فصلنامه تحقیقات جغرافیایی
سال سی و نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 151، زمستان 1402)

Nowadays, cities engage in a competition to showcase their innovative approaches within financial frameworks. The objective of this research endeavor was to employ the technique of structural equation modeling to validate a conceptual framework pertaining to social participation in the establishment of creative districts within urban settings.

The methodology employed for this study involved conducting applied research within District 11 of the Tehran Municipality during the year 2023. The selection of the statistical population was based on the most recent population and housing census, resulting in a total of 308,176 individuals. By utilizing the Cochran formula, a sample size of 383.6 individuals was determined. After eliminating incomplete questionnaires, a total of 374 questionnaires from native residents of District 11 in Tehran were analyzed. Each neighborhood within District 11 made a contribution of 22 questionnaires. Spatial cluster sampling was implemented as the selected method of sampling. The collected data were subsequently subjected to structural equation modeling in order to ascertain the underlying causal relationships between the variables.

The results indicated a significant positive impact of involvement on social participation, as demonstrated by a path coefficient of 0.701. Moreover, several factors including the sustainability, depth, rate, and diversity of participation also displayed favorable and substantial effects on social participation, with corresponding path coefficients of 0.682, 0.226, 0.882, and 0.429. The increased level of social participation within the urban creative district played a pivotal role in promoting innovation, citizen engagement, quality of life, and the human capital of its residents.

In relation to the variables pertaining to social participation, it was observed that the variables associated with participation's influence exerted a more substantial impact, while the aspect of participation sustainability displayed a relatively weaker effect on social participation within the context of urban creative districts. Moreover, sub-indicators such as the failure to identify and attract talented individuals, the lack of cooperation and participation from diverse segments of society, contribute to the untapped potential and impede the growth of the urban creative district.

Large and prominent global organizations consider responsibility towards society and the environment as a part of their strategy and try to contribute to the health and well-being of society by complying with ethical principles and transparency. In recent years, some universities have included social responsibility as an approach to sustainable development in their mission statements. Therefore, the current research aimed at the social responsibility of universities in the environmental field and solving the water shortage crisis in Iran. Therefore, the present study investigated the social responsibility of universities in the environmental field and solving the water shortage crisis in Iran.

Universities can provide specialized graduates to solve problems related to water shortage in the society by providing educational programs related to water and environmental resources management. These programs can include environmental engineering, water resources, earth sciences, biology and other related fields. In addition to education, universities can play an important role in scientific research and research projects in the field of environment and water scarcity. These studies can help to identify new solutions, new technologies and effective policies in the management of water resources and environment. Universities can be effective in promoting the culture of environmental protection and optimal use of water resources by establishing technical and scientific cooperation with related organizations and institutions. The collaborations can include joint research, knowledge exchange, providing technical advice and continuing education.

In the current era, nations are achieving success in the realm of e-tourism, whereby they leverage the potential of electronic tourism. This encompasses numerous regions within the country, particularly the coastal cities situated in the province of Mazandaran, which have consistently been renowned as tourist hotspots. The primary objective of this investigation was to explore the implementation of electronic tourism for the enhancement of tourism in the coastal cities of Mazandaran province.

The conduction of this study took place within the confines of Mazandaran province during the years 2023-2024. Employing a qualitative approach in terms of methodology and a fundamental approach in terms of purpose, the study model was developed utilizing the grounded theory method. The collection of data was facilitated through semi-structured interviews conducted with experts, with a total of 21 participants (N=21). The selection of samples was performed using the snowball sampling technique. For the analysis of the gathered data, the approach proposed by Strauss and Corbin was adopted.

After conducting the three stages of open, central, and selective coding, a total of 26 sub-categories were identified within the overarching categories of causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences. These sub-categories were organized into a final model consisting of six dimensions. The contextual condition category included factors such as organizational complexity, tourist conditions, and environmental conditions. The causal condition category encompassed the dynamics of the industry, tourists, and manpower, as well as the strengthening of organizations and infrastructures, and the dynamics of problem solving. The intervening condition category involved aspects such as management, structural barriers, and characteristics of the tourism industry. Additionally, the strategies category encompassed organizational flexibility, interaction with tourists, customer-oriented human resources, and service improvement. Lastly, the consequences category included the development of e-tourism, increased tourist satisfaction, economic development, and increased income.

