نشریه دانش پیشگیری و مدیریت بحران
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 50، زمستان 1402)

This study aimed to analyze the cooperation network for psycho-social Recovery of disasters to evaluate the distribution of legal power among activists. The methodology utilized social network analysis to provide policy recommendations for enhancing the cooperation network for psycho-social recovery of disasters based on the laws governing the country’s reconstruction program and national crisis management rehabilitation provisions.

The research employed social network analysis to examine the cooperation system, creating a tool for evaluating complex communication networks to facilitate future cooperation among actors. An innovative approach was adopted for analyzing the cooperation system. Data included measures taken before and after the disaster, involving a total of 228 subjects and 27 actors responsible for and collaborators in the psycho-social Recovery program. A cooperation network matrix of actors was extracted based on the legal framework governing the program. Measures such as the degree centrality index, betweenness centrality, geodesic distance, density, and coherence were analyzed.

Overall, the findings reveal the attitudes of planners towards psycho-social Recovery measures post-accident and highlight challenges within the document of the national reconstruction and rehabilitation program. These challenges pertain to the principles of rapid intervention for physical and psychological rehabilitation, accessibility processes for temporary accommodation and housing recovery, attention to economic rehabilitation, and services for vulnerable population groups. Additionally, network analysis results indicate an imbalance in power distribution within the network, with power concentrated in the country›s welfare organization and the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education. Consequently, expanding cooperation within the network to include actors such as the media, banks, investment funds, public governance institutions, and other key entities, as well as enhancing the role of legal power in decision-making processes among non-governmental organizations, programs, and budget allocation, municipalities, universities, research centers, the Ministry of Education, the Social Security Organization, social service centers, and the Ministry of Industry, Mining, and Trade, are areas for potential development within the cooperation network

Considering the insufficient cohesion within the cooperation network of psycho-social recovery activists and the imbalanced distribution of the legal power among activists in the current structure, the optimal implementation of psycho-social support services in accidents and disasters remains challenging. The current research represents an application of the analysis of complex communication networks, demonstrating its efficiency in analyzing the cooperation network of psycho-social recovery activists in accidents and disasters.

Cities, especially urban areas, are exposed to the effects of many natural disasters and acute disasters, such as earthquakes, which can affect city boundaries. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the seismic vulnerability of worn-out structures in the face of possible accidents and hazards, so that the worn-out structures of cities are more resistant to natural disasters and ready to deal with disasters and pressures. This study assesses the seismic vulnerability of the worn fabric of Hasirabad in Ahvaz against earthquakes.

This research adopted a development-applied research method based on the approach of structural spatial studies. Therefore, the seven indicators were extracted and analyzed using Geoda and ArcGIS software. 

Thematic results showed that among the indicators affecting the seismic vulnerability of the worn-out fabric, the building skeleton and the age of the building are the most effective with coefficients of 1.94 and 1.03. Also, the location results showed that 290,665 square meters, that is, 26% of the total worn texture area with vulnerability levels of 0.01, are in a completely vulnerable state. 

The results of the investigation of the level of vulnerability in worn texture show that in area No. 1, 39.4% of the surfaces are completely vulnerable, in area No. 2, 40% of the buildings have medium vulnerability and relatively are susceptible to damage, and in area No. 3, 29.9% of buildings have moderate vulnerability.

The current research was conducted to assess the situation and investigate and evaluate the crisis management in the libraries, museums, and cultural heritage documentation centers of the central plateau of Iran, in terms of the conditions of buildings and works. 

Survey-descriptive research method, semi-structured questionnaire, and interview using questionnaire and descriptive analysis based on standard were used.

Findings indicated that 100% of the evaluated centers are located in areas that are threatened by various risks, and 95% of them are exposed to both natural and unnatural risk factors and industrial disasters. In terms of the types of possible accidents, more accidents were drought (subsidence, sinkhole, and dust) and earthquake (100%), fire (95%), theft (92.5%), vandalism (55%), pests (48.5%) and air pollution (47.5%). There are many problems and obstacles regarding the implementation of crisis management. Most curators were dissatisfied with the unfavorable conditions of crisis management. Lack of necessary and continuous training regarding crisis management for curators and employees of museums, lack of insurance coverage of buildings and museums, lack of crisis control plan, lack of effective and continuous communication with specialists and organizations with special services in the field of crisis management, lack of budget forecast, and lack of sufficient knowledge and skills in this area were among the problems and obstacles that were identified after the analysis. 

One of the basic problems, in addition to financial, human, administrative, and structural resources, is the lack of a suitable model, especially based on the country’s climate. The model of crisis management as a road map and specifying the path for proper planning in the three areas of prevention, in the crisis situation and after the crisis is very necessary. In the current research, after examining the situation, it was found that there is no indication of a suitable model based on the region’s climate in the three areas of prevention, during and after the crisis.

Since the land surrounding the city, especially in Iranian cities, is considered as a supporting environment for the city, and at the same time, a large part of Iranian cities are created behind the banks of agricultural lands and natural and human phenomena. Paying attention to determining a suitable direction for the future growth and development of the city is very important. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to find the optimal location of the physical expansion of Sardasht City using the combined Hasse method and the fuzzy network analytical process (FANP) of the spatial information system. 

The method of the current research is practical and analytical in terms of its descriptive nature, in order to achieve the goal of the research, different layers of information, including height, percentage of slope, slope direction, distance from main roads, distance from the city center, distance from areas Forest protection, distance from water sources, land use, distance from waterways and distance from watersheds are included in ARC GIS software and while analyzing them in geographic information system database using FANP, lands It was found suitable for the future physical development of Sardasht City.

