نشریه پژوهش های زبانی و ادبیات کاربردی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 3، بهار و تابستان 1402)

The book of Anhar al-Asrar is one of the books written in the description of Bostan Saadi by Alimullah Balkhi in the 12th century.This book contains useful information about mystic pointsThere are several manuscripts of this work that have not been matched, verified and corrected so far. Therefore, it is necessary to present a corrected version along with lists and notes about the content of the book. The purpose of this research is to introduce the book of Ahar al-Asrar, its author, and some of the existing versions of this work, and based on this, some of its literary features have been examined and the necessity of correcting this book has been discussed. Therefore, among the available versions of this work, the version available in Maulana Azad Aligarh University can be the preferred version. Based on this, this research shows that the description of Saadi's Bostan is based on a mystical perspective, which, considering topics such as mysticism, the words of the text have many complexities in terms of understanding and meaning. Also, in spite of the use of simple and sentient prose, the use of sophisticated prose as well as technical prose, as a result of the presence of literary arrays and a lot of Arabicism, has made it somewhat difficult to understand the meaning of this work.

One of the characteristics of technical prose is the length and inconsistency of dependent clauses in compound sentences, which is accompanied by the repetition of words and meanings and the omission of verbs, and the use of lexical music and sometimes the repetition of sentences and words in order to The author's speech is not representative, but it is believed that in the sender's prose, the use of parallel constructions, synonyms, and clauses with the same meaning is avoided because the parallel constructions cause confusion. This descriptive-analytical essay by examining the preface of Abu Mansoori's Shahnameh (Old Preface to the Shahnameh), which is one of the first texts written in Mursal's prose, answers the question of how and with what function the parallel constructions in Mursal's prose are used. are taken The findings show that the equivalent constructions of nouns, conjunctions and adjectives in the form of words, combinations or sentences, in the prose of the sender, not to repeat the meaning of the sentence and express it differently and in a different way of expression. Rather, they are used to clarify the meaning and scope of speech and to remove ambiguity. These constructions play an essential role in explaining the content and scope of the text through synonyms or contradictions, distortions, limitations, etc. But, adverbs are not considered because they are necessary and cannot be removed because of other parts of the sentence, and they are not repetition of meaning, they do not have frequency and they do not include all sentences, clauses, phrases and groups.

In the present study, Subjective classification of riddles in Qashgai Turkish dialect was discussed. Riddles are considered valuable topics in language studies due to their importance in reflecting the intellectual atmosphere and individual and social identity of a nation. Considering that so far not much research has been done in this field, it becomes necessary to conduct such research. The present research has been carried out using the library method and using 320 riddles taken from the book "Qashqai Topmajalari (Bu Lemajalar) (Collection of Qashqai Folklore riddles)" authored by Mirzaei Asl (2016). The obtained evidence showed that topics such as human beings, human spirits and emotions, plants, and foods, animals and animal parts, elements and parts of nature, human sciences and knowledge, human tools and products, and daily affairs in the nomadic life are central to the topics of Qashqai riddles. In the meantime, topics such as tools and human products with 94 items, followed by animals and animal parts with 52 items, and human sciences and knowledge with 14 items have the least function of related topics among Qashqai riddles.

Allusions are one of the most important literary genres in oral literature that do not have a specific speaker and can be found in the conversations of people of different societies. They show well. In this way, ironies are sentences and words that are current in people's language, and people have made them last in the language by using ironies in their speech.Allusions add beauty to words and searching for the original meaning in them has a special pleasure. Therefore, the investigation of ironies in Iranian dialects is of special importance. In this research, the ironies of the Northern Talashi language, which flows on the shores of the Caspian Sea, are compared with the ironies of the ethnic groups in the southeast of Iran who live in Sistan and Baluchistan. has been And they were compared with the allusions of the Persian language. In this article, we have tried to compare prominent and significant examples of allusions of all three languages to determine the linguistic commonalities. This research showed that there is a long history of exchanges between Talshan culture, Sistanians and Persians, and the origins of these cultures and languages originated from the same source, although the Persian language has spread as a standard language in Iran. And the written language has been all over Iran.

Epics are related to the period of establishment and establishment of tribes, and with the passing of their establishment, the need for bravery and fighting against native tribes and enemies disappears, and this is where national and natural epics have their place. are given to historical and religious epics. Don Quixote after Iliad and Odysseus and Iskandarnameh Nizami and Khosfi's Khavaran name after Shahnameh show the process of this change in the East and the West. Cervantes, the author of Don Quixote, used Hazel's language to disparage the epic ideas and in this work he focused more on the ideas found in the Eastern epics. The ground-breaker that shows the possibility of different readings of the same text shows itself more in the translation of Don Quixote's text. Niks-Sorsht's translation is one of these readings that has focused on the Iranianization and idiomization of Don Quixote's text, but it has not been able to eliminate the duality of the story's space. Ridiculing and reducing the content and humorous expression and characteristics of heroes, magic and sorcery, discipleship of heroes, underestimating the capabilities of women and relying on the principle of beauty, humiliating Arabs and ignoring the important place of the epic in the identity. The creation of Iranians and Indians, contrary to its appearance, has given Don Quixote and Cervantes an anti-epic foundation, and contrary to the epic attitude of Iranians, it has reached the production of the big conceptual metaphor "Ayari and Pahlavani are not path-breakers and problem-solvers".This descriptive-analytical essay, with library study and qualitative analysis method and with inductive reasoning, has investigated the translation of Don Quixote and its success rate and how it responds to Cervantes's anti-epic thoughts.

Modern historicism is one of the theories in the field of literary criticism and one of the sub-branches of post-structural criticism, which was founded by Steven Greenblatt in the late seventies and early eighties. Contrary to traditional historicism, which speaks of the one-sided influence of history on literature, modern historicism believes in the two-sided influence of literature and history on each other. In this research, relying on library and documentary studies and with an analytical-descriptive approach, we have tried to examine the story of Qubad Pirouz in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh based on the criticism of modern historicism, identify and analyze its discourses, and finally get a new meaning from it. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that there are five discourses in Qabad's story, whose conflict with each other forms the basis of the narrative and moves it forward. The identified discourses are: Qabad, Blash, Sokhrai, Mazdak and Mobdan discourses. Each of these discourses gain power in a period of time and are placed in the center; But the amount of friction is such that they are pushed from the center to the margins again. All in all, in this research, an effort has been made to get a new understanding of the story by analyzing the relationships between the discourses and shedding light on the dark corners of the story.

English Abstract: The Avestan root √yaz, which has its ancient Persian equivalent as √yad and its Sanskrit equivalent as √yaj has manifested itself in various forms within the Persian language. Given the importance and concepts associated with this root and its derived words, it is possible to address certain ambiguities in the interpretations of Pahlavi texts. The complex nature of Pahlavi script allows for different readings of the vocabulary. In this article, we focus on examining one of the expressions found in Pahlavi texts, which can be clarified by utilizing the mentioned root, offering an alternative interpretation compared to previous understandings. This new reading provides a different meaning than the previous interpretation of the expression, thereby suggesting a significantly divergent understanding of the relevant portion of the text in which the expression is located. The proposed reinterpretation sheds new light on the understanding of the Pahlavi text, offering a fresh perspective on the meaning and context of the specific phrase in question. By elucidating the multifaceted nature of the "yaz" root and its implications in deciphering Pahlavi texts, this research paves the way for future investigations and encourages a nuanced exploration of the linguistic and cultural intricacies of ancient Persia.