quantity of codes increased in comparison to the initial semester. By employing thematic analysis to compare themes and clusters derived from interviews conducted in the fourth and first semesters, as well as their respective frequencies, a significant increase in the participants' understanding was identified. Their comprehension of redefining creativity, re-establishing components of divergent thinking, recognizing attributes of the creative domain, and identifying barriers to creativity improved significantly. In comparison to the first semester, the participants’ attitudes and abilities in the following clusters: imagination and creativity, mental frameworks and stereotypes, the role of creativity in deprivation, and idea generation for the application of creative skills in deprived areas and the practical implementation of creativity techniques in personal and professional life—were all markedly enhanced. Consequently, it is recommended that this workshop be utilized to equip educators with the means to instruct creativity skills.

The aim of this research was to investigate the subjective experience of visual delight and abstract perception in Iranian culture as it relates to a variety of artistic genres. Furthermore, the objective of the study was to create a uniform repository of visual stimuli that could be utilized in scientific inquiries, with a particular focus on providing assistance to art therapy practitioners. The experimental and cross-sectional investigation, which spanned the academic year 2021-2022, centred on students and graduates of the faculties of engineering and fine arts at Tehran University. Six participants (two males and four females) were selected as a cohort using an available sampling technique. Every participant evaluated a total of 1045 paintings spanning across five distinct artistic movements: Impressionism, Cubism, Color Fields, and Abstract. The assessment duties comprised assigning ratings to the paintings according to their aesthetic appeal and tangible qualities. Statistical measures including the mean, standard deviation, analysis of variance, and mixed linear regression analysis were utilized in the data analysis. Utilizing Python 3, in conjunction with statistical utilities such as scipy and pingouin, enabled the execution of the analysis. The results indicated that there were notable variations in liking ratings among different artistic forms, with the exception of abstract cubism and abstract color fields. On the contrary, substantial disparities were noted across all genres in the concreteness-rating task, except for color fields, abstract, and cubism, which exhibited no noteworthy differentiation from one another.