The ultimate model derived from this investigation will pave the way for the enhancement of managerial approaches and the achievement of the ultimate objective of e-tourism establishment, and can serve as the framework for subsequent growth.

Smart tourism can be considered as one of the mechanisms that can contribute to the enhancement of competition and the sustainable development of tourism. The objective of this study was to identify and prioritize the criteria that are crucial for the growth of sustainable smart tourism in Tehran.

In order to achieve the goal, a survey was conducted in Tehran between 2023 and 2024, employing both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The research tool used in this study was a questionnaire. To determine the most influential factors in the model for the growth of sustainable smart tourism in Tehran, an initial questionnaire was developed. This questionnaire consisted of 42 questions, which were rated on a 4-point Likert scale and distributed to 50 experts. After collecting the experts' opinions in two consecutive phases, a final questionnaire consisting of 39 questions was approved. For data analysis, the Fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy network analysis methods were utilized.

Based on the screening of indicators using the Delphi approach, 43 indicators in the areas of social, economic, sustainability, suppliers and stakeholders, competitors, natural, technical, and infrastructural were identified as effective factors in promoting smart tourism at the city level in Tehran. According to the results of network analysis, the goal harmonization index of economic, social, political, and environmental objectives had the first priority, and smart experiences had the second priority compared to other factors. Other factors also showed their importance in the development of smart and sustainable tourism based on the obtained coefficients.

The impact of various indicators under social, environmental, technical, infrastructural, and especially economic factors on the development of smart tourism was indicated. In between, indicators related to policymakers and stakeholders have a higher priority compared to other categories.

The significant interplay between health and the environment is undeniable. Alterations in climate have a direct impact on the physical and mental well-being of individuals, primarily through modifications in weather phenomena such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and storms. Furthermore, climate changes indirectly influence the quality of water, air, and food, further exacerbating health concerns. Health services are frequently regarded as the primary line of defense in mitigating the adverse effects on health, particularly those arising from climate change. The objective of this investigation was to examine the principal strategies employed in addressing environmental risks stemming from climate changes within the realm of health.

In this investigation, a methodical examination approach was employed to scrutinize investigations on the management of climate change from 2022 to 2023. English publications were sought in databases like Elsevier, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The exploration for publications was executed in two phases. In the initial phase, publications linked to climate change, climate variability, and global warming were sought employing keywords like "Climate change", "Climate variability", and "Global warming". In the subsequent phase, amid these publications, pertinent publications were chosen for examination and evaluation employing keywords like "Health", "Exposure", "Infectious disease", "Mental health", "Compatibility", and "Mitigation".

Primary healthcare systems play a crucial role in fostering resilience at both individual and community levels. These systems serve as a fundamental structure for safeguarding global citizens through the provision of accessible, cost-effective, responsive, and dependable healthcare services. Upon examining a range of studies, it becomes evident that it is imperative to establish resilient healthcare systems that can effectively withstand the impacts of climate change. This can be achieved by adopting adaptive or resilience-oriented approaches, as well as implementing mitigative strategies. To this end, it is recommended to enhance the capacity of healthcare systems, ensure effective and regular risk management at all levels, foster collaboration across multiple sectors, develop action plans, and make both short-term and long-term investments to enhance flexibility.

In conclusion, healthcare systems, being a critical foundation for protecting global citizens, should prioritize the enhancement of social resilience by implementing both mitigative and adaptive measures to combat the challenges posed by climate change.

Regeneration, a contemporary approach within the realm of urban restoration, encompasses a broad range of aspects, encompassing both physical and social structures. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the state of urban regeneration indicators in Zahedan city.