The results of the research showed that based on the overlap map obtained, which is the result of fuzzy models and  analytic network process (ANP), the best lands for the future development of Sardasht City are scattered in the south, southwest, northeast and west parts of the city. Also, the most unsuitable parts in this field are scattered in the east, northwest and parts of the west of the city

According to the findings of the research, the completely suitable and relatively suitable floor is located in the south, southwest, northeast and west parts. Unsuitable floors are located in the south end of the city and small parts are scattered in the study area. The completely inappropriate class includes the north, northwest, east and parts of the western areas of the city.

The increasing occurrence of natural or human-caused hazards is a significant global concern. These hazards often strike unexpectedly and, due to their intensity, frequency, and complexity, can inflict considerable damage on humans and their accomplishments. This article offers an overview of utilizing remote sensing technologies for managing natural hazards. It focuses on enhancing our understanding of the built environment’s vulnerability to such hazards and on developing methods to more accurately assess their impact on urban areas.

To evaluate the effectiveness of remote sensing technology in risk management, this paper presents several case studies, including the 1999 Marmara earthquake in Turkey, the 2003 Bam earthquake in Iran, and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. These studies are based on library research and analysis of results. The paper concludes with a discussion on potential future directions of remote sensing in hazard management, exploring the technological advances and challenges that could broaden its application in addressing future hazards.

Analysis of sources indicates that remote sensing technology is highly effective in assessing damage post-disaster, monitoring recovery and reconstruction progress, and enhancing knowledge about urban infrastructure. Establishing a comprehensive and accurate database of critical infrastructure is essential for emergency risk management, as it provides a baseline for estimating actual damage and related losses following an event. Immediate damage assessment after a natural or man-made hazard is crucial for initiating the response process and informing the prioritization of relief efforts and initial damage evaluations. The integration of GPS-based technologies with GIS systems has notably improved field detection efforts after major disasters, underscoring the importance of these technologies in disaster response.

Over the past decades, remote sensing technology has seen widespread use in assessing the impact of earthquakes, tsunamis, storms, floods, forest fires, and terrorist attacks. The research findings clearly indicate that remote sensing technology, leveraging satellite imagery with high spatial resolution and widespread availability, can effectively contribute to all facets of crisis management.

Road accidents are one of the main causes of injury, disability and causalities in developing countries. In Iran, this is also a societal challenge that affects the physical and mental health of people. This is the main concern of tourists and passengers using the strategic and touristic mountainous Haraz road which connects the capital, Tehran to the north of Iran. To address this concern, we aim to study the spatial density distribution of road accidents and identify spatial clusters of accidents along Haraz road in a time period of 1395-1399.

The location and time of Haraz road’s accidents were collected at the time of accidents occurrence using global position system (GPS) by relief and rescue organization of Red Crescent Society of Iran. We used kernel density estimation’s function in order to assess the spatial density of accidents. In this context, spatial density of accidents were estimated for yearly accidents from 1395 to 1399 and also sum of accidents in this five years period. Also, to detect spatial accidents clusters, we used the spatial statistics of Getis-Ord Gi* in Hot spot analysis. The spatial accidents clusters were also identified both for yearly accidents from 1395 to a1399 and sum of accidents in five years temporal scale. Both approaches were implemented using geographical information system (GIS).

Results from implementing the kernel density estimation indicate that the density of accidents varies spatially long the raod and temporarily from 1395 to 1399. The Kahroud Paeen region in Haraz road found to have the most density of accidents in the five years period. Hot spot analysis identified four spatial accidents clusters in the regions of Panjab, Kahroud Paeen, Gaznak and Polour along the Haraz road which are statistically significant with average Z-score of 4.49. The number of accident clusters, percentage of accidents in the clusters and also the length of road clusters varies spatio-temporaly with a decreasing trend.

We conclude that application of kernel density estimation and hot spot analysis are useful in order to investigate and analyze the spatio-temporal density distribution of road accidents and also identification of spatial clusters of road accidents along Haraz road. The results can be used to implement infrastructural and technical actions, preparation for relief quick actions and also increasing awareness of passengers from dangerous section of Haraz road.

Regardless of the effectiveness of the policy during the formulation stage, it is crucial for the policy to be seamlessly integrated and solidified within the actual procedures and practices of the local destination of implementation. This integration is essential for realizing the intended benefits of the policy. This study aims to identify and categorize obstacles and opportunities for effective implementation of Covid-19 crisis policies in the executive bodies of Kurdistan Province. 

Using a qualitative case study approach, data was collected through interviews with 32 employees from five government organizations: The health network, education network, banking network, traffic police, and governorate organizations. 

Data were analyzed based on a conceptual model consisting of fourteen factors. The study identified several obstacles and inhibiting factors, including a lack of facilities, non-cooperation of the people, insufficient financial support from the government, incorrect information from organizations, and limited interaction between people and organizations. Opportunities and drivers of implementation included problem-solving through disobeying orders, the sacrifice of employees, high levels of inter-organizational cooperation, problem-solving through consultation with higher authorities, and increased interaction between people and organizations. The findings provide insights for policymakers and practitioners on effective implementation of crisis policies at the local level. 

Effective crisis management necessitates social participation and recognition of the influential role of media, within both organizational and citizen levels. Policymakers and government executives should utilize the potential of public participation and the media to formulate and implement crisis policies, thereby addressing any potential weaknesses in policy formulation through collaboration and empathy.