نشریه پژوهش های بین رشته ای ادبیات و هنر
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

Balladry flourished in Iran since the end of the Qajar period and at the threshold of the constitutionalism movement, and most of the ballads of this period reflect the ideals of the constitutionalists and the political and social conditions of that era. These ballads can be divided into two parts: - Ballads written by unknown poets and in most of them there is not much connection between poetry and music. - The ballads written by well-known poets and musicians such as Ali Akbar Sheida and Arif Qazvini, and there is a deep connection between poetry and music in them, which is the result of two factors: - the scientific and precise familiarity of the ballad makers with the techniques and concepts of Dastgāh (musical systems) [divisions!] and gušeh of Iranian music. – Their Familiarity with composition that has made the deep connection between poetry and music in the best possible way. The themes of these ballads are also of two types: - Romantic themes which are the natural continuation of balladry in the past era and the pre-eminent creator of such themes is Ali Akbar Sheida. - Themes that include the celebration of freedom and national goals, and the pioneer of this kind of thematization is Arif Qazvini, who created a movement in balladry, and later, people like Amir Jahid followed his style.

Iran's ornaments throughout history, in addition to their decorative status, express meanings, concepts and culture that have chosen art as their language. The ornaments of the Qajar era have provided thisopportunity and possibility to create their belief system in the course of rituals and social behaviors, the study of which is one of the appropriate ways to know the culture and art of Iran. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the symbolic motifs used in the jewelry of the Qajar period, relying on the Nasseri period. This research tries to answer the basic questions of whether the motifs used in this period were influenced by similar examples in previous periods. Also, whether the motifs of this period are based on religious and mythological beliefs or they are only decorative and artistic? Utilyzing a descriptive-analytical method and collecting library information This research, introduces and analyzes the commonly used symbols of ornaments of the Nasseri period, relying on 26 ornaments. The results of this research show that the images used in these ornaments follow and continue the symbolic meanings in the past art of Iran, although in an exaggerated way and mostly inspired from nature.

Bahram Beizaei is a scriptwriter, playwright, director, translator and famous Iranian writer who has paid great attention to myths and history in many of his works. Hence, the language and expression, and other elements of his narratives, are very close to the classical school, whose  source of inspiration is mainly taken from ancient stories and myths. In the present study, Beizaei's plays have been examined for their compatibility with classical school. Although this school, like other literary, intellectual, and philosophical schools, is originated in the West, some of Beizaei’s  dramatic works can be evaluated in accordance with the principles of the mentioned school; Principles such as imitating the ancients, imitating human nature, recreating the ancient world, rationalism, instructiveness  and pleasance , clarity and conciseness, elegance, truthfulness, universality, avoiding despicable,  decadent, and exciting  issues, etc., can be found in some of his dramatic works. However, atmosphere, time, space and source of inspiration and other elements were completely indigenous and Iranian.

Examining the artistic values and manuscript illumination can be considered as one of the important issues in the field of integrating literary elements, concepts and themes. Although dealing with the artistic secrets of these types of writings requires special knowledge in each field of calligraphy and gilding, header making, table drawing, etc., there are secrets found in them that by addressing them and examining those elements, the hidden values of these works will be revealed to the readers. In the first step, this requires knowing the different types of book layout elements in previous periods, especially the Safavid era, and then it is related to the examination of the frequency of these symbols that provide the style and elements of beauty in the work. Although in the Masnavi of Bahr al-Ma'rif, due to the importance of the book or the author's fame, etc., not all manuscript illumination techniques have been used, the use of cover decorations (binding), title and its colors, tabularity and lines are eye-catching and each of them contains secrets of art. In the present research, without considering the various techniques of book illumination  in their specialized field, we will examine the aesthetic elements of Bahr al-Maarif manuscripts.

In recent years, with the advancement of technology and virtual spaces, in Iran, television gave way to home broadcast networks, and this event caused the creation of admirable and different works, and we are still witnessing the spread of these works in different genres. The series "Actor", " Sargije " and "Yaghi" were three popular and influential series of the home show network, which were well received by the public. In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method, and by reviewing three home theater works, these collections have been examined and analyzed and compared with the archetypal structure of the hero's journey, from Joseph Campbell's point of view. In these three collections, the hero's journey can be seen internally and externally and sometimes a combination of both types. The findings of the research show that the heroes of these works go on a journey for various reasons and experience many external and internal changes during the stages of the journey. Most of the events that happen to the heroes of these works can be adapted to the travel pattern of Campbell's hero, and only in some cases, this pattern has no equivalent in the collection of home shows.

Khajeh Ahmad Kasani (866-949 A.H.), one of the famous mystics of the Naqshbandi dynasty in Mavara-o-Nahr, is the founder of the Deh-Bidiyyah or Kasaniyya school, and has more than thirty mystical treatises. Most of these treatises, which are available in manuscript form in various libraries and are few and scattered, have been introduced or corrected in various researches. The current research, with a descriptive-analytical method, is an inquiry on the art of gilding, page layout and the features used in two manuscripts of Kasani's letters in the Qajar era. These include Majlis 335 and Ganjbakhsh 2262, from the point of view of the composition within the text, examining the colors and frequently used motifs. . The beginning and title pages in many editions, including these two editions, are worthy of attention and a lot of care has been taken in decorating and arranging them. The opening pages of these two versions have similar inscriptions, and the majority of the inscriptions are domes or altars, which indicate the prevalence and development of the art of gilding in the Qajar period. Colorful flowers are often seen in the gilded text and sometimes seen in the page layout of the title pages of these works. Between the lines in the opening pages is gilded and the middle pages of the versions are tabulated. In these two editions, there are arranged borders in red on the opening pages and all pages; but these borders are without religion, inlays, flowers, leaves and colors.