The study was conducted during 2023-2024, employing a questionnaire as the research instrument. This questionnaire consisted of 4 indices, specifically focusing on socio-cultural conditions (9 items), economic prosperity (8 items), environmental condition (9 items), and physical condition (8 items). A 34-item questionnaire was devised employing the Likert scale. The validity of the research instrument was assessed by disseminating a questionnaire to 24 urban planning experts. Reliability of the indices was evaluated using Kröbnach's alpha. Subsequently, the collected data was subjected to analysis using SPSS 25 software, employing one-sample T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

The index of social and cultural conditions displayed a favorable status, exhibiting an average of 3.287. Similarly, the environmental condition indicated a favorable state with an average of 3.389, and the physical quality demonstrated a favorable condition with an average of 3.321. Conversely, the economic prosperity index portrayed an unfavorable situation, with an average of 2.715. The city areas of Zahedan exhibited a significant disparity in terms of sustainable urban regeneration. Notably, the index of socio-cultural conditions displayed the highest discrepancy, while the index of economic prosperity showcased the lowest variation.

The results highlight the favorable status of the environmental, socio-cultural, and physical indicators, juxtaposed with the unfavorable state of the economic prosperity index.

Presently, to establish a conducive residential environment, enhance the commercial landscape, effectively manage resources, maintain cultural identity, and instill optimism among its inhabitants, Tehran metropolis necessitates an enhanced utilization of resources and the implementation of various novel solutions to address prevailing and emerging challenges. The primary objective of this study was to assess the urban innovation status of Tehran metropolis.

The current research is pragmatic in its objectives, exhibiting a mixed methodology approach and employing a descriptive-analytical survey method. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires devised by the researcher. Subsequent to the coding and examination of the interviews utilizing thematic analysis, the outcomes were incorporated into a researcher-developed questionnaire for the evaluation of Tehran metropolis, with the data being scrutinized using SPSS software.

The efficient institutional framework and transparent laws, along with the financial-institutional policies of the government, the level of citizen participation, the presence of parent universities, a pool of creative and expert human resources, the existence of technological and innovative companies, access to diverse markets, well-developed urban innovation infrastructures, a unique city brand, the strategic city location, and the quality of life are all crucial factors that can be used to assess the state of the Tehran metropolis. Among these factors, the parent universities, strategic location, human resources, and city brand exhibit a more favorable condition.

The current situation of the Tehran metropolis does not appear to be very conducive in terms of urban innovation and its functionalities. Optimal conditions for the adaptation of such systems to the Tehran metropolis are also not adequately observed.

One of the primary explanations for the limited achievements observed in urban sustainable development initiatives pertains to the disregard of the societal self of citizens as a significant influencing element. Urban sustainable development necessitates the presence of individuals with capabilities and social accountability.

This particular research, a cross-sectional study, was executed in the year 2022 within District 2 of Tehran metropolis. Data collection involved the utilization of the standardized Social Self Questionnaire (SSC) alongside a questionnaire devised by the researcher focusing on urban sustainable development. Throughout the administration of the aforementioned questionnaires, a process of indigenization was implemented drawing from the insights of academic scholars and specialists. The selection of urban neighborhoods was carried out through cluster sampling, while blocks were chosen through systematic sampling. Subsequently, 600 participants were identified from designated households in the neighborhoods of Tarasht, Kooy-e Nasr, Marzdaran Sharqi, Saadat Abad, and Parvaz using quota sampling to partake in the questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was employed in the AMOS software, while a two-variable t-test was conducted using SPSS 22 to explore the correlation between citizens' social self and urban sustainable development.

The measurement of urban social self comprised competence and social responsibility variables. The results from the structural equations revealed that all factor loads of the variables were statistically significant at the 0.001 level, highlighting a notable association between the sustainable development factor and citizens' social self. Moreover, the t-test illustrated a significant connection between competence and social responsibility, serving as explanatory factors for citizens' social self concerning urban sustainable development (p<0.001).

In District 2, a noteworthy correlation and reciprocal impact were identified between the social self-components of Tehran's residents (competence and social responsibility) and urban sustainable development.

Today, encounters lacking a coherent pattern of organization and concomitantly, the physical expansion of urban areas at the city entrances, are factors contributing to the diminished clarity, acceptance, and distinctiveness in these regions. Conversely, the intermediate spaces and urban symbolism are no longer recognizable. Consequently, this study was undertaken with the objective of enhancing the functionality of city entrance spaces and optimizing their configuration.

The investigation, focusing on the gates of Ardabil city during 2021-2022, is practical in nature. The research methodology involved the utilization of both library resources and on-site observations. To acquire comprehensive data, a survey pertaining to the variables influencing the layout of city entrance areas was developed and the survey questions were formulated accordingly. SPSS 26 software was employed for the purpose of data analysis, while Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were utilized to assess data normality, and Friedman tests were conducted to determine the ranking of the impact of various components.

The variables related to small size, middle location, city development geographical location, and communication location demonstrated effectiveness in the construction of the city's entrance body in a sequential manner. Conversely, the incorporation of body-building components did not contribute to the formation of the physical structure of Ardabil city's gates, resulting in an alteration in the configuration of the city's entry points.

The integration of body building components at the entrances of the city has facilitated the establishment of a well-structured entrance, enhancing the coherence and readability of the entrance body.

This study aimed to investigate the cultural-historical marketing capabilities of tourism in Gilan province. The efforts have been made to discover the dimensions of cultural-historical tourism marketing and the effects of these dimensions on development of tourism.

This study, conducted in 2023 in Gilan province and employed a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach. The qualitative part was executed using the grounded theory and the suggested steps of Glaser and Strauss. The statistical population included all senior managers of the Cultural Heritage, Tourism, and Handicrafts Organization of Gilan province, as well as experts in the fields of business and tourism management. Additionally, senior managers of municipal, provincial, and governorate organizations were included, with 10 individuals selected for interviews using the snowball sampling method. In the quantitative section, a survey method was employed through the use of questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling.

The results of structural equation modeling indicated that factors related to historical and cultural tourism marketing had a significant and positive impact on destination competitiveness. Destination competitiveness, in turn, had a positive and meaningful effect on destination development. The environmental conditions of the country also had a positive and meaningful impact on destination development. Tourist industry infrastructure had a positive and meaningful effect on destination development. Finally, destination development had a positive and meaningful impact on integrated marketing communications in tourism.

The effective factors on cultural-historical tourism in the city of Gilan include destination competitiveness, historical and cultural tourism marketing, destination development, tourist industry infrastructure, environmental conditions, and integrated marketing communications in tourism.

This study aims to assess the performance and efficacy of housing provision strategies, particularly focusing on the Tehran metropolis.

The study, carried out in 2023, is of an applied study in Tehran metropolis. Following the application of Morgan's formula, a sample size comprising 384 individuals was established. Moreover, cluster sampling was utilized to classify the 22 districts within Tehran. Subsequently, the gathered data underwent analysis through structural equation modeling to uncover causal connections among variables.

The variables pertaining to efficacy and efficiency exhibit notable influence on housing provision policies, displaying path coefficients of 0.305 and 0.329, respectively. Furthermore, variables such as housing productivity and accessibility to services demonstrate substantial impacts on efficacy and efficiency, supported by t-values of 2.862 and 2.874, respectively. Nevertheless, the enhancement of efficacy and efficiency in housing provision policies has resulted in the appreciation of housing costs, regulation of rentals, financial support mechanisms, and the advancement of social housing initiatives.

In terms of factors pertaining to efficacy and efficiency, variables like accessibility to amenities and variety in housing options wield a more substantial impact, as opposed to social stability and the quality of housing, which demonstrate a lesser degree of influence on the effectiveness and efficiency of housing allocation strategies. Additionally, sub-indices such as the establishment of appropriate pricing mechanisms aligned with market demands, imposition of caps on rental increments, safeguarding tenants' entitlements, provision of support to housing developers, and enhancement of the construction sector's operational efficacy contributed to the ineffectiveness of housing allocation policies in urban regions.